intercultural-communication-competence.ppt

InterculturalCommunicationCompetence Case1 I veNotConsideredMarriageYet John 28yearsold anAustralianstudyingChineseinBeijing metLiHuaatadanceparty LiHua 22 tookaninstantlikingtoJohnthefirsttimetheymet astimewenton theysawmoreandmoreofeachother Aftersixmonthsorso LiHuasuggeststhatJohnmeetherparents SincethiswasthefirsttimeJohnhadvisitedaChinesefamily hebecamequitenervousthemomenthewasintroducedtoLiHua sparents eldersisterandsister in law SoonafterservinghimsomeChineseteaandfruit LiHua smotherbeganquestioningJohnabouthisbackground hisfamilyandrelatives aswellashiseconomicstatus Johndidhisbesttoanswerallofthequestions sometimesinbrokenChinese Afewminuteslater LiHua sfatherturnedtowardsJohn andaskedaverydirectquestion HewantedJohntotellhimwhenhewouldmarryLiHuaandwherehewasgoingtoliveandwork John beingabitsurprisedatthequestion repliedthathehadn tthoughtaboutmarriage LiHua sfathergotveryupsetandangry HestampedhisfootandaskedJohntoleave AsJohnwasabouttoleave LiHua sfatherwarnedhimagainstseeinghisdaughteragain Johnleft withoutknowingwhathehaddonetoenragethefamily HowcouldyouexplaintoLiHua sparentsabouttherelationshipbetweenLiHuaandJohn HowcouldyouexplaintoJohnLiHua sparents behavior Case2 DifferentAttitudesTowardaFlyinaBeer Ifinthedininghall aflywasseeninaglassofbeer anEnglishmanwouldsay MayIhaveanother please aFrenchmanwouldpourthebeerout aSpanishmanwouldputthemoneyonthetableandleavewithoutaword aJapanesewouldsummonthemanagerandcriticize Doyoudoallyourbusinesslikethis anArabwouldgivethebeertothewaiterandsay I llbuyyouadrink andthemorehumorousAmericanwouldsaytothewaiter Pleaseservetheflyandbeerseparately Ifthecustomerlikesthefly hecouldputitintohisbeerhimself Case3 Haveyouhadyourlunch Whereareyougoing WhenIfirstwenttoHongKonganumberofyearsago IhadnoideaabouttheChineselanguageortheChineseculture Shortlyaftermyarrival Iwenttothebankonmywaytoschool IwasextremelysurprisedwhenthebankclerkaskedmeifIhadhadlunch InBritishculture thequestionwouldberegardedasanindirectinvitationtolunch andbetweenunmarriedyoungpeople itindicatesayoungman sinterestindatingagirl Sincehewasacompletelystranger Iwasquitetakenaback Iproceededtoschoolandwasevenmoresurprisedwhenoneoftheteachersaskedmethesamequestion BynowIrealizedthatitcould notbeaninvitation butIwaspuzzledastowhytheykeptaskingit Inthefollowingdays asIwasaskedthequestionagainandagain Icametotheconclusionthatpeoplemustbeconcernedmyhealth Iwassomewhatunderweight andIassumedtheymustbeworriedthatIwasnoteatingproperly Onlylater didIfindoutthatthequestionhadnorealSignificanceatall itwasmerelyagreeting Case4 TherehasbeenaveryfamousbrandofbatteryinChina WhiteElephant SupposethisproductistobeexportedtotheUKortheUSA It sverylikelytofailwithoutchangingitsbrandname why 1 FactorsunderlyingInterculturalCommunicationCompetence 2 Definitions CommunicationCompetenceandInterculturalCommunicationCompetence CompetentcommunicationCommunicationcompetenceInterculturalcompetenceInterculturalcommunicationcompetence 2 1Competentcommunication Competentcommunicationisinteractionthatisperceivedaseffectiveinfulfillingcertainrewardingobjectivesandisalsoappropriatetothecontextinwhichtheinteractionoccurs 2 2CommunicationCompetence Communicationcompetenceisasocialjudgmentthatpeoplemakeaboutothers 2 3InterculturalCompetence Theabilitytobecomeeffectiveandappropriateininteractingacrosscultures 2 4Interculturalcommunicationcompetence Interculturalcommunicationcompetencereferstotheabilitytoaccomplisheffectiveandappropriateinterculturalcommunicationbetweencommunicatorsofdifferentcultures 