高考英语总复习 非谓语动词 (ppt).pptVIP

非谓语动词non restrictedverbs 2007届高考语法复习之八 非谓语 不定式 todo 分词 动名词 ing 过去分词 ed 现在分词 ing ing分词 ed分词 一 非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别顾名思义 非谓语动词就是在英语中不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词 近年来高考命题常常通过改变熟悉的句型结构或利用一些 貌合神离 的手段 加大考生辨别非谓语动词的难度 一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词 除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现在主从复合或并列句中 一句话也不可能无谓语动词 谓语省略的情况除外 例 atlast wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand downtoeatourpicniclunch 2005上海 a sittingb havingsatc tositd sat解析 此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词 即 或 项 而and实际上作为并列连词并列的是found及sat两个动作 而非并列providing与sitting d 例 pricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices a areboughtb boughtc havebeenboughtd buying解析 此题学生最易错选的答案为 或 依据上面陈述 填入 或 句子都有两个谓语动词 而此处两个动词并非并列谓语 也不是分别出现在主从句中 故答案有误 该题正确答案为 boughtthroughacomputer为一过去分词短语作后置定语 句中只有一个谓语canbelowerthan 当然此题如改为pricesofdailygoodswhichhavebeenboughtthrough 也是正确的 因为这一动作出现在从句中 b 小试牛刀1 ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek better it you vegotsomebigbillscoming 2004广东 a forgetb forgotc forgettingd toforget2 daddydidn tmindwhatweweredoing aslongasweweretogether fun a hadb havec tohaved having a d 3 weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys footballsorbasketballs thatallchildrenlikethesethings 06全国ii a thinkingb thinkc tothinkd thought4 fivepeoplewonthe china sgreenfigure award atitle toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection 06山东 a beinggivenb isgivenc givend wasgiven a c 二 考查非谓语动词作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词 二者的区别是 表示某一具体的动作时 多用不定式 表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的 多用动名词 动名词作主语时通常位于句首 不定式作主语时常置于句末 用it作形式主语放在句首 1 smokingisprohibited 禁止 here 2 itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch 3 collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmen 4 drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring 抽象 具体 1 tomakeaplanfirstisagoodidea thegrammarfunctionoftheinfinitive itisagoodideatomakeaplanfirst 2 ittakesthreehourstowalkthere note whatapleasureitistoworkwiththem howrelaxingitistobatheinthesunonthesand itispossibleforhimtomastertheartofspeaking itwascarelessofhimtobreakthecoffeecup hewascarelesstobreakthecoffeecup 2 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语 但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语 itis was nouse good notanyuse good oflittleuse good useless doingsth itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词 应保持形式上的一致 seeingisbelieving toseeistobelieve 1 it snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp a tohaveb havinghadc haved having2 infact isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantmatch a thisb thatc thered it d d 三 考查非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语 1 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语 如 want wish hope manage demand promise refuse pretend plan offer decide agree expect等 idon twant likei mspeakingillofanybody butthemanager splanisunfair a tosoundb tobesoundedc soundingd tohavesounded a 2 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语 如 admit appreciate avoid consider delay dislike enjoy escape excuse finish forgive imagine keep mind miss practise resist risk suggest deny 1 ican tstand withjaneinthesameoffice shejustrefuses talkingwhilesheworks a working stoppingb towork stoppingc working tostopd towork tostop2 hegotwell preparedforthejobinterview forhecouldn trisk thegoodopportunity a toloseb losingc tobelostd beinglost c b 3 有些动词如intend start continue后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语 意义上无多大区别 iintendtofinish finishingthetaskthismorning 但love like hate prefer后接动名词表示经常性的行为 接不定式表示具体的行为 1 ilike