中考时态总结范文.docVIP

中考时态总结范文 一、一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语every,sometimes,at,on SundayI leavehome forschool at7every morning.He cycles to workevery day.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earthmoves aroundthe sun.Shanghai liesin theeast ofChina.Water boilsat100centigrade degrees.3)表示格言或警句中。 Pride goesbefore afall.骄者必败。 注意此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例如Columbus provedthat theearth isround.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont wantso much.Ann Wangwrites goodEnglish butdoes not speak well.比较Now Iput thesugar in the cup.I amdoing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。 再如Now watchme,I switchon thecurrent andstand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。 知识扩展一般现在时表将来1）下列动词e,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。 这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The trainleaves atsix tomorrowmorning.When does the busstar?It starsin tenminutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如Here esthe bus.=The busis ing.There goesthe bell.=The bellis ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill es(不是will e),ask himto wait for me.Ill writeto youas soonas Iarrive there.4）在动词hope,take carethat,make surethat等后。 I hopethey havea nicetime next week.Make surethat thewindows areclosed beforeyou leavethe room. 二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有yesterday,last week,an hourago,the otherday,in1982等。 Where did you gojust now?I sawTom in the streetyesterday.I boughtthis TVset in Beijing last year.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When Iwas achild,I oftenplayed footballin the street.He alwayswent to work bybus.He used to actlike that.3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。 （1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。 例如Did youwant anythingelse?I wantedto askyou aboutthat.Did youwant tospeak to me now?I wonderedif youcould helpme. （2）情态动词could,would，例如Could youlend meyour bike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If Iwere abird,I wouldfly to Beijing.If hewere herenow,we couldturn tohim for help.注意比较下列句型It istime forsb.to do sth“到时间了；该了”，例如It istime foryou togo to bed.你该睡觉了。 It istime sb.did sth.“时间已迟了；早该了”，例如It istime youwent tobed.你早该睡觉了。 would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如Id ratheryou came tomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Christine wasan invalid all her life.(含义她已不在人间。 )Christine has been aninvalidallherlife.(含义她现在还活着)Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。 )Mrs.Darby haslived inKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 三、一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。 will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraphshall Iread first？Will yoube athome atseven thisevening?2)be going to+不定式，表示将来。 a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。 What are you going to dotomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。 The playis goingtobeproduced nextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事Look at the darkclouds;there is goingtobe astorm.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We areto discussthe reportnext Saturday.4)be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is abouttoleave for Beijing.注意be aboutto不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be goingto/will的用法之比较用于条件句时，be goingto表将来，will表意愿。 例如If you are goingto makea journey,youd betterget readyfor itas soonas possible.Now ifyou will take offyour clothes,we willfit thenew clotheson youin frontof themirror.be to和be goingto的用法之比较be to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 而be goingto则表示主观的打算或计划。 例如I amto playfootball tomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)Im goingto playfootball tomorrowafternoon.(主观安排) 四、现在进行时1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。 例如We arewaiting foryou.2.习惯进行表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 例如Mr.Green iswriting anothernovel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。 )She islearning pianounder Mr.Smith.3.表示渐变的动词有get,grow,bee,turn,run,go,begin等。 The leavesare turningred.Its gettingwarmer andwarmer.4.与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You arealways changingyour mind.知识扩展不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词。 如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue I have twobrothers.This housebelongs tomy sister.2)心理状态的动词。 如know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate Ineed yourhelp.He lovesher verymuch.3)瞬间动词。 如aept,receive,plete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.I aept your advice.4)系动词。 如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,bee,turn Youseem a little tired. 