英语报刊阅读标题的作用.doc

The characteristics of English News HeadlinesNumber: Name: The characteristics of English News HeadlinesAbstract: the news headline is an important part of English news, because the title is the readers to get as much information as possible in the shortest possible time language media, plays a unique role in the news. For the reader, read the headline is the first step of reading English newspapers. English news headlines are numerous and varied, but has its internal rules and characteristics, has its own unique title words, grammar and rhetoric. This paper examines some of the characteristics of English news headlines from the vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric in three aspects: simple, general, ellipsis, fresh, interesting.Language learning is a process of practice, for English learners, reading English newspaper is a shortcut to modern English pulse. The news headline is the first step of reading newspaper readers learn English, and many readers initially reading English newspaper, the problem the first encounter is the title. Just started reading English newspaper readers generally encountered such a problem: the title words realize, you dont understand or not fully understand. Because the newspaper headlines are simple, elliptical, humorous, not only to the main content of highly summarized news, play a role in the finishing touch, but also for the fascinating to try to put the title winning new innovation and full of color, make the reader fall in love at first sight.1.vocabulary Brief summary is one of the major features of news headlines, in order to achieve this objective, the English news headlines are widely used terms, abbreviations and the so-called small (Midget Words).1.1 NOUN Making noun has the very strong expressive function, but also has extensive grammar tolerance (Grammaticality). It can act as a variety of part of speech, syntactic concept can be expressed by simple structure form complete. Noun (gerund, including compound nouns) can be widely used for word type caption or replace the adjectives (noun reduplication), phrases and clauses. (1) with the noun word type caption Entrepreneurs（创业者发迹史）Wineswomanship（妇女酗酒问题）(2) the noun reduplicationMiracleRescue(神奇般获救）TaiwansUNEntryProposalOpposed(台湾进入联合国提议遭到反对)(3) noun instead of phrases or clausesCorruptionReportsAgainstPoliceRise（指控警方受贿呼声四起）（corruptionreports=reportsoncorruptioncomplaints）Superkids?(超级儿童之谜)(Superkids?=CanSupermenCreateSuperkids?)1.2 Acronym To save space, extensive use of acronyms in English news headlines (Abbreviations and Acronyms abbreviations and acronyms).(1) abbreviations Making making abbreviations, acronyms, i.e. Abbreviations frequently appear in the title, but whether familiar or strange, whose full name is generally found in the body of the message the first time, confusion can be smoothly done or easily solved. Of course, in order to quickly read the headlines, readers need to be familiar with some of the commonly used abbreviations. The acronym often English title can be divided into three categories: the organization name, name and title or position. The following are a few examplesA. MechanismEUsFuture:TheVisionandtheSlog（EU=EuropeanUnion）NATO:Who,What,Why?（NATO=NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization）B.The names of thingsCompanyLookstotheGoldenArchLinkinChineseJV（JV=jointVenture）C.Position or titleTogoPMStrivestoSolveCrisis(PM=PrimeMinister)(2) Abbreviation Composition and abbreviations abbreviations are different, which is mainly through the tail or the middle part out of words, or the first of a word with the tail of another word which. Abbreviations are very active in English newspapers, and the number continues to increase, not only in the title, and often appear in the article. Such as:IndianGovtWinsTrustVoteinParliament（Govt=Government）Nohopefor118CrewofRussianSub（Sub=submarine）1.3 SmallSmall single syllable words is short, with the news body characteristics of the title words. Extensive use of words as a result of the newspaper. The length is limited by the small, can avoid the transitional, two is due to semantic category words very wide, and generally more vivid, flexible. Such as:WagesAccordReached（accord代替agreement）TVAirs“Facts”onArmsDelivery（air代替makeknown或broadcast）WagesAccordReached（accord代替agreement）TVAirs“Facts”onArmsDelivery（air代替makeknown或broadcast）Acronyms and words meet the eye everywhere in English news headlines, pieces too numerous to cite, here are a few. Beginners in learning to read English newspapers, summing up and remember these words and meaning will be of great advantage, to read the headline and article.2. Grammar English news headlines is a unique set of grammatical system,in the use of tenses, the omission of words has its characteristics.2.1 Temporal Most of the news the event is just happened, is happening or will happen, according to the corresponding temporal rules of English grammar used verbs. But in order to highlight the event sense of reality and freshness, English news headlines almost all use the simple present tense, which is one of the important characteristics of English news headlines. Of course, in meaning and (1) The general said that the present:A. Have happened, such as:NASAEyesChinaTiesasNewShenzhouFlies（“神舟3号”飞船上天，美关注与中国关系）B.What is happening, such as:SKoreaResumesUSBeefImports（韩国恢复进口美国牛肉）SovietsAssailUSonA-tests（苏联人严厉谴责美国原子爆炸实验）(2) The