L6 现在完成时和过去完成时.doc

中小学个性化辅导专家巨人教育辅导讲义学员编号（卡号）： 年 级： 第 次课学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 教师：课 题 现在完成时和过去完成时授课时间：备课时间： 教学目标1. 掌握现在完成时和过去完成时的用法；2. 掌握单词：detective n.侦探 airport n.机场 expect v.期待 valuableadj.贵重的 parcel n.包裹 diamond n.钻石 steal v.偷（stole, stolen） main adj.主要的 airfield n.飞机起落的场地 guard n.警戒，守卫 precious adj.珍贵的 stone n.石子 sand n.沙子 重点、难点现在完成时和过去完成时考点及考试要求掌握现在完成时和过去完成时的用法教学内容An exciting trip I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. From New Concept English lesson 7一、 分析短文An exciting tripexciting a.令人兴奋的, 使人激动的This news is very exciting .excited a.（自己）感到兴奋的We are very excited about this news. interesting 有趣的 interesting novelinterested （人对物）感兴趣的surprising adj.令人惊讶的surprised adj.(人)感到惊讶的1. I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.（1）Receive: vt. 接到，收到，得到你什么时候收到的那封信？When did you receive that letter? vt. 招待，接待如果你要招待这么多客人的话，你需要一个大房间。You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.Receive 强调动作（2）Accept：接受,情感上的接受翻译：今天早上我收到了一个男孩送给我的一束花，但是我并没有接受。This morning I a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I didnt it.同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。e.g. 这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。This is John, one of my best friends. e.g. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。Mrs. Smith, my neighbor, has never been abroad. 2. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. has been + 地点 + for + 时间 在某地多长时间e.g. 他已经在北京一年了。He has been in Beijing for one year.翻译：他已经在美国呆了两年了。 我已经到达北京了。I have arrived in Beijing. arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用练习：1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. beenHave/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别Have/ has been to :去过某地，（已经回来，或者不在那里。）Have/has gone to: 去某地（正在路上，或正在那里，此刻不在这里。)2. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been3. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to3. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. （1）work for 在上班/任职，强调work “工作”我在学校任职。I am working for a school.work in 强调“地点”（在哪个地方上班）我在医院工作。I am working in the hospital.（2）a great number of+可数名词 a great amount of+不可数名词4. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. （同位语）5. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth.Soon：很快，指不久就要发生的动作。强调时间上的短暂。Fast: （速度）很快。强调速度快。Quickly: 很快，指动作本身迅速。强调动作敏捷。练一练1. She speaks very .2. He got up and went on running.3. She runs than I.4. They will be back .5. The grass there grows how soon, how long都含有how，并且都和“多长时间、多久”有关，但它们的用法不相同。 how soon意为“还要多久”，是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问，常用在一般将来时态的句子中，其答语通常是“in + 一段时间”。 How soon can you finish the work? 还要多久你能完成这项工作？ In half an hour. 半小时后。 how long意为“多久、多长时间”，主要是对一段时间进行提问，答语通常是（for）three days/weeks/months等时间段，它可用于各种时态。How long do you stay in Beijing every year? 每年你在北京住多久？ 6. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.find作“发现”、“发觉”, 常带补足语（一般为形容词），说明宾语的状况、性质等。动词+宾语+补语find +宾语+形容词做宾补例句：当我回到家的时候，我发现房间很干净。When I returned home, I found the room clean.她发现婴儿还在睡She found her baby still asleep.语法点分析：现在完成时1. 定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。2. 构成：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 + 其它.3. 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词的过去分词 + 其它.4. 疑问句: have/has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 +其它5. 用法（四种）：（1） 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例句：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. （过去的时间收到一封信，接下来可能会提到信上的内容，说明收到信的这个动作对现在有影响。）翻译：我已经通过驾照考试并拿到了驾照了。I have passed the driving exam and got a driving license. （2） 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能持续下去。例句：He has been there for six months.翻译：我已经学了六年的英语了。I have studied English for six years.（3） 在时间或者条件状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。例句：Tim will not be so excited if he has been to Australia before. 翻译： 我忙完工作就去图书馆找你。I will see you in the library as soon as I have finished my work.（4） It has been + 一段时间 +since 从句（从句是用一般过去时）。例句：It has been six months since Tim went to Australia.翻译：玛丽生病到现在已经三天了。It has been three days since Mary was ill.练一练：1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know2、I_ a letter from him since he left（天津市） Adidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard 3、Where have you _ these days？ I have_ to Dazhu with my friends Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone4、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago5、His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in6、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been6. 现在完成时的标志（1） 以already, just，ever，never和yet为标志Already表示“已经”。用在陈述句中，放在have/has之后，有时也放在句末。Already也可用语疑问句中，但通常放在句末, 表示希望得到肯定的回答或者表示诧异。Just表示“刚刚”，通常放在have/has之后。e.g. I have already/just finished my homework.Have you finished your homework yet?