外文翻译-500千伏GIS变电站的雷电过电压保护研究

英文原文ResearchonLightningOver-voltageProtectionfor500kVGISSubstationAbstractThispapercombinesincominglineswith500kvGISsubstation,consideringtheinfluenceoftheimpulsevoltage-secondcharacteristicsofinsulatorstrings,theimpulsecoronaofincominglines,theimpulsegroundingresistanceoftowerandthepositionoflightning.ATP-EMTPsimulationprogramisappliedtoanalyzethelightningover-voltageof500kvGISsubstation.Theresultshowsthatimpulsecoronaandtheresistanceoftowerwhichisclosetothesubstationhavegreatinfluenceonover-voltage,whenlightningstrikethetowerwhichisclosetoterminaldoor-typedstructure,thelightningover-voltagemaybenotthemostserious,andwhentheover-voltageoftheequipmentisveryserious,agroupofarresterisinstalledwhichcandecreasetheover-voltageeffectively.Thisresearchthinkingtakessafetyandeconomyintoaccount,whichcanprovidenewreferencefortheengineering.Keywords-GISsubstation;impulsecorona;groundingresistance;positionoflightning;over-voltage.I.INTRODUCTIONWiththe500kVpowertransmissionprojectconstructionanddevelopment,theelectricpowerscientificresearchanddesignunitsaregraduallyindepthstudyandtest,calculationandanalysisoflightningincomingsurgeprotectionof500kVsubstationasanimportantparthasalsomadegreatprogress.However,anumberofschemeisnotpractical,someofthemjustover-emphasisoninsulationmarginnotconsideredfromtheviewofeconomic;someonlythroughunilateralcalculationgivesschemewhichlefthiddentroublesforsafety.The50%dischargevoltageofinsulatorstringasinvadedwavewasselectedasinliterature,suchthatmethodtoselectisnotrecommendedbecausetheimpulsevoltage-secondcharacteristicsofinsulatorstringschangewithtime.Theimpulsegroundingresistanceoftowerandimpulsecoronawasignoredasinreference,accordingtotheactualsituationinview,themodelappearstobeconservativeandrough.Thelightningstrikespotswaschosen1#towerwhichclosetodoor-typedstructure(0#tower)asmostserioustodealwith,insomecasesmybecorrectbutnotallcases.Alargenumberofstudieshaveshownthat1#towertoppotentialwasreducedas1#towernear0#towerwhenlightningstrike1#.Alargenumberofstudiesshowthatalargenumberofstudieshaveshown,whenthelightningstrike1#towerwhichisnexttotheterminalgate-typeframework,toppotentialofthe1#towerisreduced,becausethenegativereflectionwavereturntothe1#towerby0#tower,whichmaketheovervoltagedecreased.Soonlycalculationlightningstrike1#isnotcomplete.Thispapercombinesincominglineswith500kvGISsubstation,consideringtheinfluenceoftheimpulsevoltage-secondcharacteristicsofinsulatorstrings,theimpulsecoronaofincominglines,theimpulsegroundingresistanceoftowerandthepositionoflightning.ATP-EMTPsimulationprogramisappliedtoanalyzethelightningover-voltageeffectaboutdistantandnearimpactgroundingresistance,thepositionofarresterwhichprovidenewreferencefortheengineering.II.MODELFOUNDATIONANDPARAMETERSELECTIONATPDrawisthemostwidelyusedonaelectro-magnetictransientsimulation,duetothegraphicinterface,makesthissoftwareconvenientandaccuracybyusing.Inthisresearch,lightningmodels,transmissionlinemodels,towermodel,arrestermodel,allofthatbedefinedbasedonthecharacteristicsofparameter,thetransformer,disconnector,breakeretc,allofthesecanbeexpressedbyequivalenceimpactentrancecapacitanceunderthelightingwave.A.Theequivalentcircuitdiagramof500kVGISSubstationAsshowninfigure1:thisisaequivalentcircuitdiagramof500kVGISSubstation,consideringthesecurityofsystem,“OneBusOneTransformer”waschoseasthemostseriousrunningmodeloflightingover-voltagetosimulationcomputation.Asshowninfigure:CVTiscapacitorvoltagetransformer;DSisdisconnector;CTiscurrenttransformer;CBiscircuitbreaker;Fisarrester;Tistransformer.B.LightningSimulationLightningcurrentisbelongingtounipolarpulsewave,Chinasstandardsrecommendedbylightningcurrentamplitudeprobabilitydistributionasfollows:Inthisequality,Iislightningcurrent,PistheprobabilityofamplitudegreaterthanI.Thisarticletakingtheprobabilityof0.14%amplitudeis240kAwaveof2.6/50usassimulationlightningcurrent.C.InsulatorStringsSimulationAsshowninFigure2isInsulatorstringsmodel,whentheinducedover-voltageishigherthanvoltage-secondcharacteristicsofinsulatorstrings,thecontrolswitchwillkeepthisexportstatewhichthepartofcriterionpassedto25piecesofinsulatorsofXP-160styleisusedinthisarticlethevoltage-secondcharacteristicsofinsulatorstringswhichstructurelinearcoefficienttoclosebyleastsquaremethod.Thevoltage-secondcharacteristicsasshownintable.Thefunctionofvoltage-secondcharacteristicsofinsulatorsisstructuredbylinearregressionanalysisinmatlab.Theexponentialfunctionaftercalculationisthat:D.IncominglineofsubstationsimulationThisarticlechoose2kilometerincominglinesimulation6tower,lightningstrikeTW1#,TW2#,TW3#isconsidered.Towersimulation:Thetowerwhichlightningstrikeusenaturalsizedistributedparametersimulation,Inthisarticlethetowerofwaveimpedanceis115,wavevelocityis210m/us.Incominglineparameter:Theconductoris4LG-300,bundlespacingis400mm,diameteris23.94mm,averageheightis27m,arcsagis17m,thedcresistanceis0.09614/kmunder20m;ThelightningshieldlineisOPGW-140A,diameteris15.7mm,averageheightis37m,arcsagis15m,thedcresistanceis0.51/kmunder20m.E.CoronaSimulationInordertoresearchthewaveattenuationanddistortioninfluenceonresultsthecoronaisconsideredinthisarticle.Referenceshowthattheconductancecanbeignoredonlyusedynamiccapacitancetosimulatetheattenuationanddistortionunderlightningover-voltage.ThecombinedmodelofTACSisusedtosimulationbasedonthelinesofcoronacharacteristicsinthisarticle,TheDEVICESinFig.3iscriterionwhichphasetophaseandphasetogroundtostartcorona.F.ParametersofarresterTheenclosedtypeZnoarresterisinstalledinsideofGIS,theopentypeZnoarresterisinstalledoutsideofGIS.TheelectricalcharacteristicsofZnoarrestershownintable.III.EFFECTOFVARIOUSFACTORSUNDERLIGHTNINGINCOMINGSURGEA.PositionoflightningstrikeThetower0#to2#isnamednearregiontowerwhichimpulsegroundingresistanceis15,Thetower3#to6#isnamedfarregiontowerwhichimpulsegroundingresistanceis20.Accordingtotable.theover-voltageoflightningstrikeTW2#ismoreseriousthanTW1#.InresearchifchoselightningstrikeTW1#asmostseriousconditiontodealwithisunreasonableitwillbringsecurityhiddendanger.Figure4.Thewaveofover-voltageontransformerwhenlightningstrikeThewaveontransformerunderlightningstrikeisshowninfig.4,thenthefollowingconclusionsaredrawn:thesteepnessofstrikingTW1#isgreaterthanTW2#,thetransformhavedifferentdistancefromthetransformer,sothereisacertaindelayinthewave.TW1#shortdistanceawayfromthesubstation,thelightningwavenegativereflectiontoTW1#andreducetheover-voltage.B.ImpulseCoronaTomakestudyconvenientthecoronawasignoredsotherehadacertainerror.Thisarticlediscusstheeffectofcoronainactual.Whencoronaproduced,therehavevolumeandvelocitygreaterdifferencenegativeandpositiveionsaroundconductorformcoronaenvelop.Thecoronaenvelopcanincreasethecapacitanceandconductanceofconductor.ThewavewhichlightningstrikeTW2#consideredcoronaasshowninfig.5Figure5.TheVoltageWaveformofTransformerThefollowingconclusionscanbefoundaccordingtofig.5:Therehaveattenuationanddistortionandalsohaveacertaindelayundercorona.Themaximumover-voltagevalueontransformeris1152.4kVwhenconsideredcoronaelseis1183.2kV,thedecaycausedbycoronais30.8kV.Coronahavefavorableforover-voltageprotectionwhichcanreducetheamplitudeandsteepness.C.ImpulseGroundingResistanceofTowerInordertomakestudyconvenient,theimpulsegroundingresistanceofTW0#TW2#expressedasnearregionresistancelabeledasR1,andtheTW3#TW6#expressedasfarregionresistancelabeledasR2.ChangeR1andR2theover-voltageofequipmentisshownintable.Asshowninthetable.smallerimpulsegroundingresistance,thelowerover-voltageinequipment.WhentheR2decreasing,thevoltagedecreaseslightly;whentheR1decreasing,thevoltagedecreasemore.Forexample,resistancereduce1,theover-voltagereducethousandsofkV.Therefore,reducenearregionimpulsegroundingresistancehavegreatsignificanceforlimitover-voltagelevelandsavecost.D.ThepositionofarresterInordertoanalyzetheeffectthatthenumberandthepositionofarrester,thisarticlecalculatedasfollows:(1)addasetofarresteronoutgoingline;(2)removethearresteroftransformer;(3)removethearresterofoutgoingline;(4)removethearresterbothoutgoinglineandtransformer.ThetransformerandCVTconfigurationmodelofY10W5-420/960arresterandThemostseriouscondition“Singlelinesingletransformer,lightningstrikeTW2#”ischose.Fromthetable.wecanconclusionthat:1.Installarresterhavealargeextentreducetheover-voltage,onceremovethearrestertransformeroroutgoinglinetheover-voltageonequipmentincreasesignificantlyevenexceedinsulationlevel.2.Theconfigurationofarresteratpresent,theover-voltageontransformerstillveryhigh,theinsulationmarginonly12.23%.3.Whenaddasetofarresteronoutgoingline,theover-voltageofequipmenthavedecreasedsignificantly.Theinsulationmarginhaveriseto24.89%.IV.CONCLUSION(1)Accordingtothesimulationinthepast,itwasgenerallybelievedthattheover-voltagecausedbylightningstrikeTW1#wasmostserious,thispapershowsthat,lightningstrikeTW2#mayhavemoreserious.OnlychoicestrikeTW1#asthelargestover-voltagetodealwithisunreasonable,itwillleavesecurityhiddendanger.(2)Therehaveattenuationanddistortionandalsohaveacertaindelayundercorona,itisfavorableforover-voltageprotectionwhichcanreducetheamplitudeandsteepness.(3)Smallerimpulsegroundingresistance,thelowerover-voltageinequipment.whennearregionimpulsegroundingresistancedecreasing,thevoltagedecreasemore.Theresistancereduce1,theover-voltagereducethousandsofkV.Therefore,reducenearregionimpulsegroundingresistancehavegreatsignificanceforlimitover-voltagelevelandsavecost.Asreference3ignorealloftheseeffectswillbebringagreaterror.(4)Theover-voltageontransformerisstillhighaccordingtothepresentconfiguration.Theover-voltagelevelsdecreaseifaddasetofarresterinoutgoingline.Itcanprovidereferencefortheengineering.中文译文500千伏GIS变电站的雷电过电压保护研究摘要本文结合输电线与500千伏GIS变电站，并考虑到绝缘子串的脉冲伏秒特点的影响，脉冲电晕，杆塔接地电阻的脉冲和闪电的位置。ATP-EMTP仿真是用来分析500千伏GIS变电站的雷电过电压。结果表明，脉冲电晕和靠近变电站的塔阻力对过电压有很大的影响，当雷击靠近码头门式结构的塔，雷电过电压可能不是最严重的，而设备的过电压是非常严重的，安装避雷器组可以有效降低过电压。这研究考虑到安全和经济因素，可以为工程提供新的参考。关键词：脉冲电晕；接地电阻；GIS变电站；闪电位置；过电压。1.导言随着500千伏输变电工程的建设和发展，电力科研设计单位正在逐步深入的研究和试验，计算分析雷电侵入波保护作为500KV变电站的重要组成部分也取得了长足的进步。然而，有很多事不切实际的计划，其中一些只是过分强调保温而不从经济观点考虑，有的只是通过单方面计算给计划留下安全隐患。50放电绝缘子串电压侵入波，但不建议选择这样的方法，因为绝缘子串的脉冲伏秒特性随时间变化。该脉冲和脉冲电晕塔接地电阻忽略，根据实际情况，模型似乎是保守和粗糙的。雷击点是1，就选接近门型结构（0塔）为最严重的来处理，在某些情况下，是正确的，但并非对所有的案例。大量研究表明，当雷击1#塔时，1塔顶电位减少，因为1塔接近0塔。当雷击码头门式框架旁的1#塔，塔顶电位降低，因为负反射波返回到1塔附近的0塔，使过电压降低，因此，只计算雷击1是不完整的。本文结合输电线与500千伏GIS变电站，并考虑绝缘子串的脉冲伏秒特点，脉冲电晕，杆塔接地电阻的脉冲和闪电的位置。ATP-EMTP仿真是用于分析接地电阻的远近、避雷器的位置对过电压保护的影响。2.模型的基础和参数选择ATPDraw是最广泛使用的一个电磁暂态仿真软件，图形界面，使这一软件使用方便，准确。在本研究中，雷电流模拟，传输线路模拟，塔模型，避雷器模拟，并进行变压器、断路器等的参数设定，这些都可以等效模拟。（1）500千伏GIS变电站等效电路图如图1所示：这是一个500千伏GIS变电站等效电路示意图，考虑到系统的安全性，本文选择“车一变压器”作为雷电过电压的模型进行仿真计算。如图所示：CVT是电容电压变压器；DS是隔离开关；CT是电流互感器；CB是断路器；F是避雷器；T为变压器。图1500千伏变电站等效电路图（2）雷电流模拟雷电流属于单极性脉冲波，中国的标准推荐的雷电流幅度概率分布如下：式中：I雷电流幅值；P雷电流幅值大于等于I的雷电流概率。（3)绝缘子串仿真图2绝缘子串模型图2所示绝缘子串模型中，当感应过电压比绝缘子串的伏秒特性高，控制开关将保持这个输出频率，伏秒特性如表一所示。表一500KV变电站绝缘子的伏秒特性绝缘子的伏秒特性上表给出。计算公式是：（4）变电站输电线路仿真本文选择2公里输电线路模拟6塔，雷击塔1、塔2、塔3。杆塔模拟：雷击杆塔使用自然大小分布参数模拟，在本文中，波阻抗115，波速是210m/us。进线参数：导线为4LG-300，档间距为400mm，直径23.94mm，平均高度为27m，弧形凹陷17米，直流电阻0.09614km/，避雷线为OPGW-140A，直径15.7mm，平均高度为37m，弧凹陷15米，直流电阻为0.51k/。（5）电晕模拟图3电晕模型为了研究波衰减和失真对结果的影响，文章要考虑电晕电晕。参考文献5-6表明，电导可以忽略不计。文章中TACS组合模型在电晕特性的基础上进行模拟，器件的标准如图3.（6）避雷器的参数号GIS内部安装的是封闭式氧化锌避雷器，GIS外部安装的是开放式氧化锌避雷器。该氧化锌避雷器电气特性如表二。表二氧化锌避雷器的电气特性3.各种因素的作用下闪电侵入波（1）雷击位置塔0、2被命名为近