infinitive said it would happen, such as:2ECOfficialstoVisitU.S.toPaveWayforTradeTalks（两名欧共体官员将访问美国为贸易谈判铺平道路）TelecomtoBePrivatized（英国电视通讯公司行将实行私人企业化）(3) The present participle for, such as:Radio,TVCoverageWidening（广播、电视覆盖面在拓宽）Deposits,LoansRisinginHK（香港储蓄与贷款额上升）(4) The past participle passive voice several tense:A. Now the state, such as:U.S.CarMakersViewedasThreatbyEuropeans（美汽车制造商对欧洲人的威胁）（viewed=areviewed）B.In the past, such as:BeleagueredBobbies（警察遭到围困）(beleaguered=werebeleaguered)C.The ongoing state, such as:BrazilEliteForcedtoMakeLoans（巴西大亨被迫放贷）(forced=isbeingforced)D.Now complete the state, such as:KissingerInstituteLaunched(基辛格学院成立)(launched=hasbeenlaunched)In addition to the above the tense and the form, the title is sometimes seen in other tenses, mainly in order to highlight the movements of the time or for ideographic or modality on request, such as:UnemploymentinU.K.IncreasedinOctober（十月份英国失业率上升）U.S.WillNotCurbArmsforIsrael(美国无意削减对以武器援助)2.2 Ellipsis Syntactically, the biggest characteristic is to omit the title. Omit no notional word can greatly shorten the length of the title, be concise statement that, so general omission of function words in English news headlines. Omission of function words is the most articles and the verb to be, followed by prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs and pronouns, and sometimes even the notional words even if omitted, but does not affect the understanding.(1) Omission of function words, such as:ItalianEx-MayorMurdered=(An)ItalianEx-Mayor(Is)MurderedRailChaosGettingWorse=(The)RailChaos(Is)GettingWorse(2) Omission of notional words, such as:Ballots,NotBullets=(AlgeriansWant)Ballots,(Do)Not(Want)BulletsCarterandthe52=Carterandthe52(AmericanhostagesinIron)(3) Ellipsis clause, such as:WhenAmericaItself IstheTarget=WhenAmericaItselfIstheTarget,（theReactioninAmericaHasBeenMuchGreaterThanThatinBritaintotheBombsinDocklandsandManchester）3. Rhetoric In order to pursue novel or interesting, vivid image, in order to achieve, humor, sarcasm, the title often make use of various rhetorical devices, which is another major characteristics of English news headlines. The commonly used rhetorical devices, metaphor, exaggeration, rhyme, pun humorous or witty wording, or copiously quote authoritative works, the use of humorous slang etc.(1) Metaphor The image of the words or language to be lively and vivid image of the title, interesting. Such as: A Dove Taking Wing this title, the United Nations as a being off the dove of peace, because at the end of the cold war period, the United Nations has been in the U.S. - Soviet cooperation in accordance with the Western ideas played a peacemaking, regulation conflict controversial role, thus this metaphor is very vivid. Another example: Wall Street Takes a Dive , take a dive meaning diving, the metaphor of stock market prices fell sharply. This expression gives people a sense of visual impact, very vivid, but also with the Chinese diving has different approaches but equally satisfactory results. The title can be translated as: Wall Street stock market plunge.(2) Rhyme For the pursuit of novelty in word form skillfully Italian arrangement in the title, in order to give the readers a visual and auditory beauty. Rhyme is a common technique, (alliteration) includes alliteration, rhyme, rhyme and rhyme symmetry interval (alternate rhyme) etc. For example:SoldiersSalarySoars(头韵)BewaretheBear（尾韵）AftertheBoomEverythingIsGloom(对称押韵)BovverBoysHoverPloy（间隔押韵）(3) PunClever use of puns, the title of the article be full of wit and humour. Such as: Airbus Tries to Fly in a New Formation this title clever use of the word fly, which refers to the Airbus Companys aircraft to fly, and refers to the company to take off. And as the:AfricanStatesmanStillSowingSeedsforFuture中，“sowingseeds”一语双关，指坦桑尼亚总统尼雷尔（JuliusNyerere）退休后，在远离大城市的一个村子里割种收播，以农为乐；同时非洲局势动荡，这位政界元老仍在为非洲的未来而“播种”。 (4) Humorous or witty wordingAccusersAccused(原告成了被告)Chrome-platedIndependence(电镀的独立)The second example of the Chrome-plated is used very clever, in a small country a year only exported 800000 tons of chromium, has threatened to completely rely through ones own efforts. The authors said this satire.(5) Copiously quote authoritative works patient for the artificial heart thing, apply Dickenss famous A Tale of Two Cities (Shuangcheng) title. Another example: Why Won t the French Play Ball on GATT? title using idioms play ball, not play ball, but together and others, this Title Translated into Chinese is: why France in the GATT problems dont cooperate? As Lame-duck Presidents: a US Oddity, author of lame-duck (a lame duck) this idiom, satire USA president for not working people.The above mainly from the language form and language skills, summarizes the characteristics of English news headlines, for beginners, may play a certain role of the help. But some of the title only literal is difficult to understand, often need to read the message body of lead (lead) content or the contents of the article in order to understand the title. For example:HeadBeatsRedTapetoInviteDiHeadmasterDerekAttweilbrokealltherulestogetPrincessDianatovisithisprimaryschoolandhisbosseswereterrified.USNegotiatesItsLineinIraqiSandThis article is about American with allies to discuss how to use force to make Iraq, agree to let the United Nations weapons inspectors to return to iraq. In the title sand refers to the desert, the vast majority of Iraqi territory covered