外文文献翻译原文-一种基于单片机的新型三相多费率电能表的设计

英文原文：DesignofaNewThree-phaseMulti-rateWatt-hourMeterBasedonsinglechipAbstractWiththedevelopmentofthesociety,thedemandofelectricpowerbecomesbiggerandbigger.Thephenomenonofunbalancedelectricityindifferenttimeisworseandworse.Inordertoadjustelectricpowerburthenwithreasonandsaveenergy,weputforwardthedesignofanovelmulti-ratethree-phasewatt-hourmeter.Thedesignprincipleofanovelmulti-ratethree-phasewatt-hourmeterbasedonAT89LV5isproposedinthispaper.Thedesignsofhardwareandsoftwareflow,aswellastheanalysisofexperimentdataarepresentedindetail.BytrialmanufacturinginZiboBillionElectronLimitedCompany,itdemonstratesthatthismulti-ratethree-phasewatt-hourmeterhasthecharacteristicswhicharewalkingprecision,accuratemeasurement,automaticmeterreading,flexibletimeperiodsettingandlowcost.Therefore,thisnovelmulti-ratewatt-hourmeterhasabroadapplicationprospect.Keywords-multi-rate,three-phasewatt-hourmeter,AT89LV52I.INTRODUCTIONThedevelopmentandapplicationofcomputertechnologypushtheconstructionofintellectualizedsectionexteriorly.Becausethephenomenaofbiggerdemandofelectricpowerandunbalancedelectricityindifferenttimeisworseandworse,electricpowercompanyhasencouragedpeopletousemulti-ratewatt-hourmeter1inordertoadjustelectricpowerburthenwithreasonandsaveenergy.Thetraditionalmulti-ratewatt-hourmeteralwaysadoptsmechanicaltinplatetomeasure.Therearesomeshortcomingsthatthemeasurementprecisionfallswithmachineabrasion,singletimeperiodsettingandstrongmanpower2.Inthispaper,weproposeanovelmulti-ratethree-phasewatt-hourmeterbasedonAT89LV52.Thismulti-ratethree-phasewatt-hourmeteradoptsAD7752formeasurement.Ithasthecharacteristicswhicharetime-sharingmeasurement,accuratemeasurement,LCDdisplay,automaticmeterreading,flexibletimeperiodsetting,timelyemendation,lowcostandnoveldesign.II.STRUCTUREANDWORKINGPRINCIPLEThenovelmulti-ratethree-phasewatt-hourmeterproposedinthispaperisbaseduponAT89LV52singlechip3.AT89LV52hastheflashmemorizerwith8kbytes,cryptographicalprogrammemorizerwiththirdclass,RAMwith256bytes,32programmableI/Olines,threetime/counterwith16bitsandatwoclasshaltwithsixvectors.TheinterfacecircuitadoptsI2Cbusunitwhichisa8bitssinglechipwithgoodperformanceandsuitableprice.Thesystemstructurediagramisshowninfigure1.Figure1.SystemstructurediagramTheprincipleofthismulti-ratewatt-hourmeterisreadinginthemulti-ratetimesegmentsusingRS485busandnotinginX25045thentakeovercorrectionalclockwithRS485busandwriteinclockCMOSchipS3530A.Thethree-phaseACvoltageandelectriccurrentpassthroughpotentiometerandmutualinductanceinstrumentrespectivelysoastoproducesmallsignalwhichissenttoAD7752tocompletemeasurement.TheclockCMOSchipS3530AgivesclockinformationpersecondinthecourseofautomaticmoveandanalyzethisclockbelongstowhichperiodoftimeaccordingtoadvanceperiodsoftimesetinX25045thensavetheelectricalenergyinRAMmemorizeraccordingtocorrespondingperiodoftime.WewriteittocorrespondingaddressofX25045whentheelectricalenergyachievesonedegreeinordertomakethemulti-ratemeasurementcometrue.Thiswatt-hourmeterhasfunctionsofclearLCDdisplay,missingphasedetection,burthencontrol,haltelectricitycheckandstorage,automaticmeterreadingandsoon.III.THEDESIGHOFHARDWARECIRCUITAElectricalenergymeasurementThethree-phaseelectricalenergymeasurementisrealizedbythelowconsumeCMOSchipAD7752ofADIcompany.TheinsideofAD7752adoptsdigitalcircuitbesidesADC,filterandmultiplicationcircuitwhichcaneliminatenoiseseffectively.Thesamplingcourseofvoltageandelectriccurrentinthree-phaseACpowersupplyloopisshowninfigure2inwhichIAstandsforvoltagesamplingofAphase.ThesamplingcircuitsofBphaseandCphasearesimilartoAphase.Thepowerafterintegralistransformedtoelectricalpulseforoutput.Thepulseoffan-outCFentersintointerregnumINT0ofAT89LV52throughphotoelectricityinsulation4N25.CPUmeasurestheelectricalenergy4.WeadjustthepulsenumberofCFbycombiningthestateofS1andS2.TheconnectionofelectricalenergyandpulseisW=MC.Inwhich,Wistheelectricalenergywiththeunitofkilowatt-hour,Misthetotalpulsenumber,Cisthepulsenumberofammeter.WechooseCequalsto3000thatistosayeverykilowatt-houris3000pulses.Figure2.Circuitschematicdiagramofwatt-hourmeterBLCDdisplayTheLCDdisplay6adoptsHT1621CMOSchipofHOLTEKCompanytoachievetwelvebitsdigitaldisplay.HT1621istheLCDdriverswith128segments(324)innermemorizer.TheinteriorofHT1621consistsofcontrolandtimecircuits,RAM,LCDdriveandwatchtimer.Ithasthemeritsofsmallvolumeandlowcostsothatitissuittowatt-hourmeter.WeuseserialinterfacewhichonlyhasfourlinesbetweenHT1621andAT89LV52.Thedetailedconnectionisshowninfigure3.P20,P21,P22andP23ofAT89LV52connecttoCS,RD,WRandDATArespectivelywiththeusetorefurbishthedisplayofRAM.HT1621driveCMOSchiphas48nodesinwhichCOM0,COM1,COM2,COM3connecttothecommunalendanddriveoutputofLCDandSG0,SG1,SG2,SG3connecttodriveoutputofeverysegmentrespectively.Inaddition,anadjustableresistanceof20kisputbetweenVDDandVLCDtoadjustthedisplaycontrastofLCD.ExperimentshowsthatthecontrastisbetterwithVDD=5VandVLCD=4V.CSerialmemorizerSerialmemorizeradoptslowpowerconsumptionchipX25045ofXICORcompany.IthasthreefunctionswhicharewatchdogtimerWTD,voltagesupervisionandserialmemorizerE2PROMwith512bytes.WTDcanbeset200ms,600msand1400mstimeintervals.ThesoftwareprogramisreadintoX25045.Duringthenormalrunningofprogram,WTDreceivesthetriggersignalintimeintervalsinordertoensurethenormalrunningofprogram.X25045willoutputahighpotentialthroughRESETlineifWTDdoesnotreceivetriggersignalintimeintervals.Thetriggerwatt-hourmeterresetinordertopreventprogramflyingaway.Astheserialmemorizerchip,512bytesofX25045areusedtostoragethewatt-hourmetercode,multi-rateperiodsoftime,theapexelectricity,smoothelectricity,valeelectricityandtotalelectricityoflastmonthandthismonth.Storagecanbedividedintotwosameareas.Oneisusedasdatastorage.Theotherisusedforbackup.Thenumberofstoragecanberevised100,000times.Datacanbestoredfor100years.ItisconnectedwithAT89LV52bySPIagreementbus.Theconnectionisshowninfigure3.DClockcircuitTheclockcircuitiscompletedbyS3530Achip.ItisalowpowerconsumptionclockchipthatsupportsI2CBus.ItsetstheclockandcalendaraccordingtothedatareceivedbyCUPcommunicatingwithRS485.Atthesametime,itcontinuestowalktimebyitsownoscillation.Thecrystaloscillatorof32.768kHzisputbetweenXinandXoutofS3530AwhichisconnectedwithCPUthroughlatching.SDAfootandSCLfootconnecttoP1.6andP1.7ofAT89LV52respectively.TherearetwointerruptalarmingfootscanbesetassecondoutputorminuteoutputsynchronizingpulsewhichsupplyinterruptsignaltoAT89LV52withonesecondperiod.Single-chipsystemwillreadoutthecurrenttimethroughI2Ccommunicationinterfaceaccordingtothissignalandcalculatetheperiodoftimethatthismomentbelongstosoastorealizetheelectricalenergymeasurementindifferentperiodsoftime5.Thisclockcircuithassparelithiumbattery.ThepowersupplyVCCsupplypowerinnormalwiringandelectrifiedforlithiumbatteryof3.6V.Whenthereispoweroff,thesystemwillautomaticallyconvertlithiumbatterytoclockcircuitforpowersupply.Theclockwillstillrunningaccuratelyeventhepowerisoff.Figure3.Partialcircuitfigureofwatt-hourmeterERS485CommunicationMAX485chipcanimplementRS485communicationcontrolofmulti-ratewatt-hourmeter.MAX485chiphasRS485communicationprotocol.Itcantake128hypogenouscomputers.Itstransmissiondistanceisgreaterthan1kmanditstransferrateisupto250kbpersecond.Thewatt-hourmeterconnectswiththeunitcontrollerthroughtheRS485bus.Eachunithasacellcontrollercanmanage128multi-ratewatt-hourmeter.Thecellcontrollerconnectstopowermanagementcomputer.Eachwatt-hourmeterhasoneandonlymeternumberwitheightbitsofhex.Theelectricianshouldwritetheusersinformationandmeternumberandthenimporttothepowermanagementcomputerforinitialinstallationsoadtocompletetheconnectionofuserandmanagementcomputer.Managementcomputersendssettingofperiodoftimeandclockinformationwiththemannerofbroadcastcommunicationwithoutaddressinformation.PCuploadsinformationbythewayofcallingaddress.FLackPhasedetectionandrelaycontrolItcanachieverelaycontrol7withP27ofAT89LV52.P27cancontrolrelaysusing4N25photoelectricityisolatorsoastocompletepowersupplyandpowercontrol.LackPhasedetectiongetsthesignalfromfan-outoftherelayandconnectsto1footofphotoelectricityisolatorafterpassinga75Kresistance,thediodehalf-waverectifierandcapacitivefilteringrespectively.Wedetectthe4footofisolatortodeterminewhetherthereisthelackofphase.Ifthereislackofphase,wedetectagainafter2secondsovertime.Webreakoffthepowerimmediatelyifthereislackofpowerafterthetwiceconfirmation.Inpowerprotectioncircuit,itusestheINT1interruptfootofAT89LV52todetectsignal.Whenthereisasuddenpoweroff,INT1jumpsintoalowvoltageandtheINT1interruptenterstothepowerprotectionprogramrelyingontheenergystoragecapacitortosavedata.Inthesystem,pulseoutputofAD7752,relaycontrolportandtheinputsoflackphasedetectionallusephotoelectricisolator4N25.Itsendselectricalsignalbylightcouplingwhichcanenhancetheabilityofanti-jamming.IV.THEDESIGNOFSOFTWAREAThedistributionofresourceThesoftwareprogramincludesmainprogram,X25045readandwriteprogram,RS485serialcommunicationprogram,interruptserveprogram,timerhandlingprogram,HT1621displaycontrolprogram,electricalenergymeasurementindifferentperiodoftimeandpowerdownprotectionprogram,andsystemself-checkingandanti-interferencehandlingprogram.Interruptresourcedistributionofsystemis:INT0interruptisusedasAD7752pulsemeasurement,INT1assynchronizationdetecting,timerT0as100mstiming,T1as1mstiming,andT2asbaudrategeneratorforserialcommunicationprogram.RS485asynchronouscommunicationissettoreceiveinterruptandcheckinformationforsending.BModuledesighTheflowchartofmainprogramisshowninfigure4.Thewatt-hourmetershouldbeabletoinitializeateachpoweruptime.Theinitializingprogramincludessettingworkingmodeoftimers,serialstomataandinterruptsforAT89LV52,writingcontrolwordintoX25045,S3530AandHT1621.Thissystemsetsthreeperiodsoftime.ThesinglechipreadsclockvaluefromS3530ApersecondthenanalyzethisclockbelongstowhichperiodoftimeaccordingtoadvanceperiodsoftimesetinX25045thensavetheelectricalenergyinRAMmemorizeraccordingtocorrespondingperiodoftime.WewriteittocorrespondingaddressofX25045whentheelectricalenergyachievesonedegree.TheLCDdisplaywith16bitsshowsperiodoftimeandelectricalenergyinformationinturn.Figure4.FlowchartofmainprogramV.TESTINGRESULTErrormeasurementandrunningtesthavebeenmadeinZiboBillionElectronCo.,Ltd.Theepigenouscomputercompletesthesettingoftimemanagement.Therearethree-rateperiodoftime.Thefirstperiodoftimeisvaleelectricityfrom00point00minuteto06point30minutes.Thesecondperiodoftimeisapexelectricityfrom06point30minutesto22point30minutes.Thethirdperiodoftimeissmoothelectricityfrom22point30minutesto24point00minute.ThesettingofrateperiodoftimeissenttocomputermanagementsystembyelectricpowercompanyaccordingtonationalpolicyandsavedinX25045.Theapexelectricity,smoothelectricity,valeelectricityandtotalelectricitypermonthreadsavedinelectricalenergymeterandsenttoepigenouscomputerthroughcellcontroller.Thecommunicationbaudrateis9600bitspersecond.Thecheckoutplatformof0.1gradestandardelectronicpowermeterisusedasstandardmeterandthemulti-ratewatt-hourmeteristhetestedmeter.BillionElectronCompanyhascarriedouttestingaccordingtodifferentloadrunning.Themeasureddataisshownintable1withtheburthenof30kW.TABLEI.COMPAREOFNORMALMETERANDTESTINGMETERThetestingresultindicatesthattheerrorofthismulti-ratewatt-hourmeterislessthan1%,belongsto1.0grade.Thereturnreadingofelectricalenergyisprecisionandtheemendationoftimeistimelyandright.Bytesting,themethodofdecreasingerrorsforelectricitymeteringcanbeobtained.Firstly,adjustthesamplingresistanceofAD7752toaccuratevalue.Secondly,thevalueofthisresistanceisneededlessvaryingwithtemperature.Thirdly,duringelectricitymeteringprogress,whenmantissaportionofelectricityislessthan0.01,theremainingpulseshouldbeaccessedtogether,thuscumulativeerrorcausedbylackof0.01degreeenergylosscouldbeavoided.VI.CONCLUSIONANDEXPECTATIONThemulti-ratewatt-hourmeterachieveselectricalenergycomputationindifferenttimeaccordingtodifferenttimesetting.ItadoptsRS485forserialcommunicationandrealizesautomaticmeterreadingandreal-timeemendation.TheresultsofproductioninBillionElectronCompanyshowthatt