博大考神2012年职称英语考试综合类A级阅读理解试题分析.doc

博大考神2012年职称英语考试综合类A级阅读理解试题分析收集：博大教育专家 来源：/article-5496.html?page=3第四部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇DNA testingDNA testing reveals the genes of each individual person. Since the early twentieth century scientists have known that all human characteristics are contained in a persons genes and are passed from parents to children. Genes work as a chemical instruction manual for each part and each function of the body. Their basic chemical element is called DNA, a copy of which can be found in every cell. The existence of genes and the chemical structure of DNA were understood by the mid-1900s, but scientists have only recently been able to identify a person from just a drop of blood or a single hair.One of the most important uses of DNA testing is in criminal investigation. The very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain, when a man confessed to killing a young woman in the English countryside. Because police had found samples of the killers DNA at the scene of the crime, a biologist suggested that it might be possible to compare that DNA to some from the confessors blood. To everyones surprise, the tests showed that he was not the killer. Nor was he guilty of a similar murder that had happened some time earlier. At that point he admitted that he had confessed to the crimes out of fear and police pressure. The police then asked 5,000 local men for samples of their blood, and DNA testing revealed that one of them was the real murderer, so the first man was set free.In 1992, two law professors, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoners. With the help of their students, they created a not-for-profit organization called the Innocence Project. Most of their clients are poor men, many from racial and ethnic minorities. In fact, studies have shown that U.S. judges and juries are often influenced by racial and ethnic background, and that people from minority groups are more likely to be convicted. Some of these men had been sentenced to death, a form of punishment used in thirty eight states out of fifty (as of 2006)。 For most of these prisoners, their only hope was another trial in which DNA testing could be used to prove their innocence.Between 1992 and 2006, the Innocence Project helped free 100 men. Some of these prisoners had been in jail for ten, twenty years or more for crimes they did not commit. However, the goal of the Innocence Project is not simply to set free those who are wrongfully in jail. They also hope to bring about real changes in the criminal justice system.Illinois in the late 1990s, a group of journalism students at Northwestern University were able to bring about such a change in that state. They began investigating some Illinois prisoners who claimed to be innocent. Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crimes they had been accused of. Thirteen of these men were set free, and in 2000, Governor Ryan of Illinois decided to stop carrying out death sentences until further study could be made of the prisoners cases.The use of DNA in criminal cases is still being debated around the world. Some fear that governments will one day keep records of everyones DNA, which could put limits on the privacy and freedom of citizens. Other people mistrust the science of DNA testing and think that lawyers use it to get their clients free whether or not they are guilty. But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free men, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.31.What is the main idea of this passage?A.DNA testing has changed the American legal system.B.DNA testing has helped innocent men go free in Illinois.C.DNA testing uses genetics to identify a person.D.DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.【分析】这道题考查主旨大意，采用查读、归纳法技巧。第一步：本题考查的是文章的主旨大意。其标志为：main idea。第二步：阅读每一段的首尾部分，重点是文章的第一段和最后一段，文章最后两句说：But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free man, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.这说明，本文主要在讲解DNA测试法在当今犯罪侦查中扮演着重要的作用。本题答案为D选项。32.DNA testing was first used in a criminal case byA.a lawyer in New YorkB.students in IllinoisC.doctors in the United StatesD.police in Great Britain【分析】这道题采用查读法技巧。第一步：划出题干的信息词：first，criminal case。