五、过去进行时1）概念表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 3)常用的时间状语有this morning,the wholemorning,all dayyesterday,from nio tenlast evening,when,while例句My brotherfell whilehe wasriding hisbicycle andhurt himself.It was raining when they leftthe station.When Igot to the topof themountain,the sunwas shining.型例题1)Mary_a dresswhen shecut herfinger.A.made B.is makingC.was makingD.makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。 同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。 2)As she_the newspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read;was fallingB.was reading;fell C.was reading;was fallingD.read;fell答案B.句中的as=when,while，意为当之时。 描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 句意为在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。 句中的fell(fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如fall sick。 六六.现在完成时态1.用法过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果强调结果E.g YesterdayI finished myhomework,thatsto say,I havefinishedmyhomework now.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态强调继续E.g.:I havelived heresince1990.2.现在完成时的构成havehas+过去分词3.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He hasfinished the work.一般疑问句Has hefinished the work?否定句He hasnot finished thework.两回答Yes,he has.No,he hasnt.特殊疑问句What has he done?4.在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)九词语already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.:I havealready found my pen.=I havefoundmypen already.yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g.I havenot finishedtheworkyet.Have youbought aputer yet?ever曾经句中e.g.Have youever seenpandas?never从不句中e.g.I havenever been to Beijing.just刚刚句中e.g.I havejust donemy work.before以前句尾e.g.I havenever beenthere before.so far到目前为止e.g.So farhe haslearnt200words.how long多久e.g.How longhave youlived here?how manytimes多少次e.g.How manytimes has he been to Beijing? (2)两词组havegone to去了某地e.g.He has gone to Beijing(去了北京)havebeen to去过某地e.g.He has beento Beijing.(去过北京) (3)两结构for two months for+一段时间Jim haslived herefor2months.since last year since+过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since3years ago.since3years agosince1990since he came heresince+过去时态句子He has been in China sincehe camehere. (4).如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 e.g.Have youlost yourlibrary book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ (5).现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They haveplanted manytrees in the lastfew years.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This isthe bestbook I have everread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 It isthe firsttime I have playedthe putergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。 5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.He hasbought the book for3years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种He hasbought the book.(去掉一段时间for3years)He bought the book3years ago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)Its3years sincehe boughtthe book.=3years haspassed sincehe boughtthebook.（改为固定句型It is-since-）He hasnot boughtthebook for3years.（改为否定句）He has had thebook for3years.（用延续性动词have代替buy）6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下e/arrive/get to/reachbe heree.gI havee herefor3years.（错）改为I have been herefor3years.leave/gobe awaye.g.He has left for3hours.（错）改为He has been awayfor3hours.begin/startbe one.g.The filmhas begunfor3minutes.（错）改为The filmhas beenon for3minutes.openbe open/closebe closede.g.The shophas openedfor3years.(错)改为The shophas beenopen for3years.diebe deade.g.His fatherhas died for3years.(错)改为His fatherhas beendead for3years.finish/endbe over例He hasfinishedthework for3days.(错)改为The workhas beenover for3daysjoin例I havejoined the army for3years.（错）改为I have been in thearmyfor3years.或I have been a soldier for3years.buy/catchhave e.g.Ihaveboughtthebike for3years.（错）改为Ihavehad thebike for3years.He hascaught acold for3days.（错）改为He hashad acold for3days.borrowkeep e.gI haveborrowed thebook for3years.（错）改为Ihavekept thebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下breakbe brokenget upbe upmarrybe marriedbeebelosebe lost7.延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。 e.g.learnworkstandlieknowwalkkeephavewaitwatchsingreadsleeplive终止性动词也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。 表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。 在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。 e.g.leavestartset outarrivereachget tobeginstopshutturn offmarryputput onget upwakefalljoinmeetreceivefinishendpletebeeegodieopenclosebreakgivejumpbuyborrow8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。 He hasdiedfor three days.（错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for threedays连用）七过去完成时由由had+过去分词构成。 