基于Linux的电子阅读器的设计与实现-外文翻译

0外文文献zlib.h-interfaceofthezlibgeneralpurposecompressionlibraryversion1.2.2,October3rd,2004Copyright(C)1995-2004Jean-loupGaillyandMarkAdlerThissoftwareisprovidedas-is,withoutanyexpressorimpliedwarranty.Innoeventwilltheauthorsbeheldliableforanydamagesarisingfromtheuseofthissoftware.Permissionisgrantedtoanyonetousethissoftwareforanypurpose,includingcommercialapplications,andtoalteritandredistributeitfreely,subjecttothefollowingrestrictions:1.Theoriginofthissoftwaremustnotbemisrepresented;youmustnotclaimthatyouwrotetheoriginalsoftware.Ifyouusethissoftwareinaproduct,anacknowledgmentintheproductdocumentationwouldbeappreciatedbutisnotrequired.2.Alteredsourceversionsmustbeplainlymarkedassuch,andmustnotbemisrepresentedasbeingtheoriginalsoftware.3.Thisnoticemaynotberemovedoralteredfromanysourcedistribution.ZlibLicenceAbstractProblemswithportabilityofapplicationsacrossvariousLinuxdistributionsisoneofthemajorsorespotsofindependentsoftwarevendors(ISVs)wishingtosupporttheLinuxplatformintheirproducts.Thesourceoftheproblemisthatdifferentdistributionshavedifferentsetsofsystemlibrariesthatvaryintheinterfaces(APIs)provided.AndthecriticalquestionsariseforISVssuchas“whichdistributionsmyapplicationwouldrunon?”or“whatcanIspecificallydotomakemyapplicationrunonagreaternumberofdistributions?”.Thisarticlerefersanindustry-wideapproachtomitigatetheproblemofLinuxplatformfragmentationthroughstandardizationofcommoninterfacestheLinux1StandardBase(LSB)standard,theleadingeffortforthe“singleLinuxspecification”.ThearticleshowshowextendingthisapproachwithaknowledgebaseaboutthecompositionofrealworldLinuxdistributionscanenableautomaticportabilityanalysisforLinuxapplicationseveniftheyuseinterfacesoutsidethescopeofthestandard.TheknowledgebasepoweredLinuxApplicationCheckertoolisdescribedthatcanhelpanswertheabovequestionsbyautomaticallyanalyzingthetargetapplicationandconfrontingcollecteddataaboutitsexternaldependencieswithwhatvariousdistributionsprovide.Additionally,LinuxApplicationCheckerisanofficialtoolapprovedbytheLinuxFoundationforcertifyingapplicationsforcompliancewiththeLSBstandard.HighlightsWeproposeanapproachtoautomaticportabilityanalysisforLinuxapplications.WecombineLinuxstandardizationwithaknowledgebaseaboutLinuxdistributions.WepresenttheApplicationCheckertooluseddetectportabilityproblemsstandard.EnsuringportabilityofLinuxapplicationsthroughstandardizationandknowledgebasedrivenanalysis10.1002/spe.879.absLinuxisanopensourceoperatingsystem,whichhasincreasedinitspopularityandsizesinceitsbirth.VariousstudieshavebeenconductedinliteratureontheevolutionoftheLinuxkernel,whichhaveshownthatthereareconsiderablemaintenanceproblemsarisingoutofthecouplingissuesintheLinuxkernelandthismayhampertheevolutionofthekernelinfuture.Weproposeanobjectoriented(OO)wrapperbasedapproachtoLinuxkerneltoprovideOOabstractionstoexternalmodules.AsthemajorgrowthofthesizeoftheLinuxkernelisindevicedrivers,ourapproachprovidessubstantialbenefitsintermsofdevelopingthedevicedriversinC+,althoughthekernelisinC.Providingreusabilityandextensibilityfeaturestodevicedriversimprovesthemaintainabilityofthekernel.TheOOwrappersprovideseveralbenefitstomoduledevelopersintermsofunderstandability,developmentease,supportforOOmodules,etc.ThedesignandimplementationofC+wrappersforLinuxkernelandtheperformanceofadevicedriver2reengineeredinC+arepresentedinthispaper.Copyright2008JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.ObjectorientedwrappersfortheLinuxkernelHighlightsLinuxgrewbyafactorof78over17years.Growthiscontinuousandlargelyconfinedtodevelopmentversions.Productionversionsarereleasedandthenmaintainedwithlittleadditionalgrowth.Newproductionversionsmayundergointensivesupportbeforeanewdevelopmentversionisforked.Perpetualdevelopmentcharacterizessomebutnotallevolutionaryandagileprojects.AbstractSoftwareevolutioniswidelyrecognizedasanimportantandcommonphenomenon,wherebythesystemfollowsanever-extendingdevelopmenttrajectorywithintermittentreleases.Neverthelesstherehavebeenonlyfewlifecyclemodelsthatattempttoportraysuchevolution.WeusetheevolutionoftheLinuxkernelasthebasisfortheformulationofsuchamodel,integratingtheprogressintimewithgrowthofthecodebase,anddifferentiatingbetweendevelopmentofnewfunctionalityandmaintenanceofproductionversions.Auniqueelementofthemodelisthesequenceofactivitiesinvolvedinreleasingnewproductionversions,andhowthishaschangedwiththegrowthofLinux.Inparticular,thereleasefollow-upphasebeforetheforkingofanewdevelopmentversion,whichwasprominentinearlyreleasesofproductionversions,hasbeeneliminatedinfavorofaconcurrentmergewindowinthereleaseof2.6.xversions.WealsoshowthatapiecewiselinearmodelwithincreasingslopesprovidesthebestdescriptionofthegrowthofLinux.Theperpetualdevelopmentmodelisusedasaframeworkinwhichcommonlyrecognizedbenefitsofincrementalandevolutionarydevelopmentmaybedemonstrated,andtocommentonissuessuchasarchitecture,conservationoffamiliarity,andfailedprojects.WesuggestthatthismodelandvariantsthereofmayapplytomanyotherprojectsinadditiontoLinux.Perpetualdevelopment:AmodeloftheLinuxkernellifecycle3Electronicbookshavetheadvantagesofbeingportableandlowcost;however,therearedrawbacks,suchastheycanbeduplicatedeasily.ThisresearchdesignsandimplementsaneBookaccesscontrolprotocolandachievesauthorizeduseraccessverification.ThismethodincludesnetworkcommunicationandRFIDtechnique,mainlyutilizingthefeatureofRFIDtagthatcontainsuniqueTagID,establishesadatabaseofeBookstagIDsonaRadiusserver,andallowsaccesstotheseeBooksonlybytheuserwithlegitimateRFIDtag.ThischapterpresentsfunctionF()andF1(),theinversefunctionofF().TheRadiusserverusesF()toencryptandsendthedatatotheRFIDtag;besides,italsocandecryptthedatasentfromRFIDtag.F1()intheRFIDtagcanbeusedtodecryptandencryptdatatoandfromtheRadiusserver.Furthermore,SSLoverTCP/IPisappliedtosecureandprotectdatatransferbetweenRadiusserverandeBookreader.DesignandImplementationofaneBookAccessControlProtocolThenewwaytocarrybooksorliteratureistonotcarryitatall.Notonlyhavecomputingresourcesanddatamovedtothecloud,sohasthelatestnovelorself-helpbook.Thekeytotheacceptanceofthistechnologyisusabledesignthatanticipatesareadersneedswhilestillinvokingacomfortableformfactorthebook1.Thoughe-bookreadershavebeenavailableforadecade,thelatestwaveofe-bookreadershasachievedanewleveloftechnologyacceptance.Thistrendandpotentialacceptanceoffuturemodelscanbeunderstoodbyapplyingtask-technologyfittheory2toausabilitystudyoftheBarnesandNobleNookandAmazonKindleebookreaders.EbookReaders:AniPodforYourBooksintheCloudTheopensourcenatureofLinuxhasalwaysintriguedembeddedengineers,andthelatestkernelreleaseshaveprovidednewfeaturesenablingmorerobustfunctionalityforembeddedapplications.Enhancedreal-timeperformance,easierportingtonewarchitectures,supportformicrocontrollersandanimprovedI/OsystemgiveembeddedengineersevenmorereasonstoloveLinux!However,therapidevolutionoftheLinuxworldcanresultinaneternalsearchfornewinformationsourcesthatwillhelpembeddedprogrammerstokeep4up!ThiscompletelyupdatedsecondeditionofnotedauthorDougAbbottrespectedintroductiontoembeddedLinuxbringsreadersup-to-speedonallthelatestdevelopments.Thispractical,hands-onguidecoversthemanyissuesofspecialconcerntoLinuxusersintheembeddedspace,takingintoaccounttheirspecificneedsandconstraints.Youwillfindupdatedinformationon:TheGNUtoolchainConfiguringandbuildingthekernelBlueCatLinuxDebuggingonthetargetKernelModulesDevicesDriversEmbeddedNetworkingReal-timeprogrammingtipsandtechniquesTheRTAIenvironmentAndmuchmoreTheaccompanyingCD-ROMcontainsallthesourcecodefromthebookandexamples,helpfulsoftwareandotherresourcestohelpyougetuptospeedquickly.LinuxforEmbeddedandReal-timeApplicationsUnlikesomanybooksthatfocusonhowtouseLinux,LinuxandtheUnixPhilosophyexploresthewayofthinkingthatisLinuxandwhyLinuxisasuperiorimplementationofthishighlycapableoperatingsystem.Thisbookisarevisionandexpansionofacomputerscienceclassic.EverychapterhasbeenthoroughlyupdatedwithLinuxcoverage.LinuxandtheUnixPhilosophyfallssquarelybetweenthesoftertextsoniterativesoftwaredesignandprojectmanagementandthehow-totechnicaltexts.Thusfar,noonehascomeoutwithabookthataddressesthistopic,eitherintheUnixspaceortheLinuxspace.LinuxandtheUnixPhilosophycoversthesamegroundasthefirstedition,whileitalsopresentsboldnewideasaboutLinuxandOpenSource.LinuxandtheUnixPhilosophy5中文翻译Zlib.h“zlib”通用压缩库接口1.2.2版，2004年10月3日版权所有（C）1995-2004让卢普高特瑞奥Gailly和马克艾德勒本软件提供的“原样”，没有任何明示或暗示的保修。无论如何，作者承担任何赔偿责任使用此软件而造成的。允许任何人使用本软件为任何目的，包括商业应用，并改变它并重新发布它自由，受以下限制：1。本软件的来源不能歪曲；你不能抢夺版权。如果你使用这个软件制作一个产品，在产品文档确认会被审核，但不是必需的。2。修改源代码版本，必须有明显的标记，并不得曲解为原来的软件。3。本通知不可以移除或从任何来源的分布改变。摘自zlib许可证随着Linux分布在不同的应用程序的可移植性问题，是一个抽象的独立软件供应商的主要痛点（ISV）希望在他们的产品支持Linux平台。问题的根源在于不同的分布有不同的图书馆系统，在界面的变化（API）提供。和关键问题出现诸如“我ISV应用将运行在其中的分布？”或“有什么我可以做我的具体应用程序运行在一个更大的数量的分布？“。本文指的是通过公共接口的标准化减轻Linux平台的碎片问题的行业范围的方法的Linux标准基础（LSB）标准，为“单Linux规范领导努力”。本文展示了如何扩展这种方法的一个关于真实世界的Linux分布组成知识库，即使他们使用接口标准以外的范围，使Linux应用自动移植性分析。知识驱动的Linux应用检查工具，可以帮助回答这些问题，通过自动分析目标的应用及面临的收集的数据对其外部的依赖所提供的各种分布。此外，Linux应用程序检查是一种由认证与LSB标准应用的Linux基金会批准正式的工具。集锦我们提出Linux应用程序自动可移植性分析的一种方法。我们结合Linux标准化一个Linux分布知识库。我们目前的应用程序检查工具，用于检测可移植性问题的标准。确保可移植性的Linux应用程序通过标准化和知识库驱动分析Linux是一个开放的源代码的操作系统，它自诞生以来就在它的普及和规模增加。各种研究已在Linux内核的演变的文献进行了，这表明，有相当大的维修问题所产生6的耦合问题，在Linux内核，这可能妨碍其内核的演变在未来。我们提出了一个面向对象（OO）的包装基于Linux内核提供的面向对象的抽象的外部模块。在Linux内核的大小增长主要是设备驱动程序，我们的方法在C+的设备驱动程序的开发方面提供了大量的利益，尽管内核是C.设备驱动程序提供可重用性和可扩展性的功能提高了内核的可维护性。面向对象的封装提供了几个好处模块开发方面的可理解性，易于开发，面向对象的模块支持，等的设计和实现的C+包装Linux内核和性能的设备驱动程序在C+重新工程介绍。版权2008约翰威利父子公司面向对象包装为Linux内核Linux技术在17年间增长了78倍。增长是连续的，主要限于开发版本。生产版本的发布并保持很少的额外增长。生产新版本可能会在一个新的开发版本是叉经过密集的支持。永续发展特点的一些但不是所有的进化和敏捷项目。软件演化是公认的一个重要和常见的现象，从而系统是一个不断扩展的间歇排放的发展轨迹。然而只有少数有生命周期模型，试图描绘这样的进化。我们使用的Linux内核的演变为制定这样一个模型的基础上，结合与代码生长时间的进展，并区分生产版本的新功能和维护发展之间。该模型的一个独特的元素是参与生产活动发布新版本的序列，以及如何在Linux的生长变化。特别是，在分叉的发展的一个新版本的发布的后续阶段，这在生产版本的早期版本是突出的，排除了一个并发合并窗口有利于释放2.6。x版本。我们还表明，随着坡度的分段线性模型提供了Linux的生长最好的描述。永续发展模型作为一个框架，公认的增量和进化发展可证明的好处，和评论等建筑问题，熟悉的保持，失败的项目。我们认为，该模型及其变体可能适用于除了Linux的许多其他项目。永续发展：Linux内核的一个生命周期模型电子图书有低成本和便携的优势；然而，也有缺点，比如他们可以轻易被复制。本研究设计并实现了一个电子书的接入控制协议，实