一般过去时、现在完成时与一般现在时的区别

现在完成时与一般过去时 一般现在时的区别 一 一般过去时态 现在完成时态 一般现在时的概念 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 常与yesterday yesterdayafternoon thedaybeforeyesterday lastyear in1965 amomentago justnow等表示过去的具体的时间状语连用 例如 Hecamehereyesterday 现在完成时表示过去的动作 或状态 对现在产生的影响和结果 常与ever never before twice already just yet sofar since for uptonow inpastyears等 皆不确定或模糊的时间状语连用 例如Hehasjustbrokenhisbottle 一般现在时表示经常性 习惯性的动作或存在的状态 通常与副词sometimes often usually always everyday year month once twice threetimes aday 等时间状语连用 Theyusuallygotoschoolbybike Itakethemedicinethreetimesaday Shehelpshermotheronceaweek HeoftenwatchesTv MarylikesreadinginterestingstoriesMary sfatherisapoliceman Thereare50studentsinmyclass 二 一般过去时态 现在完成时和一般现在时的区别 现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系 主要说明的是现在的情况和状态 而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间 与现在不发生联系 一般现在时表示经常性 习惯性的动作或存在的状态 与过去没有关系 例如 Wehaven tseenhimsincelastyear 我们自从去年以来一直未见到他 现在还未见到 Wedidn tseehimlastyear 我们去年没见到他 现在不一定未见到 Ioftenseehim 现在经常见到 现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在 包括现在 的某个动作或状态 与现在有关的时间状语连用 一般过去时表示过去某一特定 与现在无关 的时间 与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用 例如 Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn 自他出生以来一直居住在这儿 since自从 以来 与现在有关 说明他还居住在这儿 LiuMeiwenttoseehergrandmotherlastnight 刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆 只说明昨晚 例如 Wearegoodfriends 现在情况 我们是好朋友 Igottoknowhimin2005 过去的动作 我在2005年认识 结识 他Wehaveknowneachothersince2005 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在 自从2005年来我们就相互认识 三 值得注意几个问题 动作发生在过去 一直持续到说话的时候 并且还在延续时 要用现在完成时 例如 WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears 我们学英语两年了 指过去的经历 但没有表示过去的时间状语 要用现在完成时 例如 IhavebeentoShanghaitwice 我曾去过上海两次 句子中如有过去时的时间副词 如yesterday lastweek in1960 时 不能使用现在完成时 要用过去时 Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight 4 以When开头的特殊疑问句 要用一般过去时 例如 Whendidyouloseyourpen 你什么时候丢了钢笔 5 just 刚刚 与现在完成时连用 justnow 刚才 与一般过去时连用 例如 Thetrainhasjustgone 火车刚刚离开 Thetrainleftherejustnow 火车是刚才离开 6 since作介词 后面跟时间名词一起作状语时 句子要用现在完成时 since作连词 引导状语从句时 主句用现在完成时 从句用一般过去时 7 sofar inthelast past 与现在完成时连用 例如 Sofar manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace Inthelast30years ourliveshavechangedalot Hehasworkedinthisfactorysince1996 Ihaveknownhimsincehewasachild 四 现在完成时应注意的四个区别 1 延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别 2 since和for的区别 3 have hasgoneto have hasbeento have hasbeenin的区别 4 already和yet的区别 A leave beenawayfrombuy haveborrow keepdie bedeadgetup beupturnon beoncome getback bebackgototown beintownfinish beovercatchacold haveacoldclose beclosed notopenopen beopenfallill asleep beill asleepbegin start beonget receivealetterfrom havealetterfromB cometo behere therearrivein at getto reach behere therejointheArmy beintheArmy beasoldierjointheLeague beintheLeague bealeaguemember 五 延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳 Hedied10yearsago He for10years since10yearsago 2 Heborrowedthebook2weeksago He thebookfor2weeks 3 Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago He themotorbikeforamonth 4 Hearrivedherethreedaysago He heresincethreedaysago 5 Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago Thelight for2hours 6 Helefthere2yearsago He fromherefor2years 7 Thefilmbegan30minutesago Thefilm for30minutes 8 Theyopenedthedooranhourago Thedoor foranhour 9 Theyclosedthedooranhourago Thedoor foranhour 10 Hejoinedthearmylastyear He a forayear He thearmyforayear It ayear hejoinedthearmy 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 Hedied10yearsago Hehasbeendeadfor10years since10yearsago 2 Heborrowedthebook2weeksago Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks 3 Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth 4 Hearrivedherethreedaysago Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago 5 Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours 6 Helefthere2yearsago Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years 7 Thefilmbegan30minutesago Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes 8 Theyopenedthedooranhourago Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour 9 Theyclosedthedooranhourago Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour 10 Hejoinedthearmylastyear Hehasbeenasoldierforayear Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 keys for和since的运用since表 自从 以来 1 since 时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o clock 2 since 时间段 agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago 3 since 