宾语从句 (2)

中考英语语法之 宾语从句 一 宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句 在句中作主句的宾语 eg WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright 二 宾语从句三要素 引导词 连接词 语序时态 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 由疑问词What who whose where when 等引导的宾语从句 由从属连词whether if引导的宾语从句 一 引导词 if whether 是否 说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚 常用在ask wonder can could youtellme wanttoknow等词后 注 that用于陈述意见事 在句中无词汇意义 在从句中不能充当成分 在口语当中往往省略 If与whether的区别 Idon tknow hewillcomeornot Idon tcareof heishandsome Hewondered tostayherethenextweek hewillcomeisnotdecided 与ornot连用或表示选择时只能用whether 介词后只能用whether 与todo不定式连用只能用whether 作主语只能用whether 二 语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句 从句都要运用陈述句的语序 即是 主语在前 谓语在后 的顺序 e gCouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum Sheaskedhimwherehecamefrom Iwanttoknowwhattheyaretalkingabout Doyouknowif whetherhelikesTimesEnglishPost 三 时态 当主句是一般现在时 宾语从句的时态不作限制 我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态 e gTomhasbeentoGuilintwice shewillcometomorrow Ihear that Jimwenttoworkanhourago heisinterestedinEnglish 当主句是一般过去时的时候 宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态 从而达到主句和从句的相互一致 e ghewouldgotoXi an hewasillthedaybefore Hesaid that hewasreadingabook hehadhadsupperalready 当从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时 就不用受到主句时态的限制 仍是用一般现在时态 e gHesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon Theteachertoldthestudentsthatnonewsisgoodnews Ourteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound 宾语从句的否定形式一般而言 宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的 但若主句谓语动词是think expect believe guess等表示 认为 猜想 的词时 一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中 e gIknowheisn tfromSanhe Idon tthinkit sgoingtorain Idon tbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney 标点符号宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定 不受从句的限制 如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号 而主句是疑问句时 句末则用问号 e gHeaskedmeif whetherIcouldhelphim Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest DoyouknowwhereLiPingis Wouldyoupleasetellushowoldyouare 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 e g 1 Hesaid YouareyoungerthanI 2 Hesays Tomisagoodstudent HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent 引号内是陈述句的变成由that引起的宾语从句 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 引号内为一般疑问句的变为if whether 引导的宾语从句 e g Shesaid Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall heasked Sheaskedif whether Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper Heaskedif whether theywouldgotovisittheGreatWall 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 e g 1 Heasked Wheredoyoulive 2 Howcanwegettothepost office heasked HeaskedmewhereIlived Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost office 在把直接引语变为间接引语的练习中 要注意 句式的转变 若原句是祈使句 不能用宾语从句改写 而应该用 asksb todosth 的句式 e gDon topenthedoor 用they作主语改写句子 Theyasknottoopenthedoor 人称的变化 如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时 我们就应该考虑人称的变化 e g IcomefromCanada Lucysays LucysaysthatshecomesfromCanada 1 MissGreendidn ttellus in2002 A wheredoessheliveB WhereshelivesC wheredidsheliveD whereshelived 解析 答案 D 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态 宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态 所以应选D 2 Wouldyoupleasetellme A whendidhecomehomeB wherehewouldplayfootballC ifhehadseenthefilmD whyhedidn twatchthegame 解析 答案 D 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态 主句用的实际上是现在时 宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时 3 Idon tknowwhen A willthetrainleaveB thetrainwillleaveC wouldthetrainleaveD