verymuch butidon tlike thisafternoon a swimming swimmingb toswim toswimc swimming toswimd toswim swimming c 2 littlejimshouldlove tothetheatrethiseveninga tobetakenb totakec beingtakend taking但要注意 如果like love prefer前有would should 后面则应该接动词不定式 i dliketogoswimmingthisweekend a a 4 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语 但不定式用被动式的形式 动名词用主动式的形式 句子的意思没有差别 但句子得主语一般是一表物的名词或代词 这类动词主要有 want need require等 1 yourwatchneedsrepairing toberepaired 2 thewindowsneedpaintingagain tobepaintedagain 5 1 ifyouthinktreatingawomanwellmeansalways herpermissionforthings thinkagain a getsb gotc togetd getting2 whenaskedbythepolice hesaidthatheremembered attheparty butnot a toarrive leavingb toarrive toleavec arriving leavingd arriving toleave有些动词后既可以跟不定式 又可以跟动名词作宾语 但意义上有区别 如forget remember mean regret stop try goon can thelp等 d c 6 1 ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact 2 isn tittimeyougotdownto thepapers a markb bemarkedc beingmarkedd marking3 victorapologizedfor toinformmeofthechangeintheplan a hisbeingnotableb himnottobeablec hisnotbeingabled himtobenotable介词后可接动名词或不定式作宾语 d c practiceasthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand waiting a touseb tobeusedc tohaveusedd tobeusingafterhebecameconscious heremembered and ontheheadwitharod a toattack hitb tobeattacked tobehitc attacking behitd havingbeenattacked hit b d 四 考查非谓语动词作宾补和主补walkingalongtheriver weheardsomeone forhelp a shoutingb shoutc shoutedd havingshouted2 whenshereturnedhome shefoundthewindowopenandsomething a tostealb losingc missedd stolen3 myteachertoldme socareless a notbeb don ttobec nottobed won tbe a d c 4 childrenshouldbeallowed theirowndecisions a makingb tomakec maked havingmade能作宾语补足语和主语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式 现在分词 过去分词 用哪种非谓语动词形式往往取决于前面动词的句型和不同的非谓语动词所表示的意义 b myadvisorencouraged asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills a formetakingb metakingc formetotaked metotake1 能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有 ask advise tell force get allow want wish like hate prefer intend expect encourage persuade permit request order warn cause等 表示宾语或主语执行不定式的动作 具有 主动 的意义 而且不定式的动作多发生在句子的谓语动作之后 具有 将来 的意义 d 使役动词 感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语和带to的不定式作主语补足语 常见的使役动词有make let have等 感官动词有see hear watch observe notice feel以及lookat listento等 pauldoesn thavetobemade healwaysworkshard a learnb tolearnc learnedd learning 号召全世界的劳动人民团结起来 thelaboringpeopleoftheworldarecalledontounite b 3 有些动词如consider prove think know feel suppose discover imagine find等也可跟 宾语 tobe 的形式 使用中应注意 wefoundhim tobe dishonest weallknowhimtobedead we mr browntobeafinewriter a acceptb receivec thinkd regard c 4 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同 iheardher sing anenglishsongjustnow iheardher sing anenglishsongwhenipassedbyherroomyesterday iheardtheenglishsong sing manytimes 接不定式时 表示动作发生的全过程 接现在分词时 表示动作正在发生或进行 或正要做分词表示的动作 接过去分词时 表被动或完成 ilookeddownatmyneckandfoundmynecklacegone iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchangedsomuch sing singing sung 状态 完成 practise theyshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow you vehadit oftenenough a explainingb toexplainc explaind explained themissingboywerelastseen neartheriver a playingb tobeplayingc playd toplay d a inthedreampetersawhimself byafiercewolf andhewokesuddenlywithastart 06上海春 a chasedb tobechasedc bechasedd havingbeenchased therearehundredsofvisitors infrontoftheartgallerytohavealookatvangogh spaintings 06上海春 a waitedb towaitc waitingd wait a c 五 考查非谓语动词作定语不定式 动名词和分词都可以作定语 主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义 不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有 动宾关系 即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者 如果不定式是不及物动词 