3 TheComponentsofInterculturalCompetence IndividualComponentsofInterculturalCompetence Individualcomponentsusuallyincludemotivation knowledge attitudes behaviorsandskills ContextualComponentsofInterculturalCompetence 3 1IndividualComponentsofInterculturalCompetence Motivation Motivationincludestheoverallsetofemotionalassociationsthatpeoplehaveastheyactuallycommunicateinter culturally b Knowledge Theknowledgecomponentcomprisesvariouscognitiveaspectsofcommunicationcompetence itinvolveswhatweknowaboutourselvesandothers andaboutvariousaspectsofcommunication c Attitudes Manyattitudescontributetointerculturalcommunicationcompetence includingtoleranceforambiguity empathy andnonjudgmentalness d Behaviorsandskills Thereseemtobetwolevelsofbehavioralcompetence Themacrolevelincludesmanyculture generalbehaviors thenthereisthemicrolevel atwhichthesegeneralbehaviorsareimplementedinculture specificways 3 2ContextualComponentsofInterculturalCompetence Contextreferstoalltheinformationintheactualcommunicationsetting sosomeinterculturalcommunicationscholarswoulduseanotherterm situationalfeatures torefertothecontext Anotheraspectofcontextisthecommunicator spositionwithinaspeechcommunity Inaddition anindividual scompetencemaybeconstrainedbythepolitical economic andhistoricalcontexts 4 CommunicationCharacteristics TraitCommunicationCharacteristicsDominantSpeaksfrequentlyandcontrolsconversations DramaticVeryexpressivelanguage Oftenexaggeratesandembellishes ContentiousArgumentativeandoftenhostile AnimatedEnergeticandexpressivegestures facialexpressionsandthelike Impression leavingStateideasandfeelingsinanindeliblefashion Relaxedcalm comfortable andseldomnervousaroundothers AttentiveGoodlistener Offersverbalandnonverbalencouragementtothespeaker OpenDisclosespersonalinformation showsemotionsandfeelings FriendlyOfferspositivefeedbackandencouragement 5 1StrategiesandSkillsforImprovingInterculturalCompetence a knowyourselfb considerthephysicalandhumansettingsc Seektounderstanddiversemessagesystemsd developempathye improvingempathyf encouragefeedbackg learnaboutculturaladaptation 5 2SkillsforImprovingInterculturalCompetence a TrytoAcceptDifferingOpinionsb MakeYourVerbalMessagesc AvoidDominatingConversationsd AvoidBeingSubmissiveinConversationse BeanAffirmer Whenincommunication frequentlycheck DoIseemateaseortense DoIoftenchangethetopicwithouttakingtheotherpersonintoconsideration DoIsmileoften DoIinterruptrepeatedly DoIdeprecatethestatementsofothers DoIshowsympathywhensomeonehasaproblem Domyactionstendtolowertheotherperson sself esteem DoIemployapleasanttoneofvoicewhenItalktopeople DoItendtopickthetopicsfordiscussionordoIsharetopicselection Whatdoesmytoneofvoicesuggest HowdoIreacttobeingtouched 5 3ConsiderthephysicalandhumanSettings TimingPhysicalsettingCustomsOne sabilitytoadapttothecustomsofeachculturewill toalargeextent determinethesuccessofyourinterculturalencounters 5 4SeektounderstandDiverseMessageSystem LanguagecodingNon verbalcoding 5 5DevelopEmpathy Weshouldnotjudgeanotherpersonuntilwehavewalkedtwomoonsinhismoccasins Beabletoseethingsfromthepointofviewofothers Empathyhasbeenrecognizedasimportantbothtogeneralcommunicationcompetenceandasacentralcharacteristicofcompetentandeffectiveinterculturalcommunication HindrancestoEmpathy Constantself focusThetendencytonotesomefeaturestotheexclusionofothersoftencausesustomisusethedatawegatheraboutanotherperson Stereotypednotionsconcerninggender raceandcultureserveaspotentialstumblingblockstoempathy Dogmatismisanotherattitudethatkeepsusfromdevelopingempathy Lackofmotivation Improvingempathy Pay