高二英语必修五unit1笔记整理.doc

此文档收集于网络，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除必修五英语笔记整理unit1Unit 1characteristic adj. 特有的;独特的;表示特性的;显示的特征的 n. 特性，特征，特色character n. 性格;角色;特点;字母 vt. 刻，印;使具有特征 painter n. 画家，着色者;油漆匠;（系船的）缆绳;破诡计paint n. 颜料，涂料;绘画作品;胭脂等化妆品;色彩，装饰 vt. 绘画;涂色于;（用语言，文字等）描写;擦脂粉等 vi. 描绘;绘画;化妆 painting n. 绘画，油画，上色，着色，颜料，油漆put forward 提出，推荐，把钟表拨快，将某事提前表示提前的单词或短语：come up ；come up with ；bring up ；raiseThey put forward many suggestions at the meeting. 他们在会上提出了许多建议。Many suggestions came up at the meeting. 会议上提出了许多建议。Put your watch forward;it is five minutes slow. 把你的表拨快，它慢了五分钟。We have put forward our wedding by one week. 我们把婚礼提前了一个星期。attend vi. 出席;致力于，献身于;侍候，照顾;关注 vt. 出席，参加;常用被动语态（作为结果、情况）伴随;照顾;陪伴attention n. 注意，注意力;照料，关怀;殷勤attendant n. 服务人员，侍者;随从，随员;伴随物 adj. 伴随的，随之而产生的;出席的;护理的 attendance n. 出席率;出席，参加;出席者，出席人数 attend a meeting/a conference/a party/a wedding/a funeral/a concert/a lecture/a speech出席会议/大型会议/晚会/婚礼/葬礼/音乐会/讲座/演讲attend school/college 上学/上大学 没有“a”take part in the Olympics / the English competition 参加奥林匹克运动会/参加英语竞赛 participate in = join in 参加join us in our discussion 加入我们的讨论 join + sb/club/team/organization 加入 某人/俱乐部/团队/组织 Taking an active part in outdoor activities makes it possible for us to build up our bodies.积极参加户外活动使我们锻炼身体成了有可能的事。 Taking an active part in outdoor activities is of great benefit to our health.积极参加户外活动对我们的健康有很大好处。 The number of the people attending the meeting was 50.=The number of the people present at the meeting was 50.=The number of the people who attended the meeting was 50.出席会议的人数是50人。 The president was attended by some officials.总统被一些官员陪同。When his mother was in hospital,his family took turns to attend to her.他母亲住院时，他的家人轮流照顾她。 attend to 注意;处理;听取;致力于 Can you attend to the matter immediately?PS：in hospital 住院 in the hospital在医院 physician n. 医生，内科医生 surgeon n. 外科医生expose vt.揭露，揭发;使暴露;使遭受;使曝光 be exposed to 使显露；暴露Dont expose to yourself to the sun for too long,you will get sunburnt.不要让自己在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤。Being exposed to the sun for too long is harmful to our skins.长时间暴露在太阳下对我们的皮肤有害。 It is very dangerous to be exposed to these viruses without any protection.在没有任何保护的情况下接触这些病毒是非常危险的。cure vt. 治愈;矫正;解决;消除 treat v. 治疗;对待;处理;款待 （强调治疗过程） vi. 受治疗;被加工处理 n. 招待;款待;乐事;乐趣 n. 治愈;疗法;药物;措施 cure sb of sth 治愈某人某种疾病The doctor cured him of his cancer. 医生治好了他的癌症。 He has tried all kinds of cures,but without success. 他已试过各种疗法，但没有成功。 challenge n. 挑战;质疑;盘问;怀疑 vt. 质疑;向挑战 vi. 提出挑战，要求竞赛（或竞争）;驳斥 a challenging job 一个具有挑战性的工作 accept a challenge=take up a challenge 接受挑战face a challenge 面对挑战meet a challenge 迎接挑战give a challenge 给一个挑战 The school must meet the challenge of new technology. 学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。The job doesnt challenge her. 这份工作对她没有挑战。 This discovery challenge traditional beliefs. 这一发现挑战传统信仰。 absorb vt. 吸收（液体、气体等）;吸引（注意）;吞并，合并;忍受，承担（费用） be absorbed in 全神贯注于， 专心致志于;出神;只顾 Because the scientist was absorbed in his thoughts,he didnt notice what had happened before him.=Absorbed in his thoughts,he didnt notice what had happened before him.