MUN模拟联合国资料

1 立场文件 取材 2009 年北大模联 Delegate YangYI Yuanmeng HUANG School ShanghaiNo 3GirlsHighSchool Country Tuvalu Committee UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram UNEP TopicA ExploitationofNaturalResourcesinAntarctic With increasing discoveries made and technologies developed the exploitation of Antarctica has become an international hot spot Our exporation of Antarctica has never ceased we aresimply eager to step on to that mysterious yet sacred white land covered with snow all year long to do researches or to carry out further exploitation Many countries have built up scientific stations on this continent and have gradually made their dreams come true Thanks to the constant efforts of the international community we have already made facts like there are more than 220 sorts of mineral resources in Antarctic and the amount of reserved flammable ice beneath the ice sheet is the sum of all the fossil fuels all over theworld which could replace coal and petroleum as a new environment friendly energy resource come true So now the importance and the necessity of peaceful and rational exploitation of these resources have gradually emerged And Tuvalu firmly believes that should these resources be used properly they would be evangel to all those suffering from the energy crisis 1 One important ally of Tuvalu the UK has claimed 100 Esq Sea territories near the Antarctica which incurred many disputes from the countries near the Antarctica Not only UK though many other countries such as Chile Argentina France Norway have claimed territories in Antarctica as well Russian Federation even dispatched 153 times scientific groups to Antarctica to do research discover and built basements However the territorial conflicts in Antarctic is not simply about territory itself it is also about showing off certain countries power Now there are many treaties and protocols dealing with this issue but few of them are effective And the poor Antarctic Treaty can only be regarded as a byproduct of the cold war which froze many droids in Antarctic and forbid the exploitation in Antarctica and the territory claims Yet it is very clear that not all of these items are rational Tuvalu supports the exploitation of Antarctic resources and we believe that Antarctica belongs to the entire human race which of course includes us Tuvalu 2 Tuvalu is we hope to participate the inner conferences of the related countries to get more benefits for our citizens Therefore Tuvalu suggests that the international community hold discussions based on the Svalbard Treaty 1925 to exploit Antarctic resources protect its environment and as well to pay less attention to military and economic concerns Also as one of the least developed countries in the world we have extremely limited capability for thorough exploitation We will simply use the resources of Antarctica to meet domestic needs The exploitation of the Antarctic is a mainstream trend of our time So Tuvalu suggests all countries be united to together figure out a rational environment friendly and sustainable way to exploit Antarctic and to protect it Tuvalu is willing to cooperate with other developed alliance such as Australia Japan and UK during this UNEP conference to sign related joint communiqu to help 1 http www fduimun org bbs dispbbs asp boardid 12 firstly through increased mortality to target and non target species particularly at juvenile life history stages and secondly through alteration of food webs by supplying increased levels of food to scavenging organisms on the sea floor and to sea birds So in addition to efforts to reduce the amount of bycatch caught in nets we also appeal to implement programs to effectively utilize bycatch species rather than throwing the fish back into the ocean One such use of bycatch is the formulation of fish hydrolysate that can be used as a soil amendment in organic agriculture W orking P aper Sample 2 Committee International Fishery Committee Topic some solutions summary Sponsors Uruguay Guatemala Ecuador Panama Nicaragua Brazil Costa Rica The following is summary of the common views of Latin American countries above Overfishing Solutions Summary A Raise awareness using following ways 1 Build morality education by public propagandas 2 Build professional education to fishermen by science knowledge popularization Enhance poor management 3 reduce fishing capacity by restricting large amount fishing to levels that marine system can sustain 4 Prohibit catching little fishes to allow over exploited fish populations to recover 5 Raise artificial baby fishes 6 Prohibit catching endangered and valuable fishes by demarcating no fishing areas to ensure the biodiversity 7 set restrictions on commercial fishing 8 establish specific legislation to restrict overfishing establish heavy legislation to ensure the conduction of management 9 improve supervision system 10 urges the local government to work on the issues efficiently and transparently By catching Solutions Summary 1 Each relevant government definites the by catching quota based on each country s ocean resource And the quota should be ratified by UN 2 Modify the fishing instruments to reduce unwanted catch For example outfit nets with trap door to let turtles escape in shrimp catching 大家一起来模联 东北一狂人著 21 control the size of the nets openings 3 Restrict fishing capacity for example 1 ton or 1000 heads no matter what are your target fishes 4 Effectively utilize by catching fishes rather than throwing them back into the sea Because by catching is inevitable and the majority of the returned by catching fishes are dead or dying