文献翻译——智能开关电源

1外文文献资料IntelligentPowerSupplyWiththerapiddevelopmentofelectronictechnology,applicationfieldofelectronicsystemismoreandmoreextensive,electronicequipment,therearemoreandmorepeopleworkwithelectronicequipment,lifeisincreasinglycloserelationship.Anyelectronicequipmentareinseparablefromreliablepowersupplyforpowerrequirements,theymoreandmoreisalsohigh.Electronicequipmentminiaturizedandlowcostinthepoweroflightandthin,smallandefficientfordevelopmentdirection.Thetraditionaltransistorsseriesadjustmentmanostatiscontinuouscontrollinearmanostat.Thistraditionalmanostattechnologymoremature,andtherehasbeenalargenumberofintegratedlinearmanostatmodule,hasthestableperformanceisgood,outputripplevoltagesmall,reliableoperation,etc.Butusuallyneedarebulkyandheavyindustrialfrequencytransformerandbulkandweightarebigfilter.Inthe1950s,NASAtominiaturization,lightweightasthegoal,forarocketcarryingtheswitchpowerdevelopment.Inalmosthalfacenturyofdevelopmentprocess,switchpowerbecauseofissmallvolume,lightweight,highefficiency,widerange,voltageadvantagesinelectric,control,computer,andmanyotherareasofelectronicequipmenthasbeenwidelyused.Inthe1980s,acomputerismadeupofallofswitchpowersupply,thefirstcompletecomputerpowergeneration.Throughoutthe1990s,switchingpowersupplyinelectronics,electricalequipment,intotherapiddevelopment.Inaddition,largescaleintegratedcircuittechnology,andtherapiddevelopmentofswitchpowersupplywithaqualitativeleap,raisedhighfrequencypowerproductsof,miniaturization,modulartide.Powerswitchtube,PWMcontrollerandhigh-frequencytransformer2isanindispensablepartoftheswitchpowersupply.Thetraditionalswitchpowersupplyisnormallymadebyusinghighfrequencypowerswitchtubedivisionandthepins,suchasusingPWMintegratedcontrollerUC3842+MOSFETisdomesticsmallpowerswitchpowersupply,thedesignmethodofamorepopularity.Sincethe1970s,emergedinmanyfunctioncompleteintegratedcontrolcircuit,switchpowersupplycircuitincreasinglysimplified,workingfrequencyenhances2unceasingly,improvingefficiency,andforpowerminiaturizationprovidesthebroadprospect.Threeendoff-linepulsewidthmodulationmonolithicintegratedcircuitTOP(ThreeswitchLine)willTerminalOffwithpowerswitchMOSFETPWMcontrolleronepackagetogether,hasbecomethemainstreamofswitchpowerlCdevelopment.AdoptTOPswitchlCdesignswitchpower,canmakethecircuitsimplified,volumefurthernarrowing,costalsoisdecreasedobviously.Monolithicswitchingpowersupplyhasthemonolithicintegrated,theminimalistperipheralcircuit,bestperformanceindex,noworkfrequencytransformercanconstituteasignificantadvantageswitchingpowersupply,etc.AmericanPl(with)companyinPowerinthemid1990sfirstlaunchedthenewhighfrequencyswitchingPowersupplychip,knownasthetopswitchPower,withlowcost,simplecircuit,higherefficiency.Thefirstgenerationofproductslaunchedin1994representedTOP100/200series,thesecondgenerationproductistheTOPSwitch-debutedin1997.Theaboveproductsonceappearedshowedstrongvitalityandhegreatlysimplifiesthedesignof150Wfollowingswitchingpowersupplyandthedevelopmentofnewproductsforthenewjob,also,highefficiencyandlowcostswitchpowersupplypromotionandpopularizationcreatedgoodcondition,whichcanbewidelyusedininstrumentation,notebookcomputers,mobilephones,TV,VCDandDVD,perturbationVCR,mobilephonebatterychargers,poweramplifierandotherfields,andformvariousminiaturization,density,onpricecancompetewiththelinearmanostatAC/DCpowertransformationmodule.Switchingpowersupplytointegrateddirectionoffuturedevelopmentwillbethemaintrend,