第二步：信息词回归原文：the very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain.because police had found samples of the killers DNA 第三步：对比题干选项和原文信息，原文明确给出了第一次被英国的警察使用。Great Britain和police为关键信息词，D选项表达的意思和原文一致，所以本题的答案选择D选项。33.The innocence project uses DNA testing toA.set free innocent prisonerB.help the police put people in prisonC.find out which lawyer are incompetentD.prove that suspects are guilty【分析】这道题采用查读法技巧。第一步：划出题干的信息词：innocence project。第二步：信息词回归原文：in 1992, two law professors, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoner. They created a organization called the innocence project.第三步：对比题干选项和原文信息，原文说的是set free such mistakenly convicted prisoner.释放被误判的罪犯。原文当中的mistakenly convicted和A选项中的innocent为同义改写，既然是误判的，那么说这个人就是清白的，是innocent的。尤其可以确定本题答案为A选项。34.Some students in Northwestern UniversityA.proved some prisoners were not guiltyB.believed some suspects were from ethnic groupsC.told the governors of Illinois not to free the prisonersD.showed DNA testing was not always reliable【分析】这道题采用查读法技巧。第一步：划出题干的信息词：Northwestern University。第二步：信息词回归原文：The students (at Northwestern University)proved that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crime they had been accused of.第三步：对比题干选项和原文信息，原文明确说明了proved that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crime，这和选项中A选项基本一样，属于A-A的回归。由此可以确定本题答案为A选项。35.What is the authors attitude toward DNA testing?A.NegativeB.PositiveC.SuspiciousD.Indifferent【分析】这道题采用查读法技巧。第一步：这这道题问的是作者的态度，从整篇文章来看，本文主要讲了DNA测试在犯罪侦查当中的积极作用，同时来举了例子，比如Northwestern University的一些学生用DNA测试来证明了一个人的清白。既然是有效，积极的东西，当然是应该要支持的，选项中表示支持、赞成的词为Positive。由此可以确定本题答案为B选项。【综合分析】：【题型分析】31题为主旨大意题，32-34题为细节题，35题为作者态度题。【技巧分析】31题的主旨题，主要通过略读，跳读等技巧，重点寻找有帮助的句子，比如这道题目当中，文章的最后两句对于解题就非常有帮助。32题和34题为细节题，非常的简单，选项和原文几乎是一样的，属于典型的A-A的回归。33题有一定的难度，需要一点理解技巧，属于比较简单的A-B的回归。35题考查的是作者的态度，其中四个备选项的词也是非常简单非常常见的。这道题目通过前面几个题的做题也就可以判断出来作者对于DNA testing是赞同的，支持的。【难度分析】31题可以放在最后面来做，先做32-34题这三个细节题。其中，32题，34题是简单题目，33题，35题是中等题目，31题由于考查的是主旨，所以比较难，属于偏难题目。总体上看，这篇阅读阅读理解要得上9分是非常非常容易，如果有一定的技巧掌握，要得到12分，也是很容易的。第二篇Going Her Own WayWhen she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic finishing schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria -or her mother. By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the classical schools and the technical schools. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people - including Marias father - believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father sapproval. She finally did，with her mothers help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family. Marias father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her.In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.36. Maria wanted to attend _.A. a private finishing schoolB. a school teaching LatinC. a technical high schoolD. a school for art and music【分析】这道题采用查读法。第一步：题目信息是Maria，但是因为文章都是在叙述有关Maria的信息。所以这个特殊信息词就不能作为有效信息词。我们需要借助题干中的其他信息词进行回归。题干信息是attend，题目意思是Maria想上什么样的学校。第二步：信息词回归原文。信息词出现在第三段第一句：Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school.第三步：对比原文和题干选项信息。原文说Maria想上的是technical school。选项中C选项的意思是符合原文意思的。本题目答案是C。37. In those days, most Italian girls _.A. did not go to primary schoolB. did not go to high schoolC. went to finishing schoolsD. went to technical schools【分析】这道题采用查读法。第一步：题目的信息词是most Italian girls。第二步：信息词回归原文。信息词回归到第一段第三句：Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic finishing schools. 原文说的是很多女孩chose to stay home 即不再去学校了。第二段第二句也进一步说明：That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. 意思是这就意味着要要去读high school，这是很少女孩子做的。可见大部分的女孩子是不读high school的。第三步：对比原文和题目选项信息。选项中B选项不选择读高中，与原文意思相符。本题目的答案是B。38. Marias father probably _.A. had a traditional views about womenB. had a modem view about womenC. had no opinion about womenD. thought women could not learn Latin【分析】这道题采用查读法。第一步：题目信息词是Marias father。题目问Maria的父亲很可能如何?第二步：信息词回归原文。信息词回归到文章第三段最后一句：Most people-including Marias father-believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. 她的父亲和其他大部分的人一样，认为女孩子应该是永远不要去学那些学科，即工科学校的学科。可见她父亲和其他人一样，思想很传统。第三步：对比原文以及题干选项信息。原文说他父亲对于女性的看法很传统，选项A的意思是对女性的看法很传统，符合原文意思。本题目的答案是A。39. High school teachers in Italy in those days were very _.A. flexibleB. strictC. intelligentD. kind【分析】这道题采用查读法。第一步：题目的信息词是High school teachers。第二步：信息词回归原文。本题目信息词回归到原文最后一段最后一句：Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.原文中对老师的评价的词有demanding，并且纪律很strict严格，对于不合格和违规的学生的惩罚也很严厉(punishment was severe)。可见老师是很严格的。第三步：对比原文和题目选项意思。