由于那位科学家全神贯注于他的思想，他没有注意到发生在他面前的事。 suspect vt. 猜疑（是）;怀疑，不信任;怀疑有罪 n. 嫌疑犯 vi. 怀疑 adj. 可疑的suspect sb of sth 怀疑某人做某事 The police suspected the young man of stealing the womans cellphone.The young man was suspected of stealing the womans cellphone.blame I,rather then you,am to blame. 是我，而不是你，应该受到责备。 The mother didnt who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child.Mary blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.=Marys husband was to blame for the failure of their marriage.=Mary blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.玛丽把婚姻失败归咎于她丈夫。 blame sb for sth 因为某事责备某人blame sth on sb 把责任归咎于某人sb be to blame 某人应该受到责备handle n. 手柄;（织物、毛皮等的）手感;举动;柄状物 vi. 操作，操控;容易搬运 vt. 用双手触摸、举起或握住;用手操作，操纵;处理或负责，管理;美买卖，经营 I am not sure if I can handle such a powerful car.我不知道我是否可以操纵这样一个威力大的汽车。link n. 环，节;计算机链接;关联，关系 vt. 连结;挽住，勾住 vi. 用环连接;联系在一起 be linked to(介词) 与有关=have sth to do with=be related to=be connected toHeart disease can be linked to smoking. 心脏病可能与吸烟有关。announce vi. 宣布参加竞选;当播音员 vt. 宣布;述说;声称;预告 announcement n. 宣告;通告;布告;预告 announcer n. 播音员;宣告者make an announcement 发布公告 announce sth to sb 向某人宣布某事 announce + that从句 It is announce that. 宣布 It is announced that the flight will be delayed. 人们被告知航班将推迟。The news was announced to public on TV. 电视上宣布了这一消息。 Please be quiet,I have an announcement to make. 请安静，我有一个通知要宣布。The bell rang,announcing the end of the class. 铃声响了，宣布这节课结束了His servant announced Mr and Mrs Smith. 他的仆人通知史密斯夫妇客人到达。Warm sunshine announces the coming of Spring. 温暖的阳光预示着春天的来临。instruct vt. 通知;命令;教，讲授;教导，指导 instruction n. 授课;教诲;传授的或获得的知识，课程;计算机科学指令 instructor n. 指导者，教师responsible adj. 负有责任的;尽责的;承担责任;懂道理的 responsibility n. 责任;职责;负责任;责任感，责任心 be responsible for. 对负责bear the heavy responsibility 承担重任；肩负重任construct vt. 构成;修建，建造;创立;数作图 n. 结构（物）;构想;概念 construction n. 建造;建筑物;解释;建造物 under construction （正在）修建中contribute vt.& vi. 贡献出;捐赠（款项）;投稿（给杂志等）;出力 contribute to v. 有助于;促成 ;捐献;投稿 make a contribution to 为作出贡献 He contributes a lot of money to the church. 他向教会捐赠了很多钱。Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. 充足的新鲜空气有助于身体健康。 She regularly contributes to the college magazine. 她经常给校刊投稿。 We should do whatever we can to make a great contribution to our country. 我们应该尽我们所能为我们的国家做出巨大的贡献。 apart from 除去;脱离;除此之外（表示除以外别无）;撇开来说（表示除以外尚有）Apart from being fun and exercise,swimming is a very useful skill.除了有趣和锻炼外，游泳也是一项非常有用的技能。 apart from除外= besides, = in addition to. = other than = except = as well ascreative adj. 创造性的，有创造力的;有创意的，创新的，创造的 n.（非正式）创意人士 create vt. 产生;创造，创作;封爵，把封为（贵族） vi. 英俚大发脾气，大发牢骚 create a friendly atmosphere 营造友好气氛 co-operative adj. 合作的；有协作精神的；愿意配合的;齐心协力的；合作进行的 n. 合作社；合作机构 cooperation n. 合作; 协作;配合;协助 cooperate well with sb 与某人合作得很好 (be) strict with 对严格的Our English teacher is strict with us in our study. 我们的英语老师对我们的学习很严格。 reject vt. 拒绝;排斥;抛弃，扔掉;吐出或呕吐 n. 被拒绝或被抛弃的人或事物 It is hard for him to reject his religious belief(s). 他放弃他的宗教信仰是很困难的。cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的;兢;恮;持重 be cautious about/with 对小心谨慎enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热心的;热烈的;狂热的 be enthusiastic about/for 对热心sense 短语a sense of achievement/happiness/responsibility/safety/pride/business 成就感/幸福感/责任感/安全感/自豪感/商业头脑common sense 常识make sense of. 搞清的意思Your story doesnt make any sense to me.你的故事对我毫无意义。 Put的短语总结put forward 提出，推荐，把钟表拨快，将某事提前put up vt. 张贴;举起;建造;提高 vi. 提供食宿;直接行动 put down 放下;镇压;记下;估计 put away 放好;收起来;储存;打消 put on 穿上;增加;上演;使运转 put up with 将就;忍受，容忍;容受;忍得住 put out 扑灭;伸出;生产;出版 put out a big fire 扑灭大火 put off 延期;敷衍;使分心;脱去（衣、帽等） delay + doing 推迟做某事 Break 的短语总结break out vt.& vi.（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然发生，爆发;突然发生，爆发;向外砸开break down 失败;划分（以便分析）;损坏;衰弱下来 break up 结束;（使）破碎;放假;（使）散开 break off （使）分离;（使）脱离;停止;断交 break away from 脱离（政党等），打破 break though 突破;穿透break in 打断;闯入;开始工作;（使）逐渐适用 break into 闯入;打断;突然做;把分成 ordinary adj. 普通的;一般的;平常的;平庸的 an ordinary farmer 一个普通的农民 common adj. 普通的;通俗的;数学公共的;共有的 common sense 常识 common practise 惯例have something in common with 和有共同之处 regular adj. 有规律的;规则，整齐的;不变的;合格的 regular visitors 常客 average adj. 平均的;平常的;典型的;（价值、比率等的）平均数的 on average 平均 general adj. 普遍的;大致的;综合的;总的，全体的 in general 一般来说 normal adj. 正常的;正规的，标准的return to normal 恢复正常 usual adj. 通常的，常有的，常见的;平常的，普通的not.until 直到才 I wont leave the school until the rain stops.直到雨停了，我才会离开学校。suggest用法小结1Suggest表示建议,用法如下：1)Suggest+ 名词/代词或suggest+名词/代词to+人,但不能说suggest sb sth ,即不能加双宾做宾语eg:We suggest him the plan ()但We suggest the plan to him()2）suggest+doing stheg He suggested going out for a walk.注意：suggest 不可以加不定式,所以上面的句子不可以这样写：He suggested to go out for a walk.()4suggest +(that )+主语+(should) do+sth 其中的should 可以省略eg:He suggested that you should go there tomorrow.=He suggested you go there tomorrow.注意,不可以这样说：He suggested you to go there tomorrow.也就是说suggest不可以加不定式的复合结构.5）it is suggested that +主语+(should )do sth eg:It is suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.6)suggestion做主语时,其后的表语从句也用这个结构即：The suggestion is that +主语+should +do stheg:His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.2.suggest 表示暗示或表明之意,注意此时做主语时后面的表语从句用陈述语气eg:Her yawn suggested that she was sleepy.她哈欠连天表明她困了.advise与suggest 都可作“建议”讲,二者用法有同有异.(1) 相同点 都可表示建议做某事,advise与suggest后面都可接名词/动名词/ that从句（should加动词原形,should可以省略）.例如：他建议（我们）再等一会儿.He advised/ suggested waiting a bit longer.He advised/ suggested (our) waiting a bit longer.He advised/ suggested that we (should) wait a bit longer.上面的第三句可转化为：It was suggested that we (should) wait a bit longer.What he suggested was that we (should) wait a bit longer.His suggestion was that we (should) wait a bit longer.(2)不同点advise后可以直接跟人称代词作宾语,如：advise sb.to do sth.; advise sb.against (doing) sth.; advise sb.on/ about sth.; 而suggest后一般用suggest to sb that 形式.如：他建议我们改天再来.正He advised us to come another day.误He suggested us to come another day.误He suggested us that we come another day.suggest还有“暗示、表明、指出（一个事实）”的意思.此时从句中用陈述语气,不用虚拟语气.如：Her expression suggested pleasure.她面露喜色.His silence could only suggest disapproval.他的沉默只能暗示反对. look短语1. look after 照顾，照料 2. look ahead 向前看,着眼未来3. look as if 看上去好像4. look at 看着5. look around/about 四处看看，四下环顾6. look back 回头看;回顾7. look down upon(on) 看不起,轻视8. loo