thetrainleave 解析 答案 B 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态 只有B在语序和时态上符合要求 4 Wedon tknow ItissaidthathewasborninSweden A whatheisB ifheliveshereC wherehecomesfromD whichcountryishefrom 解析 答案 C 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和上下文的意思的连贯性 只有C符合要求 例题解析 5 Couldyoutellme A Mrs KingwherelivesB wheredoesMrs Kinglive C whereMrs KinglivesD Mrs Kingliveswhere 答案 C 析 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序 6 Canyoutellme Sure She sanurse A whereisyoursisterB whereyoursisteris C whatisyoursisterD whatyoursisteris 答案 D 析 who问的是姓名 如 Whoishe HeisSmith 或Heismyfather What问的是职业 如 Whatishe whatdoeshedo Heisateacher 7 Couldyoutellme A whenthetrainwillarriveB whenthetrainarrived C whendidthetrainarriveD whendoesthetrainarrives 答案 A 析 could用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉 并不是过去时态 且宾语从句要用陈述语句 例题解析 8 Couldyoutellme Yes They tothelibrary A wherearethetwins havebeenB wherewerethetwins havebeenC wherethetwinsare havegoneD wherethetwinswere havegone 答案 C 析 havebeento是去过什么地方 而现在回来了 havegoneto是到某地去了 人现在不在这里 9 Idon tknow toreadtheword A whichB whatC whoseD how 答案 D 析 因不定式toread中的read是及物动词 已有自己的宾语theword 所以应用疑问副词how 10 Iwonder A whosebicycleisitB itiswhosebicycle C isitwhosebicycleD whosebicycleitis 答案 D 析 wonder后的宾语从句应用陈述语序 例题解析 宾语从句中考题练兵 一 单项选择 1 Idon tthinkhewillcomehereontime 重庆 A won theB willheC doesheD ishe 2 Willyoupleasetellme 上海 A wherePudongAirportisB howfarPudongAirportwasC howcanwegettoPudongAirportD whenwasPudongAirportbuilt 3 It snotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland 常州 A howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB whattheweatherislikeC whatyourcitylookslikeD howoldareyou 4 Iwonderifhetonight Ifhe I llletyouknow 扬州 A willcome willcomeB comes comesC willcome comesD comes willcome B A A C 5 Ican tsayIwanttoseehimagain Wehaven tseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears 镇江 A howlongB howsoonC howoftenD howmuch 6 Mr GreentoldmethatheonatripnextSunday 通化 A aregoingB wasgoingC willgoD wouldgoing 7 OurgeographyteachertoldusthatJapantheeastofChina 河北 A isinB wasinC istoD wasto 8 Nobodyknowshe llcomeornot 辽宁 A thatB ifC D whether D B C D 从下列A B C D中选择一个正确选项填空 1 Idon tknow hewillcometomorrow hecomes I lltellyou A if WhetherB whether WhetherC if ThatD if If2 Idon tknow thedayaftertomorrow A whendoeshecomeB howwillhecomeC ifhecomesD whetherhe llcome3 Couldyoutellme thenearesthospitalis A whatB howC whetherD where4 Couldyoutellme theradiowithoutanyhelp A howdidhemendB whatdidhemendC howhemendedD whathemended5 Iwanttoknow A whomisshelookingafterB whomsheislookingC whomisshelookingD whomsheislookingafter D D D C D 6 Doyouknowwhere now A helivesB doesheliveC helivedD didhelive7 Doyouknowwhattime A thetrainleavesB doesthetrainleaveC willthetrainleaveD thetrainleaves8 Idon tknow Canyoutellme please A howthetwoplayersareoldB howoldarethetwoplayersC thetwoplayersarehowoldD howoldthetwoplayersare9 Thesmallchildrendon tknow A whatistheirstockingsinB whatisintheirstockingsC whereistheirstockingsinD whatintheirstockings10 Ican tunderstand A whatdoesChristmasmeanB whatChristmasdoesmeanC whatmeanChristmasdoesD whatChristmasmeans A D D B D 11 Hesaid shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster sdesk A thatB whereC whichD what12 Inthebookshop areaderaskedtheshopkeeper WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook A thatB howC whatD if13 A Couldyoutellme sheislookingfor B Hercousin Susan A thatB whoseC whoD which14 Iwanttoknow A whatishisnameB what shisnameC thathisnameisD whathisnameis15 Couldyoutellme A