高中英语巧解定语从句之难题.doc

巧解定语从句之难题定语从句既是NMET命题的热点，又是中学英语教学中的重点，它是高中阶段学习的一个大语法项目，无论是单项填空，还是完形填空，阅读理解和短文改错中出现的频率都很高。 在解题过程中，首先要正确判断是不是定语从句，若是疑问句要将其恢复为陈述句，尤其注意标点符号、是否已有并列连词（如but, and 等）和从属连词（如if, when 等），还要注意是否是强调句结构。其次，在确定是定语从句后，要找准先行词，看它是指人还是物，是表时间还是地点。再次，要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。最后，在根据关系词各自的意义和用法特点去确定恰当的关系词。笔者在多年的教学中总结了十二大注意事项，如果能完全理解和掌握这些，定语从句的学习也就轻而易举了。巧法之一：分句还是定语从句？如：1、The earth is round. _ is known to all. 2、The earth is round, _ is known to all.3、_ is known to all, the earth is round.解析：由于“The earth is round.”是以句号结尾，那么1题就是两个分句，后面就不能用定语从句，只能用“It”填空，第二题就有一个逗号，则是定语从句，指代前面的句子，所以可以用“as 或which”,第三题则是主句放句首时，只能用as 了，因为as 的位置灵活，位于句首，句中，或者句末，而which 只能位于主句之后。巧法之二：都是定语从句？如：4、This is the same pen as I lost. 5、This is the same pen that I lost.这两个都是定语从句，但意义完全不一样。4句译为：这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。5句译为：这就是我丢的那支钢笔。但这两个句子就一样了：6、This is so interesting a book as we all like.7、This is such an interesting book as we all like. 都译为：这是一本如此有趣的我们都喜欢的书。巧法之三：定语从句还是状语从句？如：8、This is such an interesting book as we all like .9、This is such an interesting book as we all like it.解析：8句是定语从句，译为：这是一本如此有趣的我们都喜欢的书。 9句是状语从句，译为：这是一本如此有趣的书，我们都喜欢它。巧法之四：介词该如何搭配？如：10、Do you like the book _ she spent $10? 11、Do you like the book _ she paid $10?12、Do you like the book _ she learned a lot?13、Do you like the book _ she often talks?14、Do you like the book _ she is interested?15、Do you like the book _ she is fond?16、Do you like the book _ she bought?17、Do you like the book _ she is clever?18、Do you like the book _ she always takes with her?19、Do you like the book _ is very interesting?解析：介词的选择可以根据短语动词的搭配，也可以根据先行次与介词的搭配，还可以根据定语从句的意思定。所以10题填on which ，11题填for which, 12题是from which, 13题是about which,14题是in which,15题是of which, 16题缺宾语填which/that, 17题说的是书中的主人公她聪明，所以应该填in which, 18题缺宾语，所以填（which/that）, 19题从句缺主语，表物，所以填which/that. 巧法之五：介词能否提前？如：20 、Is this the watch that you are looking for.21 、The old man whom I am looking after is better.解析：20句中的for 不能提前，因为for 是副词。21句中的after也不能提前。巧法之六：从句谓语动词是否与先行词一致？如：22、He is the only woman of the teachers who _(come) from Canada.23、He is the woman of the teachers who _(come) from Canada.解析：22句中的先行词是the woman , 它有个修饰词only, 所以要填comes, 而23句中就没有only 或者very 之类的，所以先行词就是teachers, 应填come. 24、The boy that/who lives next has two dogs.25、The apple which/that is big is green.26、The woman who was bitten by a snake was sent to hospital.27、Those who are teachers come from Canada.28、I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you out.29、One who loves his mother loves his country.巧法之七：定语从句还是同位语从句？如：30、e news that he told me is not true. 31、e news that he stole a bike is not true.解析：30句为定语从句，译为：他告诉我的消息不是真的。因为that 为关系词，充当主，宾，表，作宾语时还可省略。31句是同位语从句，that 为连词，不作成分，不能省，译为：“他偷自行车”这个消息不是真的。巧法之八：定语从句还是强调句？如：32、It is the factory that we want to visit next week.33、It is in the factory that we learned a lot from workers.解析：32句是定语从句，因为定语从句中的关系词that /who 在从句中充当成分，译为：这就是我们下周想去参观的工厂。33句如果去掉“It is that”句子还成立，并且强调句中的it is 以及that, who无意思，不充当成分，只构成强调句式。译为：就是在这个工厂里我们从工人们那里学到了很多东西。巧法之九：whose 作定语只代人？如：34、The house _ faces east is mine.(window)35、Do you know the boy _are blue?(eyes)解析：34句有三种填法：whose window, the window of which, of which the window. 35句也有三种填法：whose eyes, the eyes of whom, of whom the ryes.巧法之十：which 可否指代职业？36、He wants to be a lawyer, _ is very good.37、His sister had become a teacher,_ was that he wanted to be.解析：which 除了可代主语，宾语，指人或物，但36，37这两个句子的先行词分别是lawyer ，teacher，这里的两个单词并不是指的人，而是律师和老师这个职业，不能用who 引导，而用which 。而且which 还可以指代句子。38、His son is good at English ,which made him proud.39、Helen was much kinder to her younger son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.巧法之十一：如何分析成分？如：40、Ill never forget the days _ I spent with him.41、Ill never forget the days _ I worked with him.42、1988 is the year _ I was born.43、1988 is the year _I spent in Chongqing.解析：40句中缺宾语，找关系代词，所以填（which/that）,而41句中缺时间状语，应找关系副词，填when. 同样的道理，42题缺时间状语，用when, 43句差宾语，找关系代词（which/that）巧法之十二：何谓分隔性定语从句？如：44、Edison made a lot of inventions, _I think of great importance.45、On my way home in the street I saw a lady _I thought was your aunt.46、He often helps the students _he thinks are not