用法有二过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态即过去的过去e.g.:When wegot to the station,the trainhad left.当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。 By theend oflast week,he hadlearnt1000words.到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态e.g.:He saidthat hehad madea fewfriends sincehecameto China.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。 1.Look!How wonderfulmy caris!Oh,Jack.What areyou thinkingabout?Dont youlike it?Im sorryI_any remarkabout itin time.I certainlythink its smart.A.wasnt makingB.dont makeC.wont makeD.didnt make2.To findthestreetwhere Ilivedinmy childhoodis noeasy taskbecause thecity_so rapidlyall theseyears.A.is changingB.has changedC.will havechanged D.will change3.He_quite well,but hehasnt hadtime toswim sincethis summer.A.will swimB.have swumC.swam D.swims4.Jimmy saidthat hewould eto pickme up,but he_by now.A.hasnt turnedup B.doesnt turnup C.wont turnup D.hadnt turnedup5.Im terriblysorry forbeing late,but I_the wrongbus.A.catch B.had caught C.caught D.catching7.The truth,sir,is that the oldman_across theroad whenmy carhit him.A.was towalk B.had beenwalking C.walked D.was walking8.I reallydont thinkRose will be upset,but Iwill goand seeher incase she_.A.is B.does C.will beD.has been9.The putersmade byour panysell best,but severalyears agono onecould haveimagined therole in the marketsthat they_.A.were playingB.were toplay C.had playedD.played10.Kate isin hospital.Oh,really?I_._visit her.A.didnt know;Ill goand B.dont know;Ill goand C.dont know;Im goingto D.didnt know;Im goingto11.Where_the guidebook?I cant seeit anywhere.I_it right here,but nowitsgone.A.didyouput;have put B.had youput;have put C.have youput;put D.were youputting;put14.Do youlive inthis city?No,we_itforholidays.A.just visit B.just visitedC.are justvisiting D.have visited15.How isthe oldman now?Sorry,he_though theydid all they couldto savehim.A.was dead B.had diedC.has beendead D.died16.The lakewill befurther pollutedunless somemeasures_.A.will betaken B.are takenC.were takenD.had beentaken17.Im afraidit will be two months_.A.when Ie back B.when Ill e back C.before IebackD.before Illeback18.The workers_busily whenthe bosscametolook forsomething he_in theoffice.A.had worked,had left B.were working;had leftC.working;had left D.had worked;left21.The notice_“No smoking”.A.is toldB.reads C.tells D.is read时态语态1.考点掌握六大时态以及对应的被动语态的构成、用法2.知识讲解时态一般现在时构成谓语动词三单或原形用法a.现在经常性或习惯性动作、长期存在的特征或状态。 常见时间状语表示频率的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等；表示频率的词组once a year,twice amonth,three timesayear等；on Sundays,on Mondayafternoons,every day,every morning,every year等时间状语。 b.普遍真理、客观事实。 c.条件、时间状语从句主将从现。 同步练习1.This girlis readyto helppeople anytime.When sheis on the bus,she alwaysher seatto someonein need.A.gives B.give C.gave D.giving2.Betty willring meup whenshe_inBeijing.A.arrive B.arrives C.arrived D.will arrive3.Aunt Lucywill tellus somethingabout hertrip toAustralia whenshe_back.A.came B.es C.would eD.will e4.Henry willgive usa reportas soonashe.A.arrives B.arrived C.is arrivingD.will arrive5.In Chongqing,you canoften seemany peopledance outsidetogether ifit_in theevening.A.rains Bdoesnt rain Cwill rain Dwont rain答案ABBAB一般过去时构成谓语动词过去式用法a.表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。 常接时间状语last night,yesterday,the daybefore yesterday,yesterday evening,just now,“段时间+ago”,once upona time，the otherday,in1990,at thattime,this morning等。 副词often,usually,always,sometimes,every day/week,etc.b.表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作。 （过去常常做某事也可以用used todosth.来表示）c.在语境中，表示“刚才，在过去”,暗示现在已“不再这样”Look atthe sign.“No smoking”-Sorry,I didnt seeit.同步练习1.Where wereyou lastSaturday?I_in theCapital Museum.A.am B.will beC.was D.have been2.I knowalittleabout Thailand,as Ithere threeyears ago.A.have beenB.have goneC.will go D.went3.Lucy_a studentlastyear,but nowshe_a teacher.A.is;is B.was；is C.was；will beD.is；was4.The oldman_in Shanghai,but he_in Haikounow.Abe born;live Bwas born；live Cis born;lives Dwas born;lives5.He_go outwith hisparents,but nowhe_staying athome alone.A.used to；is used to B.is usedto；usedto C.use to；is usedto案答案CDBDA一般将来时构成will/be goingto+动词原形用法一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 常见时间状语tomorrow,next day(week,month,year.),soon,the dayafter tomorrow(后天）inthefuture（将来），in+一段时间等。 a.will+动词原形（注意a.当句中主语是I或者we时，一般用shall,表示征求对方意见)说话时临时做的决定；固有属性，必然趋势b.be goingto+动词原形,表示计划、打算做某事；表示根据已有迹象对将来的推断。 c.某些词，如arrive，borrow，e，fly，go，leave，move，start，stay，stop，take off等瞬间动词的现在进行时也可表示将来，表示即将发生或安排好的要做的事情。 We areleaving forShanghai.