通过原文的描述我们知道学校的老师是很严格的。选项B的strict也出现在原文中，符合原文意思。本题目的答案是B。40. We can infer from this passage thatA. Marias parents liked her personalityB. Marias mother paid for her educationC. Maria was a girl of strong willD. Maria gave in under her fathers pressure.【分析】这道题采用查读法。第一步：这道题是一道推断题，考查的是对于整个文章的了解，通过前面几个题目，记忆对于文章的了解，我们可以知道文中的Maria是一个意志力很强的人，标题也说了Going Her Own Way，要走自己的路，不走父母安排好的路，那么这也说明这个女孩意志力非常坚强(strong will)，由此可以确定本题答案为C选项。【综合分析】：【题型分析】本篇文章的题目中，36题-39题均为细节题，40题为推断题。【技巧分析】36-40题都是使用查读法来解题的，其中40题需要一定的对与文章的了解。但是由于本篇文章是押中的题目，所以知道文章的主人公是一个意志坚强的人也是很自然的，加上对于文章标题的理解，也可以选出答案。还是使用查读法，只不过多了一点点的总结和分析要求。36题-39题只需要对于冲刺升级包预测点题 阅读理解一这一课有所学习，有适当的复习和记忆，这四个题目都是完全没有问题的。【难度分析】这篇文章是冲刺升级包课程中押中的文章，所以真题难度偏小，除了课程当中的第三题改成了这里的第五题，其他四个题目都没有修改考点。只对干扰项进行了一点改写，但是并没有改写正确答案的含义，只要记住了知识点助记，这4个题目是可以拿到12分的。对于最后一个题目，如果对文章内容比较熟悉，对于标题能够进行一定的理解，也是可以拿分的。总体上来看，这篇文章的题目，是绝对可以拿到12以上，加上一点点的记忆，是可以拿到满分15分的。第三篇Gross National HappinessIn the last century， new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan， however， was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read， and they did not know much about the outside world. Then， in 1972， a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern， but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP)。 The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases， people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased， the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH)。GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care， education， and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy， protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally， people are happier when they have a good， stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks， and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008， King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king， it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally， Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people， cultures， and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil， perhaps the rest of the world will follow.41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. A president.B. A Buddhist priest.C. A general.D. A king.【分析】这道题采用查读法技巧。第一步：本题采用查读法，我们首先找到题干的信息词为：Jigme Singye Wangchuck。题干问的是：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是谁?第二步：我们接下来将信息词回归到原文中的第一段最后一句：Then， in 1972， a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions.第三步：我们最后对比信息和选项，选项A的king直接出现在原文中(a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck)，所以本题的正确答案为D选项。42. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make its population grow.B. To keep it separate from the world.C. To encourage its people to get rich.D. To keep its tradition and customs.【分析】这道题采用查读法技巧。第一步：本题采用查读法，我们首先找到题干的信息词为：moderizing Bhutan，moderizing Bhutan。题干问的是：除了moderizing Bhutan，Wangchuck还想for Bhutan做什么?第二步：根据信息词及顺序出题原则，我们接下来将信息词回归到原文中的第一段最后一句：Then， in 1972， a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern， but without losing its traditions. 原文说的是Wangchuck决定帮助Bhutan变得modern，但是又不失传统(without losing its traditions)。即：除了变得modern，还想保持传统。第三步：我们最后对比信息和选项，选项D的keep its tradition and customs(保持传统和风俗)于原文是一致的，所以本题的正确答案为D选项。本题的解题重点是关于without losing its traditions和without losing its traditions的同义转换。43. A country shows its progress with GNP byA. selling more products.B. spending more money.C. spending less money.D. providing more jobs.【分析】这道题采用查读法技巧。第一步：本题采用查读法，我们首先找到题干的信息词为：progress with GNP。题干问的是：国家通过_来显示GNP的增长?第二步：根据信息词及顺序出题原则，我们接下来将信息词回归到原文中的第二段前半部分：King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP)。 The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. 原文说的是当卖的产品数量增加了(the number of products sold increases)，国家就在making progress。第三步：我们最后对比信息和选项，选项A的selling more products表示的卖掉更多的产品，和原文的the number of products sold increases是同义改写，其中sell是动词形式的卖，而sale是名词形式的卖，所以本题的正确答案为A选项。本题的解题重点是关于题干和原文的同义改写。44. According to GNH, people are happier if theyA. have new tecnology.B. can change their religion.C. have a good, stable government.D. have more money.【分析】这道题采用查读法技巧。第一步：本题采用查读法，我们首先找到题干的信息词为：happier。题干问的是：根据GNP，如果_人们就更幸福。第二步：根据信息词及顺序出题原则，我们接下来将信息词回归到原文中的第三段：People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.第三步：我们最后对比信息和选项，选项A的selling more products表示的卖掉更多的产品，和原文的the number of products sold increases是同义改写，其中sell是动词形式的卖，而sale是名词形式的卖，所以本题的正确答案为A选项。本题的解题重点是关于题干和原文的同义改写。45. Today, many