whendidTomcomebackB whendoesTomcomebackC whenTomwillcomebackD whenTomcomesback A D C D C 16 A Couldyoutellme B I mnotsure A howmanypeoplehavebeenoutofhospitalB whenisThanksgivingDayC whichanimaldoeshelikebestD whattimewillthedolphinshowstart17 Mr Kingdidn tknow yesterdayevening A whendoeshissoncomehomeB whenhissoncomeshomeC whendidhissoncomehomeD whenhissoncamehome18 TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25 ChristmasDay A isB wasC hasbeenD which19 Iwonder youwouldliketocometomybirthdayparty A thatB whetherC thatifD thatwhether20 A I mwaitingforthemail Doyouknow itwillarrive B Usuallyitcomesby4 00 A howB whereC whenD what A D A B C 21 Doyouknow duringthecomingholiday A whatwillTomdoB whatdidTomdoC whatTomwilldoD whatTomdid22 Theteachertoldusthatlight muchfasterthansound A travelsB traveledC wouldtravelD hadtraveled23 Doyouknowif backnextweek Ifhe back pleaseletmeknow A hecomes willcomeB willhecome comesC hewillcome comesD willhecome willcome24 Thegirlsaskedifthey somefoodanddrinkwiththem A tookB takeC takesD willtake25 Catherinesaidthatshe toGuangzhou A hasnevergoneB hadnevergoneC hasneverbeenD hadneverbeen C A C A D 26 Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey dictationtoday A hadB has C willhaveD are27 SheaskedLindaif goandgetsome A couldsheB shecouldC shecanD shemay28Lindasaidthemoon roundtheearth A travelledB hastravelledC travelsD hadtravelled29 Canyoutellme youwereborn Betty A whoB whatC whenD that30 Idon tknow theyhavepassedtheexam A whatB ifC whenD where C B C C B 31 Ihardlyunderstand hehastoldme A thatB whatC whichD who32 Shedidn tknow backsoon A whetherhewouldbeB ifwouldhebeC hewillbeD ifhewillcome33 Doyouknow theylistenedtoyesterdayevening whatBwhenCwhyDhow34 Heaskedme toldmetheaccidentAwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose35 Theydon tknow theirparentsare AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich B A A C B 36 Pleasetellme lastyear A wheredoesyoursisterworkB wheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksD whereyoursisterworked37 SheaskedmeifIknew A whosepenisitB whosepenitwasC whosepenitisD whosepenwasit38 Didyouknow A whohewaslookingafterB whowashelookingforC whoheislookingforD whoheislookingafter39 Couldyoutellme A whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC whentheywillleaveBeijingD whendidtheyleaveBeijing40 Couldyoutellme A wheredoyouliveB whoyouarewaitingforC whowereyouwaitingforD whereyoulivein D B A C B 按要求转换句型 1 DoesMr BrownenjoylivinginChina Couldyoutellus 改写句子 Couldyoutellus Mr Brown livinginChina 2 Doesthegirlneedanyhelp heaskedme 变为复合句 Heaskedme thegirl somehelp 3 Jimisnotastudent Tomisnotastudent either 合并为一个句子 Jim Tomisastudent 4 Whendoesthetrainleave Iwanttoknow 改为含宾语从句的复合句 Iwanttoknow thetrain 5 Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework 用not until改写 They gohome theyhadfinishedtheirhomework Ifenjoys Ifneeds Neithernor whenleaves didn tuntil 6 DidPetercomehereyesterday LiLeiwantstoknow 改为含宾语从句的复合句 LiLeiwantstoknow Peter hereyesterday7 Howdoeshegetonwithhisnewclassmates Couldyoutellme 改为含有宾语从句的复合句 Couldyoutellmehow onwithhisnewclassmates 8 Whatishedoingthere Motherdidn tknow 改为含有宾语从句的复合句Motherdidn tknowwhat doingthere 9 You dbetteraskyourmotherwhetherisitcheapenoughbeforeyoutryiton 改错 10 What shisname Iaskedhim 改为含有宾语从句的复合句 Iaskedhimwhat Ifcame hegoes hewas hisnamewas 11 Whydidn thelookhappy Couldyoutellme 改为含有宾语从句的复合句 Couldyoutellmewhy lookhappy 12 Doeshestillliveinthatstreet Idon tknow 改为含有宾语从句的复合句 Idon tknow hestill inthatstreet 7 Whosechildrenistheoldwomanlookingafter Didyoufindout 改为含有宾语从句的