高考英语定语从句总结课件.ppt

定语从句讲座 tomisastudentinclass11 tomhastwobrothers wealllikehimtom sfatherisafamousjournalist 归纳 who whom whose 认识关系代词 tom hastwobrothersisastudentinclass11 tom wealllikeisastudentinclass11 tom fatherisafamousjournalistisastudentinclass11 关系代词 who whom whose 在定语从句中指代人 分别做主语 宾语 定语 做宾语时who可以替代whom 也可以省略 thebookisveryinteresting thebookisaboutiraq iboughtthebookyesterday thebook isaboutiraqisveryinteresting thebook iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting 归纳 which that which that 关系代词 that which 在定语从句中指代物 做主语 宾语 表语 其中that 指代人和物都可以 做宾语时可以省略 认识关系副词 thedayisaspecialday iwillneverforgettheday shemarriedhimonthatday theday iwillneverforgetisaspecialday theday shemarriedhimisaspecialday theday shemarriedhimisaspecialday that which onwhich when 归纳 when在定语从句中做时间状语 guilinisabeautifulplace ivisitedguilinlastyear liusanjielivedinguilin guilin ivisitedlastyearisabeautifulplace guilin liusanjielivedisabeautifulplace guilin liusanjielivedisabeautifulplace that which inwhich where 归纳 where在定语从句中做地点状语 shegavemethereason shewaslateforthereason shegavemethereason shewaslate forwhich why shegavemethereason shewaslate 归纳 why在定语从句中做原因状语 区分关系代词that和which 关系代词的that用法 1 不用that的情况a 在引导非限制性定语从句时 b 介词后不能用 例如 wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood wedependonthelandthat whichwegetourfoodfrom 2 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a 在therebe句型中 只用that 不用which b 在不定代词 如 anything nothing theone all much few any little等作先行词时 只用that 不用which c 先行词有theonly thevery修饰时 只用thatd 先行词为序数词 数词 形容词最高级时 只用thate 先行词既有人 又有物时用that f 先行词被all any every no some little much等词修饰时 as which引导的非限定性定语从句 由as which引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句 相当于andthis或andthat as一般放在句首 which在句中 asweknow smokingisharmfultoone shealth thesunheatstheearth whichisveryimportanttous 典型例题1 alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss cameasasurprise a itb thatc whichd he 答案c 此为非限定性从句 不能用that修饰 而用which it和he都使后句成为句子 两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接 况且选he句意不通 2 theweatherturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect a whatb whichc thatd it 答案b which可代替句子 用于非限定性定语从句 而what不可 that不能用于非限定性定语从句 it不为连词 使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通 as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时 这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语 但不同之处主要有两点 1 as引导的定语从句可置于句首 而which不可 2 as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若为行为动词 则从句中的关系代词只能用which 3 as多用于下列句型 thesame as such as as as asisknown aswehaveknowasweknow smokingisharmfultoone shealth asisknown smokingisharmfultoone shealth ihavegotintothesametroubleashe has 介词 关系词 1 介词后面的关系词不能省略 2 that前不能有介词 3 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词 关系词 结构可以同关系副词when和where互换 thisisthehouseinwhichilivedtwoyearsago thisisthehousewhereilivedtwoyearsago doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub whose n表示所属关系 可变为n ofwhich whom 表示部分关系时 也可用部分关系词 ofwhich whom thebuses mostofwhichwerealreadyfull weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd 1 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系 的 名词 而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容 与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词 如fact news belief truth reply等 that在定语从句中作成分 可用which或who whom代替 而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分 只起连接作用 试比较 易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句 weallhaveheardthenews ourteamwon wedon tbelievethenews hetoldusyesterday that 同位语从句 that从句表示news的内容 that在从句中不作任何成分 that which 定语从句 that作told的宾语 2 定语从句与状语从句 试比较 heleftthekey hehadbeenanhourbefore helefttheplace helivedformanyyears heissuchagoodteacher allofusloveandrespect where where引导地点状语从句 相当于intheplacewhere where where引导定语从句 修饰theplace as as引导定语从句 heissuchagoodteacher wealllikehim 3 定语从句与主语从句 试比较 isknowntousall paperwasfirstmadeinchina isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinchina that that引导结果状语从句 such that 如此 以致 as as引导定语从句 指代整个主句内容 可置于句首 it it做形式主语 代替that引导的主语从句 4 定语从句与强调结构 试比较 itisthehouse imettheyoungman itwasinthehouse imettheyoungman where where引导定语从句 修饰house where在定语从句中作地点状语 that 本句为强调结构 可还原为imettheyoungmaninthehouse 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面无宾语 就必须要求用关系代词 