Solutions to El Nino impacts on fishery Background El Nino causes heavy decline of fish production resulting in the enormous economic losses of these countries whose GDP consists a large proportion of fishery Solutions 1 utilize the previously mentioned monitoring system in working paper 1 3 to forecast more effectively El Nino phenomenon 2 compensate for the loss brought about by El Nino a modifications of annual fishery investment according to the estimation from the monitoring system b humanitarian aids to disaster struck countries are indispensable Biodiversity Background Biodiversity is a resource with enormous potential both for intellectual and economic purposes and as an instrument for a country s development Each species of course including fishes plays a role in nature and interacts with other species and its environment So biodiversity is worth concerning by every country Solutions 1 Set up international oceanic gene pool and enhance cooperation among associations 2 Encourage responsible countries to establish relevant laws for the conservation and sustainable use of oceanic bio diversity 3 improve social participation by publicizing 4 appeals for cooperation on bio diversity technology and management expertise 3 决议草案 Draft Resolution 1 1 Committee General Assembly Topic Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country 大家一起来模联 东北一狂人著 22 Sponsors Argentina Germany Japan South Africa The United States of America Signatories Azerbaijan Brazil Bangladesh Barbados Croatia Denmark Greece Hungary Italy Jamaica Zimbabwe etc The General Assembly Having considered the report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country Recalling article 105 of the Charter of the United Nations the Convention on the privileges and immunities of the United Nations the agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations and the responsibility of the host country Recalling also that in accordance with paragraph 7 of General Assembly resolution 2819 XXVI of 15 December 1971 the Committee should consider and advise the host country on issues arising in connection with the implementation of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations Recognizing that effective measures should continue to be taken by the competent authorities of the host country in particular to prevent any acts violating the security of missions and the safety of their personnel 1 Endorses the recommendations and conclusions of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country contained in paragraph 86 of its report 2 Considers that the maintenance of appropriate conditions for the normal work of the delegations and the missions accredited to the United Nations and the observance of their privileges and immunities which is and issue of great importance are in the interest of the United Nations and all Member States and requests the host country to continue to solve trough negotiations problems that might arise and to take all measures necessary to prevent any interference with the functioning of missions and urges the host country to continue to take appropriate action such as training of police security customs and border control officers with a view to maintaining respect for diplomatic privileges and immunities and if violations occur to ensure that such cases are properly investigated and remedied in accordance with applicable law 3 Notes the problems experienced by some permanent missions in connection with the implementation of the Parking Programme for Diplomatic Vehicles and shall remain seized of the matter with a view to continuing to maintain the proper implementation of the Parking Programme in a manner that is fair non discriminatory effective and therefore consistent with international law and also notes the decision of the Committee to conduct another review of the implementation of the Programme during the sixty first session of the General Assembly and subject to its outcome will proceed accordingly 大家一起来模联 东北一狂人著 23 4 Requests the host country to consider removing the remaining travel restrictions notes that during the reporting period some travel restrictions previously imposed by the host country on staff of certain missions and staff members of the Secretariat of certain nationalities were removed and in this regard notes the positions of affected States as reflected in the report of the Committee of the Secretary General and of the host country 6 Notes that a number of delegations have requested shortening the time frame applied by the host country for issuance of entry visas to representatives of Member States since this time frame poses difficulties for the full fledged participation of Member States in United Nations meetings 7 Expresses its appreciation for the efforts made by the host country and hopes that the issues raised at the meetings of the Committee will continue to be resolved in a spirit of cooperation and in accordance with international law 8 Affirms the importance of the Committee in being in a position to fulfill its mandate and meet on a short notice to deal with urgent and important matters concerning the relations between the United Nations and the host country and in that connection requests the Secretariat and the Committee on Conferences to accord priority to requests of the Committee on the Relations with the Host Country for conference servicing facilities for meetings of that Committee that must be held while the General Assembly and its main committees are meeting without prejudice to the requirement of those bodies and on an as available basis 9 Requests the Secretary General to