初一英语知识点.doc

英语知识点总结(一)一. 预备级四个模块及初中英语前四个模块所有单词和词组必须记熟.二. 必须记熟的搭配:1. be的变化: I + am, he / she / it + is, we / you / they + are2. a.e.i.o.u五个元音字母开头的单词前用an 表示 “个”的概念. 如: an aunt, an egg, an ice cream, an office, an uncle (特例:字母u在单词中发这个字母本身的音时, 这个单词前面用a表示, 如: a university)3. I (我,用于句子开头或动词前面), me (我,宾格,用于动词、介词后面)如: I like reading books.She doesnt like me.I am (我是), my (我的)we (我们,用于句子开头或动词前面),us (我们,宾格,用于动词、介词后面)we are (我们是), our (我们的)he(他,用于句子开头或动词前面) him (他,宾格,用于动词、介词后面)he is (他是)his (他的)she （她，用于句子开头或动词前面）, her （她，宾格, 用于动词、介词后面）she is（她是）her（她的）you（你、你们, 用于动词前面，与宾格相同） your（你的、你们的）you are = youre（你是，你们是）they（他们、她们，用于开头）them（她们、他们，宾格，用于动词、介词后面）their（他们的、她们的）it（它，与宾格相同）it is = its （它是）its（它的）4. She is in Class One, Grade Seven. 注意班级,年级的首字母大写.5. 名与姓: 姓是family name(整个家庭都要用的那个名,即是姓,所以用family表示), 名given name (是家长后给起的,所以叫given name). 如: David Beckham, family name是Beckham, given name是David. 同时在David Beckham这个名字中, Beckham在后, 所以姓又叫last name. David在前, 所以名又叫first name. 三. 重点句型1. I am a student and I am Chinese. (注: 表示国籍时用上be + 形容词的形式,如be Chinese, be American是中国人,是美国人等)2. She is a Chinese girl. 她是个中国的女孩. 此时要加a.3. They are Chinese girls. 她们是中国女孩. 注意be动词此时要变复数,后面的名词要变成复数形式.4. be from来自于 , from 是介词, 后面一定要加名词性质的词.如: She is English. She is from England. They are from America.We are Chinese, and we are from China.5. be from 的一般疑问句用法是把be动词提前:如:He is from England.变成疑问句: Is he from England?be from的特殊疑问句用法,用特殊疑问词开头, 后面接一般疑问句形式:如:Is he from England? Where is he from?Are you from China? Where are you from? 6. be from的否定用法: 遵循常规的用法,即在be的后面加not.如: They are not from Canada, they are from America.7play乐器时，乐器前面加the, 如play the piano, play the violin.play其它的球类，棋类，牌类等，这些名前都不加the,如play tennis, play chess8.welcome to +某地（欢迎到某地来），如：Welcome to our school.welcome + 人称宾格 + to + 某地（欢迎某人来到某地），如：Welcome them to our school.9. “骑车去上学”的两种表达法：go to school by bike, ride a bike to school10. “开车去上班” 的两种表达法：go to work by car, drive a car to work11. there be句型，表示在某个地方有, 其中be用单数还是用复数，由离be最近的名词决定，即就近原则。如：桌子上有台电脑。There is a computer on the desk.盒子里有两本书和一支钢笔。There are two books and a pen in the box.注意:单复同形的词，people, sheep, 这时be通常用复数形式。There are three people in my family.There is a sheep on the grass. There are five sheep on the grass.注意: 不可数名词前的be动词只能用单数.There is some water in the glass.12. there be的一般疑问句形式, 把be提到句子前面.译成 “有吗?” 如:There is a book on the desk.变为一般疑问句: Is there a book on the desk?There are some books on the desk.变为一般疑问句: Are there any books on the desk?其中some用于肯定句表示 “一些”, any用于疑问句和否定句,表示 “任何,一些”.如: There arent any computers on our desks.(否定句)Is there any water in the glass?(疑问句)13. there be的特殊疑问句形式:用how many +名词复数+ are there + 介词 +范围如: 你们班有几个学生? How many students are there in your class?用how much +不可数名词+ is there + 介词 +范围如: 那个杯子里有多少水? How much water is there in that glass?14. 重要介词及介词词组: in, on, under, behind, next to, in front of注意: 在句子中间使用时,介词前面一定要加be动词或者动词.如: The desk is in front of the blackboard.The books are on the desk.15. 对于 “这是什么?那是什么?” Whats this? / Whats that? 的回答一定用 Its a 对于 “这些是什么?那些是什么” What are these? / What are those?的回答一定用They are + 名词复数如: - Whats this (in English)?- Whats that? - Its an apple.- Its a book. - What are these (in Chinese)?- What are those? - They are apples.- They are books.16. have got的用法: 指人或有生命的主体拥有某物. 三单形式是 has got如: 我有一台电脑. I have got a computer. Tony有一块手表. Tony has got a watch.那只猫有一个可爱的玩具. That cat has got a cute toy.疑问句形式, 是把助动词have直接提到句子前面, 译成 “某人有吗?”如: 你有电脑吗? Have you got a computer? Tony有手表吗? Has Tony got a watch?否定句形式, 是在have后面加not, 构成havent got/hasnt got, 译成 “没有”如: 我没有兄弟或姐妹. I havent got any brothers or sisters.Betty没有姨或叔叔. Betty hasnt got any aunts or uncles.特殊疑问句形式, 是用特殊疑问词how many +名词复数 + have you / has he got? how much +不可数名词 + have you / has he got?如: 你有几个舅舅? How many uncles have you got? 她有几个姐姐? How many sisters has she got?你有多少钱(注: 钱是不可数名词)? How much money have you got?17. have got 和 there be中文都译成 “有”, 但二者有区别:there be用于表示 “某个地方有某人或物”, have got用于表示 “某人/动物/某物拥有”There are three people in my family.我家有三口人.(指在我家这个地方有三口人)She has got two brothers and one sister. 她有2个兄弟1个姐姐. (指她拥有)注: 在表示某物本身具备时,两者可以互换.如: 这间屋子有三个窗子.There are three windows in this room.(在这间屋子里有三个窗子, 表示“某地有”) = This room has got