就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词 theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday thebrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时 不定式既可以用主动语态 也可用被动语态 但其含义有所不同 1 i mgoingtobeijingnextweek doyouhaveanything take toyourson 2 areyougoingtobeijing doyouhaveanything take toyourson tobetaken totake 2 现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有 主谓关系 即现在分词用主动式时 被修饰的名词正在执行其动作 现在分词用被动式时 被修饰的名词正在承受其动作 即与名词是动宾关系 pleasetellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomakesomuchnoise thefactorymaking thatmakes suchtoolsisasmallonerunbytom theylivedinaroomfacing thatfaced thesouth barkingdogsseldombite thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear whoareplaying 进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有 动宾关系 表示一个被动或完成的动作 相当于一个被动的定语从句 someoftheexperiments inthebookareeasytoperform a describingb tobedescribedc describedd todescribe itissaidthatbeijinguniversitywasthefirstinstituteofhigherlearning inchina a establishedb beingestablishedc tobeestablishedd havingbeenestablished c a practise1 thewildflowerlookedlikeasoftorangeblanket thedesert a covingb coveredc coverd tocover 2 therehavebeenseveralnewevents totheprogramforthe2008beijingolympicgames a addb toaddc addingd added3 thedisc digitally inthestudio soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight a recordedb recordingc toberecordedd beingrecorded a d a 4 readingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingtv therearepictures inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes a toformb formc formingd havingformed5 theenglishexamisnotdifficult isit eventom tothetopstudentsfailedinit a yes belongsb no belongedc yes belongingd no belonging c c 6 theflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature 04上海 a tosmellb smellingc smeltd tobesmelt7 amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe murderlastnight 04江苏 a advisedb attendedc attemptedd admitted 该题的谓语动词是attract 闻起来很香 用来作定语修饰主语flowers 谋杀 只能被预谋 故该用过去分词作定语表示被动 b c 3 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是 现在分词表示主动 进行之意 过去分词表示被动与完成 而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作 例如 thequestion discuss atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance thequestion discuss atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance thequestion discuss atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance discussed beingdiscussed tobediscussed 4 只有单个动名词能做定语 放在所修饰的名词前表示所修饰的名词的用途 thereisaswimmingpoolinthebackyard onlyafterrepeatedpracticecanweimproveourteachingmethod 注 动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别 现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作 flyingfish飞鱼arunningdog走狗afallingtide落潮acryingboy哭着的孩子 apoolforswimming amethodforteaching aboyiscrying 六 考查非谓语动词作状语能作状语的有不定式 现在分词和过去分词 作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义 1 不定式做状语 只表示目的 结果或原因 hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen 结果状语 tomakehimselfheard heraisedhisvoice 目的状语 allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress 原因状语 不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语 在句末多作原因状语 结果状语 2 分词做状语可表示时间 条件 原因 伴随 让步 方式 1 givenachance icansurprisetheworld 条件状语 2 comingintotheroom hefoundhisfatherangry 时间状语 3 beingtired theywentonworking 4 havingbeenhitbythebigboyonthenose thelittleboybegantocry 5 heputafingerinhismouth tasteditandsmiled lookingratherpleased 让步状语 原因状语 伴随状语 practise1 when heat waterwillbechangedintovapour while heat water wecanchangeitintovapour 2 see fromthehill thecitylooksbeautiful see fromthehill youwillfindthecitybeautiful 3 generallyspeaking when take accordingtothedirections thedrughasnosideeffect if take thedrugaccordingtothedirections youwillbebettersoon heated heating