文章发布系统-外文翻译

外文原文EssentialsofManagementinformationSystemsTheActiveServerPages(ASP)isaservertocarrythescriptplaitwritestheenvironment,usingitcancreatetosetupwithcirculatethedevelopment,alternantWebserverapplicationprocedure.UsingtheASPcanscombinethepageofHTML,scriptordertocreatetosetupthealternantthepageofWebwiththemoduleofActiveXwiththemightyandappliedprocedureinfunctionthataccordingtoWeb.TheappliedprocedureinASPdevelopsveryeasilywithmodify.1TheworkingprincipleofASPWhentheWebsiteintotheASPfeature,willtakeplacethefollowingthings:（1）theuserbrowseraddressbartoenteraURL,thedefaultpageoftheexpansionare.Asp.（2）thebrowserrequesttotheserver.（3）theserverenginerunningASPprocedures.（4）ASPdocumentinaccordancewiththeorderfromtoptobottomstartingwiththeimplementationofthescriptorders,theimplementationofHTMLpagecontent.（5）pagesofinformationsenttothebrowser.2ASPoperatingenvironmentAspneedtoruninunderthePWSorIIS.PWSorIISservicesinwindows98orwindows2000onthefringeoftheCD-ROM,canusetheAdd/RemoveProgramsintheAdd/Removewindowscomponentstoinstall.AspandthegeneralneedtoaccessdatabasesoracombinationofSQLServerdatabase,madeapowerfulprocess.ASPcanrunthewebserversoftwareWindows2000defaultinstallationisIIS5.0(internetinformationserver),andthedefaultinstallationofwindowsxpisIIS5.1,windows2003defaultinstallationofIIS6.0.PWS(personalwebserver)runningwindows98environmentinasimplepersonalWebserver.3ASPandthemeaningofASP(ApplicationServiceProvider,applicationsoftwarerentalserviceproviders)refersthroughtheInternettoprovideapplicationsoftwarerentalservicesindustry,referstotheapplicationsoftwareindustryasthemainstay,andthroughone-to-manynetworkTransmissionservices,suchservice-basedbusinesstransactionstobeleasedbytheway,inamorecost-effectivemannerhastherighttousethesoftware,andalsobecausetheindustrycentralizedmanagementandgreatlyreducethecostofmaintainingenterprises.Basically,ASPisasoftwareservices,Internetservices,andoutsourcingofinformationservicesandnetworkintegrationandaccessofproducts,accessproducts,suchasthethreemajorcharacteristics,canevenbeseenasISP(InternetServiceProvider)andITS(InformationTechnologyService)combination.ASPistheEnglishApplicationServiceProvider,thestandardChinesetranslationisapplicationserviceprovider,isdefinedascommercialorindividualcustomermanagementapplicationstoprovidesolutionsforcompaniesorenterprises.ASPChaozuorecentlybythemediaisveryfiery,theITindustryisnotfacingapileoftechnicaltermsitisverydifficulttoclarifyterminologyASPcontent,thepapertriedtousesimplelanguagetothebroadmassesofreadersopenedthemysteriousveilofASP,ITTopoftheASPindustryareashavesomebasicknowledge.4OriginofASPTheresearchtoASPmodeandASPenterprisesorigincanproceedwithtworespects,onetointermsofbusinessandtechnology,isitcarryonresearchtocomefromASPdevelopinghistorythatbusinesscommit;AnotheroneisstudiestheoriginsofASPenterprisesandevolutioncourseatpresentintermsoforganizationsdevelopment.Whetherstandupsyntheticallyabove-mentioneddevelopingstage,toputitbriefly,presentASPhistoryanddevelopmentpathofprovidercansimpletodescribeas:Thefirst,developedfromthepastISP,roundedtheinfrastructureandcommunicationfunction,cooperatewithsoftwaremanufacturer,increasethebusinessscope,developintothepresentIDC(thedatacentreofInternet)；Thesecond，thepastISV(independentsoftwareprovider)andVAR(thetraderthatresellsvalue-addedservice),atInternetage,changedthemarketingwayinthepast,wouldrelymainlyonsaleofthesoftwareproducttochangedirectiontorelymainlyonthefactthatrighttouseisleasedinthepast,balefromphysicscarrierencapsulationwaychangedirectionandlong-rangeoperationwaymainfactnow,throughthecooperationwithnetworkoperator,realizethetransitiontoASP；Thethird，ITservicedepartmentsandtraditionaladvisorycompaniesoftraditionallarge-scaleorganization,atthefoundationknowndeeplyinInternet,dependonlong-termexperience,isitcarryonsystematicdesignandimplementationofschemeforothercustomertobegin,throughestablishinwithtraderwhooperatesnetworkandalliancerelationbetweentheapplicationsoftwaremanufacturer,realizetheASPproviderthatappearsinthecapacityofsystemintegrationtrader.5ThedevelopinghistoryandclassificationofASPSeenfromthepresent,ASPisasemergingandproposingformallyitisonlyathingfromtheendof1998tothebeginningof1999ofakindofmode.Anduntilfromtheendof1999tothebeginningof2000toagreatextent,ASPfieldrelevantoutstandingbehavioursatthecapitalmarketofCompanyjustcausepeoplesextensiveconcern.InfactspeakingfromtheintensionandessenceofASPmode,itisnotthebrand-newthings,butthemodethathadoncehad,hasbeengiventhenewvitalityatInternetage.Duringthisfestival,wewillreviewthecoursethatASPproducedevelopmentanddevelop,inordertohelptheessenceofbetterdeepunderstandingASP.Attheend,wewillconcentrateonintroducingthesituationwhichenterprisesdividefromdifferentstandardsinASPfieldatpresent.TheHTMLplaitwritesthepersonnelifyouareasimplemethodthataHTMLplaitwritesthepersonnel,youwilldiscoverthescriptofASPprovidingtocreatetohavediplomaticrelationwitheachotherpage.IfyouoncewantthatcollectthedatafromtheformofHTML,orusethenamepersonalizationHTMLdocumentofthecustomer,oraccordingtothedifferentcharacteristicindifferentusageofthebrowser,youwilldiscoverASPprovidinganoutstandingsolution.Before,tothinkthatcollectthedatafromtheformofHTML,havetostudyaplaitdistancelanguagetocreatetosetupaCGIapplicationprocedure.Now,youonlysomesimpleinstructionintoarriveinyourHTMLdocument,cancollectfromtheformthedatacombineproceedinganalysis.Youneednotstudythecompleteplaitdistancelanguageagainoreditandtranslatetheproceduretocreatetohavediplomaticrelationalonewitheachotherpage.AlongwithcontroltousetheASPcontinuouslywiththephonetictechniqueinscript,youcancreatetosetupthemorecomplicatedscript.FortheASP,youcanthenconvenientlyusageActiveXmoduletocarryoutthecomplicatedmission,linkthedatabaseforexamplewithsavingwithinspectionalinformation.Ifyouhavecontrolledascriptlanguage,suchasVBScript,JavaScriptorPERL,andyouhaveunderstoodthemethodthatusetheASP.AslongasinstalledtomatchthestandardcowgirlinthescriptofActiveXscriptengine,canuseinthepageofASPananyascriptlanguage.DoestheASPtaketheMicrosoft?VisualBasic?ScriptingEdition(VBScript)withMicrosoft?Script?Ofscriptengine,likethisyoucanstarttheeditorscriptimmediately.PERL,REXXwithPythonActiveXscriptenginecanfromthethirdsquaredevelopsthepersonnelacquires.TheWebdevelopsthepersonnelifyouhavecontrolledaplaitdistancelanguage,suchasVisualBasic,youwilldiscovertheASPcreatesaveryvividmethodthatsetuptheWebapplicationprocedurequickly.PasstofacetoincreaseintheHTMLthescriptorderany,youcancreatetheHTMLthatsetuptheappliedprocedureconnects.PasstocreatetosetupownthemoduleofActiveX,canwillapplythebusinessintheprocedurelogicsealtopackandcanadjustfromthescript,othermoduleorfromtheotherprocedurethemoldpiecethatuse.TheusageASPproceedsthecalculatingWebcanconvertintothevisiblebenefits,itcanmakethesupplierofWebprovidethealternantbusinessapplicationbutnotonlyistoannouncethecontents.Forexample,thetravelagencycancomparetheannouncementaviationschedulemakesoutmore;UsingthescriptofASPcanletthecustomerinspectthecurrentservice,comparisonexpensesandpreparetobookseats.IncludetoocanlowerintheWindowsNTOptionMicrosoftinthepackTransactionServer(MTS)ontheservercomplexityofconstructingtheprocedurewithexpenses.TheMTScanresolvetodevelopthoseconfidentialitiesstrong,canratingsofandthedependableWebappliesthecomplexityproblemoftheprocedure.6ActiveServerPagesmodelThebrowserrequestsfromtheserverofWeb.Hourofaspdocument,thescriptofASPstartscirculating.ThentheserverofWebadjuststousetheASP,theASPreadscompletelythedocumentoftheclaim,carryoutallscriptsorderany,combiningtodeliverthepageofWebtobrowser.Becausescriptisontheserverbutisnotatthecustomertocarrythemovement,deliverthepageofWebonthebrowserisontheWebserverborn.CombiningtodeliverthestandardHTMLtobrowser.Becauseonlytheresultthatthereisscriptreturnsthebrowser,sotheservercarriesthenoteasyreplicationinscript.Thecustomercansnotseetocreatetosetupthematscriptorderthatthepagethatview.WeintroducetheBasicformofthedatabaselanguageknownasSQL,alanguagethatallowsustoqueryandmanipulatedataoncomputerizedrelationaldatabasesystems.SQLhasbeenthelinguafrancaforRDBMSsincetheearly1980s,anditisoffundamentalimportanceformanyoftheconceptspresentedinthistext.TheSQLlanguageiscurrentlyintransitionfromtherelationalform(theANSISQL92standard)toanewerobject-relationalform(ANSISQL-99,whichwasreleasedin1999).SQL-99shouldbethoughtofasextendingSQL-92,notchanginganyoftheearliervalidlanguage.Usually,thebasicSQLwedefinematchesmostcloselytheANSISQLstandardsbasicsubsets,calledEntrySQL-92andcoreSQL-99thatarecommonlyimplemented;ourtouchstoneindefiningbasicSQListoprovideasyntaxthatisfullyavailableonmostofthemajorRDBMSproducts.WebeginwithanoverviewofSQLcapabilities,andthenweexplainsomethingaboutthemultipleSQLstandardsanddialectsandhowwewilldealwiththeseinourpresentation.WewilllearnhowtoposecomparablequeriesinSQL,usingaformknownastheSelectstatement.Aswewillsee,theSQLselectstatementoffersmoreflexibilityinanumberofwaysthanrelationalalgebraforposingqueries.However,thereisnofundamentalimprovementinpower,nothingthatcouldnotbeachievedinrelationalalgebra,givenafewwell-consideredextensions.Forthisreason,experiencewithrelationalalgebragivesusagoodideaofwhatcanbeaccomplishedinSQL.Atthesametime,SQLandrelationalalgebrahavequitedifferentconceptualmodelsinanumberofrespects,andtheinsightdrawnfromfamiliaritywiththerelationalalgebraapproachmayenhanceyourunderstandingofSQLcapabilities.ThemostimportantnewfeatureyouwillencounterwithSQListheabilitytoposequeriesinteractivelyinacomputerizedenvironment.TheSQLselectstatementismorecomplicatedanddifficulttomasterthantherelativelysimplerelationalalgebra,butyoushouldneverfeellistoruncertainaslongasyouhaveaccesstocomputerfacilitieswhereafewexperimentscanclearupuncertaintiesaboutSQLuse.TheinteractiveSQLenvironmentdiscussedinthecurrentchapterallowsyoutotypeaqueryonamonitorscreenandgetanimmediateanswer.Suchinteractivequeriesaresometimescalledadboxqueries.ThistermreferstothefactthatanSQLselectstatementismeanttobecomposedallatonceinafewtypewrittenlinesandnotbedependentonanypriorinteractioninausersession.Thefeatureofnotbeingdependentonpriorinteractionisalsodownasnon-procedurality.SQLdiffersinthiswayevenfromrelationalalgebra,whereaprioraliasstatementmightbeneededinordertorepresentaproductofatablewithitself.ThedifferencebetweenSQLandprocedurallanguagessuchasjavaorcisprofound:youdonotneedtowriteaprogramtotryoutanSQLquery,youjusthavetotypetherelativelyshort,self-containedtextofthequeryandsubmitit.Ofcourse,anSQLquerycanberathercomplex.Alimitedpartofthisfullform,knowasasub-query,isdefinedrecursively,andthefullselectstatementformhasoneaddedclause.Youshouldnotfeelintimidatedbythecomplexityoftheselectstatement,however.Thefactthataselectstatementisnon-proceduralmeansthatithasalotincommonwithamenudrivenapplication,whereauserisexpectedtofillinsomesetofchoicesfromamenuandthenpresstheenterkeytoexecutethemenuchoicesallatonce.Thevariousclausesoftheselectstatementcorrespondtomenuchoices:youwilloccasionallyneedalltheseclauses,butonnotexpecttouseallofthemeverytimeyouposeaquery.Observedreliabilitydependsonthecontextinwhichthesystemsused.Asdiscussedalready,thesystemenvironmentcannotbespecifiedinadvancenorcanthesystemdesignersplacerestrictionsonthatenvironmentforoperationalsystems.Differentsystemsinanenvironmentmayreacttoproblemsinunpredictableways,thusaffectingthereliabilityofallofthesesystems.Therefor,evenwhenthesystemhasbeenintegrated,itmaybedifficulttomakeaccuratemeasurementsofitsreliability.