从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere for 时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks 例如 for 长达 1 Hehasstayedherefor3hours 2 Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago 3 Hehasstayedheresince3o clock 4 HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere Fillintheblankswith for or since Wehavehadthenewcomputer aweek HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish IhavestudiedEnglish Iwasfive 3 Howlonghashetaughtinthisschool Hehastaughtinthisschool 1998 4 Howlonghaveyouknowneachother Wehaveknowneachother overtenyears 5 Howlonghaveyoukeptyourpetdog Ihavekeptit twoyearsago Ihavekeptit twoyears since since for since for for JameshasbeeninCanada Monday JameshasbeeninCanada fourdays JamescametoCanadafourdays MyaunthaslivedinBrazil 15years MyauntmovedtoBrazil15years ShehaslivedinBrazil 15years Mikehasbeeninhospital October Mikehasbeeninhospital twomonthsMikecametothehospitaltwomonths Hehasbeeninhospital twomonths 填上since for或者ago since for ago for ago sinceago since for ago sinceago Theygotmarriedsixmonths Theyhasbeenmarried sixmonths Theyhavebeenmarried 6months IfirstmetSusantwoyears IhaveknownSusan twoyears IhaveknownSusan twoyearsago Sueisintheoffice She sbeenthere threehours Suecametotheofficethreehours Suehasbeenintheoffice 3hours ago for sinceago ago for since for ago sinceago havegonetohavebeentohavebeenin 去了某地 不在这里 曾经去过某地 已回来 呆在某地 多长时间 Sheisn there Shehasgonetothereading room ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice once before ShehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears have has goneto意为 到某地去了 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中 总之 说话时该人不在现场 一般不用第一 第二人称代词作句子的主语 WhereisTom 汤姆在哪里 Hehasgonetothebookshop 他到书店去了 FatherhasgonetoHongKong He llbebackinaweek 爸爸到香港去了 一星期后回来 II have has beento表示 曾经去过某地 现在已经不在那里了 可以与just ever never等连用 Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice 我刚刚去过邮局 TimhasneverbeentotheGreatWall 玛丽从未去过长城 HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou 你曾经去过杭州吗 have has beento后面可接次数 表示去过某地几次 IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes 我去过北京三次 TheyhavebeentothatHappyValleysseveraltimes 他们去过欢乐谷好几次了 have has beenin表示 在某地呆多长时间 常与表示一段时间的状语连用 Mr BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了 TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears 他们到加拿大有五年了WehavebeeninShenzhenMiddleSchoolJuniorCampusforovertwomonths 我们在深中初中部两个多月了 用have hasgoneto have hasbeento或have hasbeenin填空 1 Billisonholidayatthemoment He Spain hasgoneto 2 Where sLily She snothere Ithinkshe tothebank hasgoneto 3 Hello Sue Where you you thebank havebeen Havebeento 4 Timisinhopital He hospitalforfivedays hasbeenin 5 Howlong she England She EnglandsinceMonday forthreedays hasbeenin hasbeento 6 Myfather Shanghaitwice hasbeenin 7 Ican findSusan Where she 8 Oh HelloSusan Iwaslookingforyou Where you hasgone havebeen already和yet的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末 yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末 但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句 例如 1 Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome work 2 Tomhasn tfinishedhishomeworkyet 3 What Haveyoualreadyfinishedit Shallweeatlunch Iam hungry Haveyoumetourforeignteacher No not Hasthebellrung Yes Ithas rung Thecomputerhasnotbeenrepaired Wehave changedtheplanbecauseLindahasn tmadeuphermind Haveyouorderedthetakeawayfood Yes Wehave orderedit already yet yet yet already already yet yet already yet Fillinalreadyoryetwhenneeded Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences 1 Tomhasgotupforhalfanhour 2 LiuMeihasjoinedtheLeagueforthreeyears 3 Thetrainhasreachedthestationsince10minutesago 4 Thelittlegirlhasfallenasleepforfourhours 5 Whenhaveyoucleanedtheclassroom It scleannow 6 Howlonghaveyoucaughtacold 7 Shehasgottenlettersfromhermothersincelastweek 火眼金睛 beenup beenin beenat beenasleep did clean had had Multiplechoice 1 Hasyourbrotherfoundhislostcar No hehasn t A stillB alreadyC justD yet 2 Thevisitors hereforaweek A haveleftB havecomeC havearrivedD havebeen 3 Where you alltheseyears Jim A have beenB did beC were beenD did stay 4 I ve thisdictionary ayear A bought forB had forC bought sinceD had since D D A B 5 You herebefore you A neverare areB nevercame doC haveneverbeen haveD werenever were 6 Thedoctor toBeijingtwice A hasgoneB hasbeenC wentD goes 7 Mymotherhas madeabigmooncakeherself A alreadyB yetC justD always 8 MrGreenisnolongerworkinghere He hereforamonth A hasgoneB hasleftC hasbeenawayfromD left C B A C 9