powerdensitywillmoreandmorebig,toprocessrequirementswillincreasinglyhigh.Insemiconductordevicesandmagneticmaterials,nonewbreakthroughtechnology3progressbeforemajormightfindithardtoachieve,technologyinnovationwillfocusonhowtoimprovetheefficiencyandfocusonreducingweight.Therefore,craftlevelwillbeinthepositionofpowersupplymanufacturinghigherin.Inaddition,theapplicationofdigitalcontrolICisthefuturedirectionofthedevelopmentofaswitchpower.ThistrustinDSPforspeedandanti-interferencetechnologyunceasingenhancement.Asforadvancedcontrolmethod,nowtheindividualfeelshaventseenpracticabilityofthemethodappearsparticularlystrong,perhapswiththepopularityofdigitalcontrol,andtherearesomenewcontroltheoryintoswitchingpowersupply.(1)Thetechnology:withhighfrequencyswitchingfrequenciesincrease,switch3convertervolumealsodecrease,powerdensityhasalsobeenboosted,dynamicresponseimproved.SmallpowerDC-DCconverterswitchfrequencywillrisetoMHz.Butastheswitchfrequencyunceasingenhancement,switchcomponentsandpassivecomponentslossincreases,high-frequencyparasiticparametersandhigh-frequencyEMIandsoonthenewissueswillalsobecaused.(2)Softswitchingtechnologies:inordertoimprovetheefficiencyofnon-linearityofvarioussoftswitch,commutationtechnicalapplicationandhygiene,representativeofsoftswitchtechnologyispassiveandactivesoftswitchtechnology,mainlyincludingzerovoltageswitch/zerocurrentswitch(ZVS/ZCS)resonance,quasiresonant,zerovoltage/zerocurrentpulsewidthmodulationtechnology(ZVS/ZCS-PWM)andzerovoltagetransition/zerocurrenttransitionpulsewidthmodulation(PWM)ZVT/ZCT-technical,etc.Bymeansofsoftswitchtechnologycaneffectivelyreduceswitchlossandswitchstress,helpconvertertransformationefficiency.(3)Powerfactorcorrectiontechnology(ICsimplifiesPFC).AtpresentmainlydividedintoICsimplifiesPFCtechnologypassiveandactiveICsimplifiesPFCtechnologyusingICsimplifiesPFCtechnologytwokindsbig,IGsimplifiesPFCtechnologycanimproveAC-DCchangedeviceinputpowerfactor,reducetheharmonicpollutionofpowergrid.(4)Modulartechnology.Modulartechnologycanmeettheneedsofthedistributedpowersystem,enhancethesystemreliability.4(5)Lowoutputvoltagetechnology.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofsemiconductormanufacturingtechnology,microprocessorandportableelectronicdevicesworkmoreandmorelow,thisrequiresfutureDC-DGconvertercanprovidelowoutputvoltagetoadaptmicroprocessorandpowersupplyrequirementofportableelectronicdevices.Peopleinswitchingpowersupplytechnicalfieldsareedgedevelopingrelatedpowerelectronicsdevice,thesideoffrequencyconversiontechnology,developmentofswitchbetweenmutualpromotionpushswitchpowersupplywithmorethantwoyeargrowthtowardlight,digitalsmall,thin,lownoiseandhighreliability,anti-interferencedirection.SwitchingpowersupplycanbedividedintotheAC/DCandDC/DCtwokindsbig,alsohaveAC/ACDC/ACasinverterDC/DCconverterisnowrealizemodular,anddesigntechnologyandproductionprocessathomeandabroad,arematureandstandardization,andhasapprovedbyusers,buttheAC/DCmodular,becauseofitsowncharacteristicsintheprocessofmakingmodular,meet4morecomplextechnologyandcraftmanufactureproblems.Thefollowingtwotypesofswitchpowersupplyrespectivelyonthestructureandpropertiesofthis.Switchingpowersupplyisthedevelopmentdirectionofhighfrequency,highreliability,lowconsumption,lownoise,anti-jammingandmodular.Becauselightswitchpower,small,thinkeytechniquesarechanged,sohighoverseaseachbigswitchpowersupplymanufactureraredevotedtothedevelopmentofnewhighintelligentsynchronousrectifier,especiallytheimprovementofsecondarydevicesofthedevice,andpowerlossofZnferrite(Mn)material?Byincreasingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,toenhanceinhighfrequencyandlargermagneticfluxdensity(Bs)cangethighmagneticundertheminiaturizationof,andcapacitorisakeytechnology.SMTtechnologyapplicationmakesswitchingpowersupplyhasmadeconsiderableprogress,bothsidesinthecircuitboardtoensurethatdecoratecomponentsofswitchpowersupplylight,small,thin.ThehighfrequencyswitchingpowersupplyofthetraditionalPWMmustinnovateswitchtechnology,torealizetheZCSZVS,softswitchtechnologyhasbecomethemainstreamofswitchpowersupplytechnical,andgreatlyimprovetheefficiencyofswitchpower.For5highreliabilityindex,Americasswitchpowerproducers,reducebyloweringoperatingcurrentmeasuressuchasjunctiontemperatureofthedevice,inordertoreducestressthereliabilityofproductsmadegreatlyincreased.Modularityisofthegeneraldevelopmentofswitchpowersupplytrendcanbemodularpowercomponentdistributedpowersystem,canbedesignedtoN+1redundantsystem,andrealizethecapacityexpansionparallel.Accordingtoswitchpowerrunninglargenoisethisonedefect,ifseparatethepursuitofhighfrequencynoisewillincreaseitswiththepartialresonance,andtransformcircuittechnology,highfrequencycanberealizedintheoryandcanreducethenoise,butpartofthepracticalapplicationofresonantconversiontechnologystillhaveatechnicalproblem,sointhisareastillneedtocarryoutalotofwork,inordertomakethetechnologytopractionalutilization.Powerelectronictechnologyunceasinginnovation,switchpowersupplyindustryhasbroadprospectsfordevelopment.TospeedupthedevelopmentofswitchpowerindustryinChina,wemustwalkspeedoftechnologicalinnovationroad,combinationwithChinesecharacteristicsinthejointdevelopmentpath,forthehigh-speeddevelopmentofnationaleconomytomakethecontribution.6中文翻译稿智能开关电源随着电子技术的高速发展，电子系统的应用领域越来越广泛，电子设备的种类也越来越多，电子设备与人们的工作、生活的关系口益密切。任何电子设备都离不开可靠的电源，它们对电源的要求也越来越高。电子设备的小型化和低成本化使电源以轻、薄、小和高效率为发展方向。传统的晶体管串联调整稳压电源是连续控制的线性稳压电源。这种传统稳压电源技术比较成熟并且已有人量集成化的线性稳压电源模块具有稳定性能好、输出波纹电压小、使用可靠等优点。但通常都需要体积人且笨重的工频变压器与体积和重量都很大的滤波器。二十世纪五十年代，美国宇航局以小型化、重量轻为日标，为搭载火箭开发了开关电源。在近半个世纪的发展过程中，开关电源因具有重量轻、体积小、效率高、稳压范围宽等优点，在电子电气、控制、计算机等许多领域的电子设备中得到了广泛的使用。二十世纪八十年代，计算机全面实现了开关电源化，率先完成计算机的电源换代。二十世纪九十年代，开关电源在电子、电器设备、家电领域得到了广泛的应用开关电源技术进入快速发展期。此外，人规模集成电路技术的迅速发展，又使开关电源有了质的飞跃，掀起了电源产品高频化、小型化、模块化的浪潮。功率开关管、PWM控制器和高频变压器是开关电源必不可少的组成部分。传统的开关电源一般均采用分立的高频功率开关管和多引脚的PWM集成控制器，例如采用UC3842+MOSFET是国内小功率开关电源中较为普及的设计方法。七十年代以米涌现出许多功能完备的集成控制电路使开关电源电路口益简化工作频率不断提高效率提高并为电源小型化提供了广阔的前景。三端离线式脉宽调制单片开关集成电路TOP(ThreeTerminalOffLine)将PWM控制器，与功率开关MOSFET合二为一封装在一起，已成为开关电源IC发展的主流。采用TOP开关集成电路设计开关电源，可使电路简化，体积进一步缩小，成本也明显降低。单片开关电源具有单片集成化、最简外围电路、最佳性能指标、能构成无工频变压器开关电源等显著优点。美国PI(PowerIntegration)公司于上世纪九十年代中期率先推出的新型高频开关电源芯片，被誉为“顶级开关电源”，具有成本低、电路简单、效率高等优点。其第一代产品以1994年推出的TOP100/200系列为代表，第二代产品则是1997年问世的TOP7Switch-II。上述产品一经问6世便显示出强大的生命力，他极大地简化了150W以下开关电源的设计和新产品的开发工作，也为新型、高效、低成本开关电源的推广与普及创造了良好条件，可广泛用于仪器仪表、笔记本电脑、移动电话、电视机、VCD和DVD、摄录像机、手机电池充电器、功率放大器等领域，并构成各种小型化、高密度、在价格上能与线性稳压电源相竞争的AC/DC电源变换模块。开关电源向集成化方向发展将是未来的主要趋势，功率密度将越来越大，对工艺的要求也会越米越高。在半导体器件和磁性材料没有新的突破之前，重大的技术进展可能很难实现，技术创新的重点将集中在如何提高效率和减小重量。因此，工艺水平将会在电源制造中占的地位越来越高。另外，数字控制集成电路的应用也是将来开关电源发展的一个方向，这信赖于DSP运行速度和抗干扰技术的不断提高。至于先进的控制方法，目前个人觉得还没有看到实用性特别强的方法出现，也许随着数字控制的普及，会有一些新的控制理论运用到开关电源中来。(1)高频化技术：随着开关频率的提高，开关变换器的体积也随之减少，功率密度也得到大幅提升，动态响应得到改善。小功率DC-DC变换器的开关频率将上升到MHz。但随着开关频率的不断提高，开关元件和无源元件损耗的增加、高频寄生参数以及高频EMI等新的问题也将随之产生。(2)软开关技术：为提高变换器的变换效率，各种软开关技术应用而生。具有代表性的是光源软开关技术和有源软开关技术，主要包括零电压开关/零电流开关(ZVS/ZCS)谐振、准谐振、零电压/零电流脉宽调制技术(ZVS/ZCS-PWM)以及零电