翻译： 她已经找到了她的自行车。She has already found her bike.她已经找到了她的自行车了？Has she found her bike yet?Ever, never, yet常用语否定句或疑问句中。Ever用语疑问句中，表示“曾经”, 放在have/has之后。e.g. Have you ever been to Australia?翻译：你唱过这首英文歌吗？Have you ever sung this English song?Never用语否定句中，意为“从不”，放在have/has后面。e.g.I have never been to Beijing.e.g. I havent found my ruler yet. （yet用于否定句，译为“还”）Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到尺子了吗？（可用于疑问句，译为“已经”）(2) 以for + 一段时间、in + 一段时间为标志e.g. Zhao Lan has already studied in this school for two years .The famous writer has written one new book in the past two years .（3）以动作发生的次数为标志例句：He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。（4）以so far（到目前为止）、before为标志例句：He has got to Beijing so far.I have never been to Australia before.练一练：1. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish2、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 3、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better过去完成时的用法1. 定义：过去完成时主要用来指过去某一特定时间以前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。2. 构成：“had + 过去分词”。常与过去完成时连用的标志性时间状语有：by 1999, by the end of last year, at the age of, before then, until(till) then, by then.3. 用法：(1) 过去某一时间或某一动作前已发生的动作或存在的状态e.g. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Tim had had lots of jobs.I had just finished half of the work by yesterday. Jane had left before I arrived.翻译：她来这个机构前已经学过一些英语。She had learned some English before she came to the institute.(2) 过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与until， by, before, by the end of, for, since等引导的时间状语连用。e.g. It was the fastest Id seen him move since 1964. 那是自1964年以来我所看到过的他走得最快的一次。It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days.By then he had learned English for 3 years. 翻译：到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 Until then he had know nothing about it yet.(3) 表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。hope, wish，want, mean, intend, attempt, think, except等表示“打算，计划，希望，试图，认为”等动词用过去完成时时，表示“本打算（本计划、本希望、本认为）”，而事实并未做。e.g. I had hoped to be back, but I didnt catch the train.I had intended to come to the party, but I was busy. The boy had meant to come in but the teacher refused him.翻译：我本想帮你的，但是当时我太忙了。 I had meant to see you, but I was too busy at that moment. (4) 用于某些特殊的句式中1） It / That was the first/second that结构中，that 后的从句用过去完成时。e.g. It was the second time that she had found the tracks of the wild man. 2） 在“no soonerthan”, “hardly/scarcelywhen”等句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用一般过去时， no sooner或hardly、scarcely置于句首主要部分倒装：e.g. I had hardly got home when the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盘而下。No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away. 小偷一看到警察就跑开了。三、课后作业I. 选择题 1. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone答案：B have gone to 是去了某地还没有回来，现在在去某地的途中或是在某地，have been to是去了某地已经回来了。按照这个对话内容，应该是Kate 回来了，别人才问她去了哪里。2. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died答案：dead 是形容词，前用动词be而现在完成时就结构 have/ has + 过去分词，所以用 has been dead, 而不用 has gone dead.been dead 表示的是一种状态后面可接时间，如果用gone就表示他的爷爷在这2年之间不停地死，是一种动作的重复。相似的有have been married for 多少年，如果用got married 就表示2年之间不停地结婚，是短暂性动。Die: 死（不及物动词，强调动作，是瞬间动词）His father died five years ago. 他父亲去世五年了。die可以用于进行时态，表示“即将死去；奄奄一息”。例如： He is dying. 他快要死了。die 的形容词形式是dead，意为“死的”，可作表语或定语。作表语时，表示状态。例如：His dog has been dead for two weeks. 他的狗已死了两周了。 The ground was covered with dead flowers. 地上覆盖着凋落的花。 die的名词形式是death，意为“死亡”。例如：His mothers death was a great blow to him. 他母亲的去世对他是一个巨大的打击。3. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for答案：B It is + 一段时间 + since = It has been + 一段时间 + since4. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached答案：D have reached “到达”； have got“有”；have gone to “去了”； have been to “去过”。5.Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying答案：C “for+一段时间”是现在完成时的标志。6.We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew答案：C 句意：从她还是个小女孩的时候我们就已经认识她了。C 表示“已经认识”用现在完成时have known.7.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see答案： B。 twice 表达的是次数，用现在完成时。8.These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 答案：B 现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。9.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made答案：B10.How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived答案：A 回答是“大约两个月”，表示一段时间，所以提问应用延续性动词表示状态。因此只有A选项符合答案。14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began答案：C11. It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was答案：A It is some time(一段时间) + since引导的时间状语从句= It has been some time(一段时间) + since引导的时间状语从句该固定句型意思是“自从.以来已经多久时间了”。2. 其中要求since引导的从句必须采用一般过去时，而主句是一般现在时或现在完成时。12. Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been答案：A 13. The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they答案： D 反义疑问句的原则“前肯后否，前否后肯”。14. has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came