同步练习1.We areglad tohear thatthe greens_to a new flatnextweek.A.move B.moved C.will moveD.have moved2.Put yourhands behindyour back.dontspeak.We_in tenminutes.A.backB.will beback C.are backD.are backto you3.My sisterwants anew dress.She ittotheparty.A.wears B.has wornC.wore D.isgoingto wear4.When_you_reading JaneEyre?Its hardtosay.Im busyrecently.A.did;finish B.have;finished C.will;finish D.do;finish5.If it_this Saturday,we_for apiic.A.wont rain;shall goB.doesnt rain;will goC.isnt rain;goD.doesnt rain;go6.Look atthe noisykids!Havent youheard thesaying“When thecat isaway,the mice_?”A.play B.played C.are playingD.will play案答案CBDCBD现在进行时构成am/is/are+doing用法表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作,表示现阶段正在进行而说话此刻不一定进行的动作或持续的状态。 常见时间状语时间状语now,atthemoment,these days或者句中含有look,listen,can/cantyousee之类的暗示词。 同步练习1.Wheres Tom?His motherhim now.A.is lookingforB.will lookfor C.has lookedfor D.Looks for2.Look!The boys_football on the playground.A.plays B.play C.are playingD.played3.Whatstheweather like?Oh,it_outside.Take anumbrella withyou.A.rains B.is rainingC.wasrainingD.rained4.You cant usethe bathroomright now.Robbie_a shower.A.takes B.willtakeC.is taking案答案ACBC过去进行时构成was/were+doing用法过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的事情或动作。 常见的时间状语?this morning,the wholemorning,all dayyesterday,last evening?含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句，区别之处在于如果从句和主句动作有先后发生顺序且进行时间较长，when和while都可引导；而当从句和主句同时发生或无所谓先后时，只能由while引导。 注意When和while引导的时间状语从句中，如果动词为非延续性动词，常用一般过去式，不用过去进行时。 例句如下同步练习1-What wereyou doingthis timeyesterday?-I_on thegrass anddrawing apicture.A.sit B.sat C.am sittingD.was sitting2.She_to an English programwhile her parents_TV.A.was listening;is watchingB.listened;were watchingC.was listening;watched D.was listening;were watching3.-Has yourfriend pletedhis design?-Not yet.He_on itlast night.A.worked B.has workedC.is workingD.was working4.I sawMr Smithintheoffice atten yesterdaymorning.Thats impossible.He_anEnglishparty withus then.A.has B.had C.was havingD.hashad案答案DDDC过去将来时构成would/was、were goingto动词原形用法1.would+do(动词原形)，表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。 例句He askedwhenthemeeting wouldstart.2.was/were goingto+do(动词原形)，表示曾经打算、准备要做的动作。 例句同步练习The officialsaid they_anewlaw toprotect thetourists thenext year.A.makes B.would makeC.made D.have made现在完成时构成have/has+动词的过去分词用法a.表示发生在过去的或已经完成的对现在仍有影响的动作。 常和already,ever,just,never,recently,yet等副词连用b.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，并持续到现在，也许还要持续下去常和for+时间段，since+时间点/从句（一般过去时）连用。 c.have/has beento表示某人曾经去过某地，并且已经回来have/has gone to表示某人已经去了某地，但还没回来have/has beenin表示某人已经去了某地并呆了一段时间，但还没回来。 d.for和since的区分e.一般过去时和现在完成时的区分f.非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转化同步练习1.Mr.White cameto ourschool inxx,and since then he_us English.A.teaches B.taught C.has taught D.will teach2.Julies father_to Londonlast month.He_there threetimes.A.went;had goneB.has gone:has beenC.went;has beenD.has been;had gone3.British PrinceWilliam(威廉王子)and Kate_for nearlytwomonths.A.married B.have marriedC.have beenmarried D.have gotmarried4.How longhas Robert_?Sincexx.A.beento Beijing B.bee apoliceman C.joined theart clubD.studied inthis school5.Tom_the USA.He_back intwomonths.A.has goo;es B.has goo;will beC.has beento;es D.has beento;will be6.Why areyou worried?Im expectinga callfrom mydaughter.She_New Yorkforthreeyears.A.has gooB.has beento C.has beenin D.has ein7.A numberof tourists_Yangzhou manytimes becauseit issuch abeautiful city.A.have beentoB.has beento C.has goo D.have goo8.Linda,with herparents,_the WolfHill,and theywill beback thisafternoon.A.has gooB.have gooC.has beento D.have beento案答案CCCDBCCA过去完成时构成had+动词的过去分词用法过去完成时指到过去某个时间为止已经完成的动作或状态。 概括来说，即“过去的过去”。 过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作作为参照，使用过去完成时的动词的动作发生在该过去的动作之前。 常与其连用的时间状语by lastweek,by theend oflastyear/month/week,before+表示过去的时间状语等。 同步练习The girlsitting nexttomeontheplane wasvery nervous,for she_before.A.didnt B.hasnt flownC.hadnt flownD.wasnt flying被动语态构成主语+be+过去分词，动作的执行者由by引出（主语是动作的承受者）主动语态被动语态一般现在时amisaredo/does amisare+done一般将来时willbe goingto+do will+be+done一般过去时wasweredid waswere+done现在进行时amisare+doing amisare+being+done过去进行时waswere+doing waswere+being+done现在完成时havehas+done havehas+been+done过去完成时had+done had+been+done过去将来时would/should+V would/should be+done情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+done用法主动形式含有被动意义系动词smell,taste,sound,feel等。 一些不及物动词，如read,write,draw,sell,wash,cook,clean等，和well，easily等副词连用，含有被动意义。 be worthdoingwant/need/require doing=want/need/require tobe donesb bemade todo同步练习1.-Claudia，areyougoingtoJeffs birthdayparty onSunday?-Unless I.A.will beinvited B.am invitedC.was invitingD.invited2.Excuse me.Im lookingfor Bethe Bestof Yourself.Sorry.The bookyou askfor_out.A.is sellingB.is soldC.was sellingD.will besold.3.This listeningmaterial,together withits CD-ROMS,_well.A.sells B.sell C.is soldD.are sold4.Last year,Shenzhou-8_into thespace.It madeus proud.A.is sentB.was sentC.sends D.sent5.In the old days,they_