seen seeing taken taking 3 分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时 其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致 如果不一致 需在分词前加一个逻辑主语 分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句 1 beinganorphan thenursetreatedhimkindly 2 hebeinganorphan thenursetreatedhimkindly 3 ashewasanorphan thenursetreatedhimkindly 关于分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 在试题中可以看到各种不同的命题技巧 f t t trueorfalse thekey shewentthroughherhandbagcarefully a hadn tbeenfoundb havingnotbeenfoundc nothavingbeenfoundd wasn tfound试题分析 选项a d均为谓语形式 选择其中的任何一项前半部分便成为一个分句 与后面的分句必须使用连词 以表示前后分句的逻辑关系 因此全部排除 选项b是现在分词的完成被动式 凡非谓语动词的否定形式 not必须加在最前面 因此也应排除 nothavingbeenfound同其逻辑主语thekey构成独立主格结构 作原因状语 本试题中句子的主语she不能充当分词的逻辑主语 c youshouldhavenotroublewiththedifficultwork a knowingthisb ifyouareknowingthisc fromknowingthisd ifyouhaveknowingthis试题分析 分词作状语时一般都可以转换为状语从句 本试题的选项b d作为条件状语从句 时态不正确 应该排除 选项a的knowingthis的逻辑主语同句子的主语一致 符合要求 为正确答案 a writteninahurry howcanitbesatisfactory 2001年广州市综合测试一 a theyfoundmanymistakesinthereportb sammadelotsofmistakesinthereportc thereareplentyofmistakesinthereportd thereportisfullofmistakes试题分析 这时一道非常典型的试题 四个选项均为完整的句子 初看起来似乎不容易领悟试题的意图 其实 本题的意图仍然是考察分词作状语的知识 抓住试题意图就容易产生正确的思路 哪个句子的主语能够同过去分词written的逻辑主语一致 沿着这个思路向前走 不难想到thereportwaswritteninahurry 试题的答案不言自明 d 1 mum whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup 99上海 a getb gettingc togetd tobegetting2 inordertomakeourcitygreen 02上海春季 a itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesb manymoretreesneedtoplantc ourcityneedsmoretreesd wemustplantmoretrees c d 3 thegeneralstateofhishealth itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation 00北京春季 a givenb togivec givingd havinggiven4 hesentmeane mail togetfurtherinformation 00上海 a hopedb hopingc tohoped hope given作状语意为 考虑到 意思相当于considering 注意hoping为伴随状语而非目的状语 真正的目的是后面的toget b a 现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别1 europeanfootballisplayedin80countries itthemostpopularsportintheworld nmet1998 a makingb makesc maked tomake2 hehurriedtothestationonly thatthetrainhadleft 2005广东 a tofindb findingc foundd tohavefound现在分词作结果状语往往表示 正常出现的 自然而然的或意料之中 的结果 不定式作结果状语时通常表示 偶然的 出乎意料的 一种结果 a a 过去分词做状语permitted hewouldhavesucceededindoingthat 讨论 此句为什么不用havingbeenpermitted 本句的句意是 如果当时他被允许 做这件事 的话 他本会成功的 过去分词做状语可以表示条件 与if done可以互换 而现在分词中的完成被动式不可以 它只可以表示完成被动 而且只有非谓语与谓语是很鲜明的先后关系时才可以用 如 havingbeenfinished hishomeworkwassenttohisteachertobecorrected 如果非谓语与谓语是一般的先后关系的话 直接用过去分词即可 如 guidedbytheguide hefoundtheplaceeasily scoldedbytheteacher hefeltverydepressed 1 thiscake you llneed2eggs 175gsugarand175gflour a havingmadeb makec tomaked making2 hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout a tobetoldb totoldc toldd telling3 thestormleft alotofdamagetothisarea a causedb tohavecausedc tocaused havingcaused c a d 4 intouseinapril2002 thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns a putb puttingc havingputd beingput5 fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanycountryintheworld a beingseparatedb havingseparatedc havingbeenseparatedd tobeseparated a c 七 考查非谓语动词作表语能作表语的有不定式 动名词和分词 1 itremains whetherjim llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals 2006浙江 a seenb tobeseenc seeingd tosee2 tomsoundsverymuch inthejob buti mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit a interestedb interestingc interestinglyd interestedly b a 3 thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult 99n a notmakeb nottomakec notmakingd donotmake b 动词不定式短语tomakelifeeasier及nottomakeitmoredifficult都作purpose的表语 非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题 一是并行结构问题 二是时间问题 一般来说 不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来 故在表示 目的 愿望 梦想 需求 等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式 