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如 thisisthemountainvillagewhereistayedlastyear i llneverforgetthedayswheniworkedtogetherwithyou 判断改错 错 thisisthemountainvillagewhereivisitedlastyear 错 iwillneverforgetthedayswhenispentinthecountryside 对 thisisthemountainvillage which ivisitedlastyear 对 i llneverforgetthedays which ispentinthecountryside 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where when联系在一起 此两题错在关系词的误用上 方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能正确选择出关系代词 关系副词 例1 isthismuseum youvisitedafewdaysage a whereb thatc onwhichd theone例2 isthisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld a whereb thatc onwhichd theone答案 例1d 例2a例1变为肯定句 thismuseumis youvisitedafewdaysago 例2变为肯定句 thisisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld 在句1中 所缺部分为宾语 而where that onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用 只有theone既做了主句的表语 又可做从句的宾语 可以省略关系代词 所以应选d 而句2中 主 谓 宾俱全 从句部分为句子的状语表地点 既可用副词where 又因inthemuseum词组 可用介词in which引导地点状语 而此题中 介词on用的不对 所以选a 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分 先行词在从句中做主 定 宾语时 选择关系代词 who whom that which whose 先行词在从句中做状语时 应选择关系副词 where地点状语 when时间状语 why原因状语 归纳 定语从句易错点 1 易错点一 因为句子成分不明而出错 特别注意表时间的先行词不一定用when 表地点的先行词不一定用where icanneverforgettheday weworkedtogetherandtheday wespendtogether when whichb what thatc onwhich whend which when thisisjusttheplace iamlongingtovisittheseyears a thatb wherec inwhichd towhich2 易错点二 因为句子成分复杂 特别是出现插入成分而出错 thesoldiershadtosleepintheirwetclothes mostuncomfortable whichithinkitwasb whichithinkwasc whichithinkd thatithinkwas heoftenhelpsthestudents hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies a whomb whoc whend because 3 易错点三 因为与what从句混淆而出错 all isneededisasupplyofoil a b thatc whatd which theycameupwiththatbill theysay wouldleadtoadropinthenumberoffreshcollegestudentsunabletoaffordeducation a whatb thatc whod which4 易错点四 与强调句型或其他句型混淆而出错 itwasabout600yearsago thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade a thatb untilc befored when wasitinhospital shelivedfortenyears shewastrainedtobearealnurse a that whichb which thatc where thatd that where 5 易错点五 因与同位语从句混淆而出错 判断下列从句属何种从句 thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody 6 易错点六 as引导的定语从句容易出错 特别是与主语从句混淆而出错 选词填空 asweallknow smokingisharmfultoone shealth isknown smokingisharmfultoone shealth isknownthattheearthisround asisknown theearthisround 7 易错点七 因某些特殊句型的定语从句辨析不明而出错 thisisthebestway hasbeenusedagainstpollution a whereb whyc whichd that lasttermourmathsteacherssetsuchadifficultexaminationproblem noneofusworkedout a thatb asc sothatd which 8 易错点八 介词 引导词的定语从句容易出错 特别是因介词的误选而出错 thegentleman youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief a whob aboutwhomc whomd withwhom becauseofthetrafficjam iwascaught iwaslateforthemeeting a bywhichb inwhichc thatd where doyouknowtheartist thejudgegaveaprize yes heistheteacher ihavebeentaughtpaintingfor2years a towhom whob towhom bywhomc whom whod who that9 易错点九 因定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式而出错 sheisoneofthefewgirlswho passedtheexam a wasb werec hasd have sheistheoneofthefewgirlswho passedtheexam a wasb werec hasd have 10 易错点十 分隔式定语从句结构复杂而出错 thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage a untilb thatc whend where 1 itistheyoungman lookedfor caughtthemurderer a that whob that theyc they thatdthey which2 isthisfactory wevisitedlastyear a wherebinwhichc theonedatwhich3 thebook thecover isbroken isnotmine a ofitbforcwhosedofwhich 4 thisismrsmith ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou a whobwhomc thatd x 5 who hasseenthetvfilmdoesn tadmireit a thatbwhocwhichdas 6 youcanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleihavehad thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound treatb totreatctreatingdtreated 7 thisisthelasttime ishallgiveyoualesson a whenbthatcwhichdinwhich 8 idon tliketheway youlaughather a thatbonwhichcwhichdas 9 weallknow swimmingisaverygoodsport a whichb thatc asd who 10 ishallneverforgetthoseyears ilivedinthefarm youvisitedlastweek a when whereb which whichc when whichd which where11 hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows mostof hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear a theseb thec thatd which 12 myglasses iwaslikeabl