中文翻译ActiveServerPages（ASP）是服务器端脚本编写环境，使用它可以创建和运行动态、交互的Web服务器应用程序。使用ASP可以组合HTML页、脚本命令和ActiveX组件以创建交互的Web页和基于Web的功能强大的应用程序。ASP应用程序很容易开发和修改。1ASP的工作原理当在Web站点中融入ASP功能后，将发生以下事情：（1）用户向浏览器地址栏输入网址，默认页面的扩展名是.asp；（2）浏览器向服务器发出请求；（3）服务器引擎开始运行ASP程序；（4）ASP文件按照从上到下的顺序开始处理，执行脚本命令，执行HTML页面内容；（5）页面信息发送到浏览器；2ASP的运行环境ASP需要运行在PWS或IIS下。PWS或IIS服务在windows98或windows2000的光盘上附带着，可以通过“添加/删除程序”中的“添加/删除windows组件”来安装。一般asp需与access数据库或SQLServer数据库结合使用，编出功能强大的程序。能够运行ASP的web服务器软件：Windows2000默认安装的是IIS5.0(internetinformationserver)，而windowsXP默认安装的是IIS5.1，windows2003默认安装的IIS6.0。PWS(personalwebserver)运行在windows98环境下的简单个人网页服务器。3ASP的意义与特性ASP(ApplicationServiceProvider,应用软体租赁服务提供者)是指“透过网路以租赁方式提供应用软体服务的业者”，即业者以应用软体为主体,透过网路一对多地传递服务，这种以服务为主的交易模式促使企业可藉由租赁的方式，以更符合成本效益的方式拥有软体的使用权，并且亦能因为业者集中式的管理而大幅降低企业维护的成本。基本上，ASP即具有“软体服务化,服务网路化”,“资讯委外服务与网路结合”与“产品通路化，通路产品化”等三大特性，甚至可以被视为是ISP（InternetServiceProvider）与ITS（InformationTechnologyService）的结合。ASP的英文是ApplicationServiceProvider，中文的标准翻译就是“应用服务提供商”，是指为商业或者个人客户提供管理应用解决方案的公司或者企业。最近ASP被媒体炒作的十分火热，不是IT行业的人面对一堆技术名词专业术语很难弄清楚ASP的内容，本文试图用浅显的语言来为广大的读者揭开ASP神秘的面纱，对于IT行业的大热门ASP领域有一些基本的认识。4ASP的起源对于ASP模式和ASP企业起源的研究可以从两个方面入手，一个是从业务和技术的角度，从ASP业务构成的发展历史来进行研究；另一个是从组织机构发展的角度，来研究目前ASP企业的由来和演化过程。将上述发展阶段综合起来，简单的说，目前的ASP提供商的历史和发展道路可以简单的描述为：第一类，从过去的ISP发展起来，围绕基础设施和通讯功能，与软件厂商合作，增加业务范围，发展到现在的IDC（互联网数据中心）；第二类，过去的ISV（独立软件提供商）和VAR（增值服务转售商），在互联网时代，改变过去的营销方式，将过去以软件产品的出售为主转向以使用权租赁为主，从物理载体的打包封装方式转向现在在线和远程运行方式为主，通过与网络运营商的合作，实现向ASP的转型；第三类，传统的大型组织的IT服务部门和传统的咨询公司，在对于互联网的深刻认识的基础上，依靠长期的经验，开始为其他客户进行系统方案的设计和实施，通过建立在与网络运行商和应用软件制造商之间的联盟关系，实现以系统集成商身份出现的ASP提供商。5ASP的发展历史与分类从目前来看，ASP作为一种模式的正式诞生和提出只是在1998年底到1999年初之间的事情。而很大程度上直到1999年末到2000年初，ASP领域相关公司在资本市场上的突出表现才引起了人们的广泛关注。实际上从ASP模式的内涵和本质上讲，并不是全新的事物，而是曾经有过的模式，在互联网时代被赋予了新的生命力。在本节中，我们将回顾ASP产生发展演变的过程，以帮助更好的深入理解ASP的本质。在最后，我们将集中介绍目前ASP领域内企业从不同标准进行划分的情况。HTML编写人员如果您是位HTML编写人员，您将发现ASP脚本提供了创建交互页的简便方法。如果您曾想从HTML表格中收集数据，或用顾客的姓名个人化HTML文件，或根据浏览器的不同使用不同的特性，您会发现ASP提供了一个出色的解决方案。以前，要想从HTML表格中收集数据，就不得不学习一门编程语言来创建一个CGI应用程序。现在，您只要将一些简单的指令嵌入到您的HTML文件中，就可以从表格中收集数据并进行分析。您再不必学习完整的编程语言或者单独编译程序来创建交互页。随着不断掌握使用ASP和脚本语言的技巧，您可以创建更复杂的脚本。对于ASP，您可以便捷地使用ActiveX组件来执行复杂的任务，比如连接数据库以存储和检索信息。如果您已经掌握一门脚本语言，如VBScript、JavaScript或PERL，而且您已经了解使用ASP的方法。只要安装了符合ActiveX脚本标准的相应脚本引擎，就可以在ASP页中使用任何一种脚本语言。ASP带有Microsoft?VisualBasic?ScriptingEdition（VBScript）和Microsoft?Script?的脚本引擎，这样您可以立即开始编辑脚本。PERL、REXX和Python的ActiveX脚本引擎可以从第三方开发人员处获得。Web开发人员如果您已经掌握了一门编程语言，如VisualBasic，您将发现ASP是快速创建Web应用程序的一个非常灵活的方法。通过向HTML中添加脚本命令，您能够创建应用程序的HTML接口。通过创建自己的ActiveX组件，可以将应用程序中的商业逻辑封装到能够从脚本、其他组件或从其他程序中调用的模块。使用ASP进行计算的Web可转化为有形的利益，它使Web供应商能够提供交互的商业应用而不仅仅是发布内容。例如，旅行社能够比公布航空时刻表做得更多；用ASP脚本可以让客户察看现有的航班、比较费用并预定座位。包含在WindowsNTOptionpack中的MicrosoftTransactionServer（MTS）可以降低在服务器上构造程序的复杂性和费用。TS可以解决开发那些保密性强的、可分级的以及可靠的Web应用程序的复杂性问题。6ActiveServerP