文献翻译——以G语言为基础的虚拟实验平台的设计沟通和测量控制

苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第1页外文文献资料GLanguageBasedDesignofVirtualExperimentPlatformforCommunicationwithMeasurementandControlAbstractInordertoexploremoreconvenientwaystodesignthemeasureandcontrolplatform,andenhancetheintelligentlevelofinstrument,thispaperusedGraphicalProgrammingLanguageLabVIEWtorealizethekindvirtualpanel,andputtheintelligentpartoftheequipmenttoprocessbycomputer.Thepaperdesignedthevirtualtestplatformforcommunicationwithmeasurementandcontrol.Aftertesting,theplatformhashighspeedofdataacquisition,isabletoeffectivelydealwithparametersoftheobjectfortestingandoutputtheresult,aswellascanwellcommunicatewithotherdevices.Keywords:ElectricalMetrologyApplications;Automation;LabVIEW;SoftwareValidation1.IntroductionAtpresent,scientificinstrumentsdevelopinthedigital,intelligent,network-based,micro-orient.Virtualinstrument(VI)asanimportantmanifestationofthesedirections,itisadataacquisitionsystemorganizedinaccordancewiththeinstrumentneeds1.Ittakesthegeneralpurposecomputerasthecorehardwareplatform,thedesigndefinedbytheuser.Ithasavirtualpanel;thetestfunctionisperformedbytestingsoftware2.Glanguage(i.e.graphicalprogramminglanguage)basedvirtualinstrumenthasafriendlyfrontpanelcontrol3,4.Itgivestheintelligentpartofordinaryapparatustothecomputertocomplete,easy-to-simulation,andenhancetheflexibilityandreliabilityetc.oftheinstrument.Itistheleaderinthefieldofmeasurementandcontroltechnology,alsohasapriceadvantageinintegratedapplication5.ThispaperusesGlanguageLabVIEW(LaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench)torealizeacommunication,monitoringandcontrolvirtualtestplatform.NISelectricallaboratoryaswellashighvoltagelabo-ratoryhavedifferenttypesandmodelsofsourcingin-strumentssuchastheFluke5720A,andtheWavetek9100referencecalibrators;addingtomeasuringinstru-mentssuchasFluke8508A,Fluke8846AandHP3458Adigital苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第2页multimeters(DMMs).Therefore,onemoreauto-maticcalibrationsystemusingLabVIEWsoftwarehasbeenbuiltatNIStocontrolandcalibratethehighsensi-tiveelectricalsourcingandmeasuringinstruments.ThispaperintroducestwonewautomaticcalibrationsystemsthatrelyonLabview,Wherebothsoftwareandhardwareofthesystemsarefullypresented.Themanualandautomaticcalibrationresultsofcalibrating10VoutputsofsevenZenerDiodeunitsareintroducedagainstthereferenceunitofthefirstset(Fluke734A).Inaddition,acomparisonbetweenthemanualandauto-maticcalibrationresultsofthesourcingandmeasuringinstrumentsisintroduced.Copyright2.MeasurementandcontrolsoftwarearchitecturebasedonLabVIEWGlanguageLabVIEWhasobject-orientedprogrammingstructuresandtools.Itcandesigncomplexity,moremodulartestapplicationandchangeverylittletestingframeworktointegratenewtestmodules.Soitiseasytoexpandtheirtestapplications.Likeasotherobject-orientedlanguages(suchasC+andJava),LabVIEWincludesclassstructure,encapsulation,inheritanceandotherconcepts6,7.Byconstructingaclassmethod,itcancompletelyseparatefromthedatabetweendifferentmodules,evenseparatethedataandoperation.Thisensuresthatdifferentmodulescanbecompletelyindependentofthedevelopment,testing8.Modificationofamodulewillnotaffectanyothermodules.Itcancreatemoremaintainablecode,sothecodechangesdonotaffecttheapplicationofothercode.Asacompiledgraphicsprogramminglanguage,LabVIEWusuallyusedforscientificcomputing,processcontrol,testareas9.Itismainlycomposedofthreeparts,namelythefrontpanel,theblockdiagramandtheicon/connector.Themainfeatureistheuseofengineeringandtechnicalpersonnelarefamiliarwiththecontrols,iconsandothergraphicalsymbolsinsteadofconventionaltextprogramming.Inaddition,itisrichinfunctionandsubroutinelibrary,andthereisaveryuser-friendlyfeaturetohelpdebugfixes10.LabVIEWprogramdevelopedtakesVIasthebasicunit.Resultsofadesign(e.g.VI)canbedefinedasasubroutine(SubVI),tofacilitaterepeatcallsinarelatedprogramming11,12.LabVIEWisadevelopmentplatformforscientistsandengineers.Inthispaper,measurementandcontrolsoftwareofenthalpypotentialmethodexperimentaldeviceofairconditioneristakenasanapplicationexample,useLabVIEWtoachievethecomposition,thebasicmodulefunctionsofcontrolsoftwareandsystemtestmethods.ThemonitoringandcontrolsoftwarebasedonGlanguageLabVIEWisshowninFigure1.苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第3页Fig.1.MeasurementandcontrolSoftwaremodulearchitecture.3.MeasurementDatacommunicationisthecoreofmeasurementandcontrolsoftwaresystem,whichisresponsibleforthecommunicationofproceduresandlowercomputer.HostcomputerHostcomputercancommunicateproperlywiththelowercomputerordataacquisitionequipmentornotdirectlyrelatedtothenormalrealtimedataacquisition.Ifitcannotcollectreal-timedata,thenitwillnotbeabletoefficientlycomputedisplay,storageandotherfollow-up.ThecontrolsystemusingthestandardRS-232serialinterfacebuscommunicatewithgeneralpurposeinterfacebusGPIBandcontrolexternaldevices.Finally,thefunctionspecificationswillcoverallthedetailsofhowtheend-useroftheautomaticsystemistointeractwiththissystem.Eventually,eachfunctionde-scribedwillrequireatesttoprovecompliancewiththespecification.Therefore,thisdocumentwillbeusedastheinputtothefunctionaltest.3.1.SerialCommunication苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第4页Serial(RS-232)isastandardPCmachine.Itisusedforserialdatatransmission.Itsdevelopmentandapplicationissimple,itcanbedirectlyusedinshortdistancecommunicationsanddatatransmissionratelessdemandingcircumstances.SerialcommunicationmoduleusesSequencestructuretocompile,thefirstusingSerialPortInitnodeinitializetheserialport,settheserialportparameters.Second,itappliesSerialPortWritenodetosendastandarddataacquisitionmachinelanguage(SCPI)command.Toensurethattheentiredataacquisitiondevicecanreturndatatocomputer,itaddsadelayaftersending.Finally,theprogramwillusetheSerialPortReadnodereturndataofdatacollectiondevicestodisplayonthecomputer.TheserialportInitializingandwritinginstructionblockdiagramisshowninFigure2.Whenthesoftwaredesignisfinishedthesoftwarecanbefullyimplemented.Thecodeiscreatedconcerningde-cideddesignofthesoftware.LabVIEWisagraphicalprogramminglanguageandstatestransitiondiagramtofollowthecodingconversiondeclaredinthedesign.Themoduletestisexecutedtoprovethateachmodule(VI)requirementinthedesigndocumentisfulfilled.Theex-cellenttestwillillustratethatthemoduleachievesthedesignedfunction.Thefunctionaltestisperformedaswell.Thistestlevelishigherthanthelevelofthemoduletest.Ittestshowthemodulesworktogetherconcerningfunctionsdefinedinthefunctionalspecification.More-over,itteststheoperatorinterfacesandoutputresultsforstabilityandaccuracy.Aftermoduleandfunctionalsuc-cessfullytesting,theoperationaltestingisperformedbyimplementingtheLabVIEWsoftwareinthecalibrationsystem.ItispreferredtoperformthefunctionaltestsoncemoreinthefinalversionoftheLabVIEWsoftwareFig.2.TheserialportInitializingandwritinginstruction3.2.GPIBCommunicationThesoftwaredesignisarecordofhowtherequirementswillbeimplemented.Thedesign苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第5页documentmayusestatediagrams,flowchartsorformalmethodstodescribethesoftwaredesign.Inthiscase,LabVIEWisusedasthedevelopmentlanguage.Itisarapiddevelopmentsystemandprovidesusefuldocumentationtoolsthatcanbeusedinthedevelopmentofthedesigndocument.ThedesigndocumentincludestheprogramstructureonthebaseofLabVIEWVirtualInstruments(VI)hierarchy,module(VI)design,LabVIEWcodingconventionsandLab-VIEWtools8.Eachmoduledefinedinthisdesignwillrequireatesttoverifycompliancewiththerequirements.Thegeneralpurposeinterfacebus(GPIB)standardofconnectivityandcontrolprogrammableequipmentconnectiondevelopedbyHewlettPackardprovidesanumberofnecessarynormsandagreementstomanagementcommunicate.GPIBhandshakecanbeusedbyothercomputersorinstrumentscollecteddataintothecomputer.GPIBcommunicationsub-modulealsousesSequence(order)structureprepared.First,theuseofGPIBWritenodesendSCPIcommandstotheinstrument,theoperationalsoprovidesoverflowtime.Secondly,theuseofGPIBReadnodereturnsdatafromtheinstrumentbacktothecomputer.TheblockdiagramisshowninFigure3.Fig.3.Fig.3.GPIBwritecommands.4.ThesystemtestmethodoftheplatformEnthalpypotentialmethodexperimentaldeviceofairconditioneruseKeithleyCompanys2700dataacquisitioninstrumentasthelowercomputerofcontrolsystem.The2700typeofinstrumentisasix-halfhighperformancedigitalmultimeter/dataacquisitionsystem,itcanmeasureDC,ACvoltage/current,2-wire/4-wireresistance,thermocouple,thermistor,and4-wireRTDtemperaturemeasurement,itcanalsomeasurefrequency,period,andconduction.Therearetwoslotsatthehindpanelofthistypeofcollectioninstrument,itcanbeinsertedintoavarietyof7700seriesmodules.Thetwomodulesarethe7700and7702.7700poleswitchmodulehas20channelsinputchannels.Itcanbeusedforvoltage,resistance,frequency,periodandtemperaturemeasurements,andalsoprovides2currentchannels.7702switchmodulehas40channels,butalsohave2currentchannels.Anyclosedorscanchannelmoduleisablebemeasured苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第6页bythe2700.Forthescanningmode,eachchannelcandefinedmeasuredfunction,rangeandresolutionandotherparameters,separately.Thetwoswitchmodulescanbedirectlyconnectedtovarioussensorstorealizeassociatedmeasurements.Thepanelalsohastwostandardcommunicationinterface:standardserialcommunicationinterface(RS-232)andgeneralpurposeinterfacebus(GPIB).Thisprovidesrealdatasourceforsoftware.Itcancarryoutacomprehensivetestontheperformanceofthesoftware.NISLabVIEWsoftwareforcalibratingzenerdioderef-erencestandardsaswellaselectricalsourcingandmeas-uringinstrumentshavebeenbuiltfollowingtheapplica-tionofthepreviousprocedures.LabVIEWconsistsoftwomaincomponents:thefrontpanelandtheblockdia-gram;besides,italsocontainsacomprehensivelibraryfordatacollection,analysis,presentationandstorage.Programexecutionisdeterminedbythestructureofagraphicalblockdiagramonwhichtheprogrammercon-nectsdifferentfunctionnodesbydrawingwires.Thesewirespropagatevariablesandanynodecanexecuteassoonasallitsinputdatabecomeavailable.Thefrontpanelisusedtointeractwiththeuserwhentheprogramisrunning.Usercancontroltheprogram,changeinputs,andseedataupdatedinrealtime.Thefrontpanelandtheblockdiagramoftheautomaticcalibrationsys-temshavebeencarriedout.Uncertaintyofmeasurementisthedoubtthatexistsabouttheresultofanymeasure-ment.Foreverymeasurementeventhemostcare-fulthereisalwaysamarginofdoubt.Internationalme-trologyorganizationsrecommendthatuncertaintiesshouldhavetwotypes,basedonthemethodbywhichtheyareevaluated.Thecombineduncertaintyequalstotherootsumsquareofalltheuncertaintycontributions.Theexpandeduncertaintyisobtainedbymultiplyingthecombineduncertaintybycoveragefactor“k”.Thevalueofcoveragefactorgivestheconfidencelevelfortheexpandeduncertainty.Mostcommonly,theoveralluncertaintyisscaledbyusingthecoveragefactork=2,togivealevelofconfidenceofapproximately95%Thenewautomaticcalibra-tionsystemshavethefacilitytoautomaticallycalculatethemeasurementsrepeatability,storethedata,record,andreportthecalibrationresults.Thirtyreadingshavebeenautomaticallytakenandtransferredtotheexcelsheetsbythesoftware.4.1.CommunicationModuleTestSelectacommunicationmodeintheinstrumentsfrontpaneltosettheassociatedparameters.Forserialcommunication,forexample,pressSHIFTkeyinthe2700sfrontpanel,thenpressENTER,soentertheserialcommunicationinterface.Useleftandright,upanddownarrowkeystoenableserialcommunication,thatis,RS-232isONstate.Nextsettheserialportparameters:Setthebaudrate,usingupanddown,leftandrightarrowkeystoselectthebaudrate,thebaudrateis300,600,1200,2400,4800,9600,19.2K,instrumentdefaultvalueis4800.PressENTERtoend;苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第7页Flowcontrol,alsousingthearrowkeystoselectaflowcontrolapproach.TestusingXonXoffmode,pressENTERtoend;Settheendcharacter,theendcharacterhasCR(carriagereturn),LF(linefeed),CRLF(carriagereturn+linefeed),andLFCR(linefeed+carriagereturn)infourways.TestwithLFCRapproach,pressENTERkeytoendtheparametersettings.Aftercompletionofinstrumentserialportparameters,thesoftwaremustinitializetheserialport.Baudrate,flowcontrolandotherparameterssettobeconsistentwiththeinstrument,whilethesoftwareserialportshouldbeconsistentwiththeactualserialportinuse.TheserialportinitializationmainlycompletebytheUniversalSerialBusnodeinitialization.Whenthesoftwareandhardwaresettingsarefinished,clicktherunarrow,theprogramstarteddatacollection.Thedatacollectedcanbewelldisplayedonthescreen.Thecurvecanbereal-timerendering.GPIBcommunicationcanalsobeusedtotestinthesameway.Inordertovalidatethefirstsystemforitsspecificpur-pose,ithasbeenutilizedincalibratingtheNISZenerDiodeReferenceStandardsGroupat10Voutputandtheresultshavebeencomparedwiththoseobtainedbytheirmanualcalibration.Then,thecalibrationmeasurementsuncertaintyinbothmodeshasbeenevaluatedandcom-paredby(automaticallyandmanually)testingthesystemunderthesamecalibrationconditionstentimes,infiveconsecutivedays.Eachdaytenobservationshavebeentakentoevaluatetheaveragevalue.Thesamescanner,DMM,connectingcablesandthesameenvironmentalconditionsofthelabhavebeenusedinbothmanualandautomaticcalibrations.4.2.DataanalysismoduletestWhentestingthemodulefunctiondoesnotneedtouserealdatasource,aslongasusingthesoftwareproduceasignalgeneratortoimitate.Orusetheoriginalhandcalculationmethods.Inputparameterstocontrols,runthesubroutine,comparetheoutputresultswiththehandcalculation.Aftertesting,theprogramcancalculatecorrectly.5.ConclusionGlanguageLabVIEWcanbeeffectivelyachievedavirtualpanelinthepersonalcomputer.Virtualinstrumentpanelhasthevirtualswitches,buttonsandknobswiththesamefunctionofrealinstrument.Useroperatestheinstrumentthroughthefriendlygraphicalinterface,thuscompletingthemeasurementsignalacquisition,analysis,judgment,display,anddataaccess.Insummary,thecommunicationandcontrolsystemhasthefollowingfunctions:on-linemonitoringofexperimentalprocessandachievemulti-windowscreendisplays.Itcanautomaticallydetect,calculateanddisplaytemperature,humidity,pressure,instantaneousflowofvariouspointsoftheexperimental苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第8页device,aswellascalculatethecoldheat,wind,energyefficiency,capacityratioetc.theresultsofthevariouscollectionpoints.Anditisabletodisplayinavarietyofwaystext,tables,instruments,andcurves.Savethedatainatimelymanner,andcanquerythehistoricaldataandprint.Itcancommunicatethroughtheserialportdatalogger,PLCandotherintelligentinstruments.TwoautomaticcalibrationsystemsusingLabVIEWgra-phicallanguagehavebeenbuiltatNIS.ThefirstoneisperformedforcalibratingDCZenerDiodereferencestandardswhilethesecondoneisimplementedforcali-bratingtheelectricalsourcingandmeasuringinstruments.Bothsystemshavebeendesignedandimplementedasconsistentconstructionfromthenationalelectricalref-erencestandardsthatcandisseminatethetraceabilityofalltheinstrumentsundercalibration.Thenewautomaticsystemsenablefastandreliablemeasurementfunctionincludingstatisticalproceeding,measurementresultsvi-sualizationonthescreenandgenerationofmeasure-mentreport.Thissignificantlyimprovesthemeasure-mentprocessaswellasthecalibrationprocess.Thesoft-warevalidationprocessforthenewautomatedsystemshasshownthefunctionalityofthetwosystemsandafullcompatibilitywithcalibrationmeasurementsmadema-nuallyandbytheautomatedsystems.Addingto,per-formingratherenhanceduncertaintyresultsintheauto-maticoperation.ThenewautomaticcalibrationsystemsarenowinuseforthecalibrationsofboththeNISandthecustomerDCZenerDiodereferencestandardsaswellastheelectricalsourcingandmeasuringinstru-ments.AcknowledgementsThisworkwassupportedbyAnhuiProvincialNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaunderGrantNo.10040606Q64,SuzhouUniversityIntelligentInformationProcessingLaboratoryOpenSubjectFoundationunderGrantNo.2010YKF13and2011YKF09.苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第9页以G语言为基础的虚拟实验平台的设计沟通和测量控制摘要：为了探索更方便的方式来设计测量和控制平台,并提高智能水平的仪器,本文使用图形化编程语言LabVIEW实现虚拟面板,并将由计算机智能设备过程的一部分。本文设计的虚拟测试平台沟通与测量和控制。测试后,平台高速数据采集,可以有效地处理对象的参数进行测试和输出结果,以及可以沟通与其他设备。关键词：电力计量应用程序;自动化;LabVIEW;软件验证1引言：目前科学仪器发展的数字化,智能化,网络化,微型化。虚拟仪器(VI)作为一种重要的表现的方向,这是一个数据采集系统组织按照仪器需要1。它以通用计算机为核心硬件平台,设计由用户定义。它有一个虚拟面板;测试执行的函数测试软件2。G语言(即图形编程语言)为基础的虚拟仪器有一个友好的前面板控制(3、4)。它给普通装置计算机智能的部分完成,易仿真,提高仪器的灵活性和可靠性等。这是测量和控制领域的技术领导者,也有价格优势在综合应用5。本文运用G语言虚拟仪器实验室虚拟仪器工程工作台)实现通信、监控和控制虚拟测试平台。2基于LabVIEW的测量和控制软件架构:G面向对象编程语言虚拟仪器结构和工具。它可以设计复杂性,更模块化的测试应用程序,改变很少的测试框架集成新的测试模块。所以很容易扩大他们的测试应用程序。像其他面向对象的语言(如c+和Java),虚拟仪器包括类结构、封装、继承等概念6、7。通过构造一个类方法,它可以从不同模块之间的数据完全独立,甚至单独的数据和操作。这将确保不同的模块可以完全独立的开发,测试8。修改一个模块不会影响其他模块。它可以创建更易于维护代码,代码更改不影响其他应用程序的代码。作为一个图形编程语言编制虚拟仪器通常用于科学计算,过程控制、测试区域9。它主要由三部分组成,即前面板、块图和图标/连接器。的主要特点是使用工程和技术人员熟悉控制图标和其他图形符号来代替传统的文本编程。在另外,丰富的函数和子程序库,有一个非常用户友好的特性来帮助调试修复10。虚拟仪器程序开发以六世为基本单位。设计的结果(例如VI)被定义为子例程(vi),方便重复调用在一个相关的编程(11、12)。虚拟仪器是一种科学家和工程师的开发平台。在本文中,测量和控制软件的焓差法实验装置空调作为一个应用实例,用虚拟仪器实现组成、基本控制软件和系统的模块功能测试方法。监测和控制软件的苏州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）附件：外文文献资料与中文翻译稿第10页基础G语言上的虚拟仪器如图1所示。图1测量和控制软件模块的架构3基于LabVIEW的测量和控制软件架构:数据通信是测控软件系统的核心,负责过程和降低计算机的通信。主机主机可以正常沟通与较低的计算机或数据采集设备正常与否直接关系到实时数据采集。如果它不能收集实时数据,那么它将无法有效地计算显示,存储和其他后续。控制系统使用标准的rs-232串行接口总线与通用接口总线通用接口总线