1 动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释解或用来表示 身份 职业 等 这时主语与表语位置可以互换 themainjoboftheantqueenislayingeggs ourworkisservingthepeople 2 动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同 但其所属结构迥异 进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的 动名词做表语 说明主语的性质或情况 hisvictoryinthefinalwasnomoreconvincingthanihadexpected withthehelpoftheteacher thestudentsarepractisingtheidioms 现在进行时 表示心理状态的动词如excite interest等都是及物动词 汉语注解不是 激动 高兴 而是 使得激动 使高兴 因而现在分词应该是 令人激动的 令人高兴的 过去分词则是 感到激动的 和 感到高兴的 所以 凡表示 令人 的 都是 ing形式 凡是表示 感到 都用 ed形式 换句话说 若人对 感兴趣 就是somebodyisinterestedin 若人 物本身有趣时 就是sb sth isinteresting 现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的 八 考查连词之后加分词分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如since when while whenever nomatterhow once until等之后 可以看作是状语从句中的省略现象 1 nomatterhowfrequently theworksofbeethovenwillstillattractpeopleallovertheworld a performedb performingc tobeperformedd beingperforming a 2 when differentcultures weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities a comparedb beingcomparedc comparingd havingcompared3 theresearchissodesignedthatonce nothingcanbedonetochangeit a beginsb havingbegunc beginningd begun4 when themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear a completedc completingc beingcompletedd tobecompleted c d a 非谓语动词时态形式的确定弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在 一般来说 非谓语动词的时态有以下三种形式 在谓语表示的动作之后 与谓语表示的动作同时发生 在谓语表示的动作之前 todo doing或tobedoing tohavedone或havingdone 1 isbobstillperforming i mafraidnot heissaid thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial a tohaveleftb tohavec tohavebeenleftd tobeleft2 aidsissaid thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears 2006湖北 a thatitisb tobec thatithasbeend tohavebeen itissaidthataidshavebeenthebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomenin a d 3 thefluisbelieved byvirusesthatliketoproduceinthecellsinsidehumannoseandthroat 2004上海 a causingb beingcausedc tobecausedd tohavecaused4 youmustmakeeveryefforttofindtheperson thecar a whodamagedb damagingc damagedd thatdamaging a c 讨论 此题为什么不能选b 非谓语动词语态形式的确定非谓语动词的被动语态通常有以下几种情况 动词不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 tobedone tohavebeendone beingdone havingbeendone beingdone havingbeendone 及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成 个别动词的过去分词只表示完成 多数为不及物动词 如果动词不定式的完成式用在表示 需要 希望 打算 等意义的动词 如 hope wish expect intend mean后以及用在情态动词should could ought to might和beto的过去时后 则说明动作没有实现 wemeanttohavehadameetingtodiscussthisproblem youshouldhaveswitchedoffthelightwhenyoulefttheclassroom weweretohavebuiltalaboratorybehindthelecturebuilding thevoicesandtensesoftheinfinitive1 itisanhonorforme ask togivealecturehere 2 thetheoryofrelativityishard understand 3 asweseem miss thetraintoday wemayaswellgobacktothehotel 4 therearealwaysoneortwoproblems think about 5 wethoughtitwrongforher punish tobeasked tounderstand forus tohavemissed tothink tobepunished 6 theolympicgames hold inbeijingin2008willbeexciting 7 bequiet theyappear have anenglishlesson 8 heissaidto work inthisfactoryformorethantwentyyears 9 thesegoodsarebelieved ship tothecountrysideyesterday 10 sorry notgive yousomuchhelp tobeheld tobehaving tohavebeenshipped nottohavegiven havebeenworking 1 hisworksappears intoseverallanguagesalready a havingbeentranslatedb tobetranslatedc tohavebeentranslatedd totranslated2 heconsidersitapleasure inthecapitalofourcountry a tohavebeenworkingb workingc tobeworkedd tohaveworking3 somepeoplewerereported flyingsaucersthatsameevening a tob tohaveseenc tohavebeenseend havingseen c a b 4 wehopethebuildingproject willbecompletedassoonaspossiblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises a tobecarriedoutb carriedoutc beingcarriedoutd carryingout5 foralong