09基础英语(4) 试卷A.doc

年级专业：2009级 教学班号： 学号： 姓名：装 订 线 （ 2010 至 2011 学年 第 2 学期 ）课程名称： 基础英语4 考试时间： 120分钟 课程代码： 4103140-4.5 试卷总分： 100分考试形式： 闭卷 学生自带普通计算器: 不允许请将所有的答案都写在答题纸上Part I: Writing (本题共1小题, 每小题20分，共计20分)Directions: Write a short essay on the topic of On the Improvement of Students Mental HealthYou should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.1 大学生的心理健康十分重要2 为此，学校可以。3 我们自己应当。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (本题共10小题, 每小题2分，共计20分)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For the questions, Write down the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Passage A Learning To Keep Your Cool During TestsHave you ever felt so anxious during an examination that you couldnt even put down the answers you know? If so, you were suffering from what is known as test anxiety.According to psychologist Ralph Trimble, test anxiety is a very real problem for many people. When youre worried over your performance on an exam, your heat beats faster and your pulse speeds up. These reactions start others: You may sweat more than normal or suffer from a stomachache or headache. Your field of vision narrows and becomes tunnel-like. Before you know it, youre having difficulty focusing.“What I hear students say over and over again,” says Dr. Trimble, who is working at the Psychological and Counseling Center at the University of Illinois, “is, My mind went blank.”For a number of years, Dr. Trimble helped many students learn how t perform better during exams and to bring up their grades. Some of these students were interested in sharing what they learned and, with Trimbles help, began holding workshops on overcoming test anxiety. For many students, just being in a workshop with other sufferers made them feel better. They realized that they were not the only ones who had done poorly on tests because of tension.The workshops were so successful that they are still given.In the workshops, students are taught that anxiety is normal. You just have to prevent it from getting the best of you. The first step is to learn to relax. If before or during an examination you start to panic, stretch as hard as can, tensing the muscles in your arms and legs; then suddenly relax all of them. This will help relieve tension. But keep in mind that you dont want to be too relaxed. Being completely relaxed is no better than being to tense. “If you are so calm you dont care how you do on an examination, you wont do well,” Trimble says. “There is an optimum level of concern when you perform at your best. Some stress helps. There are people who cant take even slight stress. They have to learn that in a challenging situation, being anxiously excited is good and will help them to do better. But if they call it anxiety and say, “Its going to hit me again, that will make them nervous and worried.”As a student you must also realize that if you leave too much studying until a day or two before the examination, you cant do the impossible and learn it all. Instead, concentrate on what you can do and try to think what questions are likely to be asked and what you can do in the time left for studying. When you sit down to study, set a moderate pace and vary it by reading, writing notes, and going over any papers you have already written for the course, as well as the textbooks and notes you took in class. Review what you know. Take breaks and go to sleep early enough to get a good nights rest before the exam. You should also eat a moderate breakfast or lunch, avoiding drinks like coffee and stay away from fellow students who get tense. Panic spreads easily.Get to the exam room a few minutes early so that you will a chance to familiarize yourself with the surroundings and get out your supplies. When the examination is handed out, read the directions twice and underline the significant instructions, making sure you understand them. Ask the teacher to explain if you dont. First answer the easier question, then go back to the more difficult.On essay questions, instead of starting right away, take a few minutes to organize your thoughts, make a brief outline, and then start off with a summary sentence. Keep working steadily, and even when time starts to run out, dont speed up.1.We learn form the passage that test anxiety _.A. affects a small number of peopleB. can lead to physical discomfortC. can have a negative effect on a persons eyesightD. often affects those who are physically weak2.Dr. Trimble often heard students say that _A. their mind failed to work when faced with a testB. they had difficulty focusing on the test items.C. They could not think of a way to get rid of test anxietyD. They began panicking well ahead of a test3. In Trimbles workshop the students learned _.A. how to avoid being controlled by test anxietyB. that text anxiety is normal and would go away in timeC. certain mental exercises that would help them relaxD. how to concentrate on what they could do4. According to the passage, being completely relaxed before a test _.A. helps a student to perform better in the testB. can also be harmful to a persons performance in the testC. helps a student to cope with a challenging situation betterD. may be more harmful than getting too worried over tests5. The author suggest that before a test _.A. you should avoid staying with a fellow student who suffers test anxietyB. You should not think that you will be affected by your fellow students anxietyC. You should get together with other sufferers of test anxiety in order to feel betterD. You should eat a big meal and drink some coffee to keep yourself in high spiritsPassage BCloningCloning now is all over the news with identical sheep (as if they dont look enough alike already) and tomatoes that stay fresh on the shelves for a longer time. The words “cloning” and “genetic engineering” are often used by people as though they mean the same thing. Well, they have an overlapping meaning the becomes clear when we look through history.Genetic engineering, in its broadest definition, means to manipulate a species so that a particular trait is increased in the population. A trait is how an organism looks or acts or what it does. Brown eyes is a trait. Flying in circles is a trait. Climbing trees is a trait.The earliest forms of genetic engineering occurred on farms, where most people on earth lived at the time. They managed to do this by selecting seeds from plants that maybe had more fruit production or tastier leaves than other plants of its type.They planted those seeds and grew plants that had more of the favorable traits. Then they chose to save the seeds form the best of that lot to sow the next year. So, year by year, the farmers produced better and better crops. This type of activity probably has been going on since mankind first settled in villages and began making a life for themselves in one location, about 12,000 years ago!The same sort of thing would have also happened with animals. By eating the animals that didnt have favorable traits, like pulling a large load, and letting the animals with the favorable traits reproduce, herds and flocks would slowly develop more and more traits that humans found useful. It was thousands of years before mankind figured out how plants and animals reproduce themselves. With this knowledge, people could pollinate plants by hand or keep a pair of animals together in order to deliberately cause an increase in a favorable trait.It was only in the last 250 years that scientists began figuring out about chromosomes and genes and the role they play in the way one generation passes its traits on to the next. And its only been in the last 30 years that scientists have been able to cut out specific genes from one organism and put them in another.It is this 30-year-old technology that is described by the narrow definition of genetic engineering. Mankind has long been able to have a deliberate impact on the world around him. He now possesses the tools to deliberately impact himself. Some people are afraid of what might be done with that power.The word “clone” was first used as a noun to describe a population of cells that reproduced themselves faithfully. A clone produces cells that not lonely have the same chromosomes, but which turn on the same genes, turn off the same genes, and therefore look identical, act the same, and do the same things.If you took one bacterium and gave it food, it would reproduce itself until the food ran out. The bacteria produced would all be identical and form what is called a clone or a “cell line”.With plants and animals this process is more difficult because of the many, many types of cells that compose these organisms. Most of the cells do reproduce themselves very slowly, if at all, in an adult. Cancer cells are an exception to this, reproducing themselves rapidly. Cancer cells are natural clones and were the first human cells isolated and grown in laboratories. All the cells of a cell line produce cells which look identical and act the same way and do the same things. The word “cloning” has come to mean using genetic engineering techniques to produce either lines of identical looking and acting cells or genetically identical animals or plants. When we speak of cloned animals, we do not expect them to act alike; just have identical genes. Twins are natures clones, and we know they do not act alike or have the same personality at all.6.In the writers view_.A. cloning and genetic engineering are two terms that mean exactly the same thingB. cloning and genetic engineering overlap in meaningC. cloning is generally concerned with the reproduction of animalsD. genetic engineering is mainly concerned with plant reproductions7. Genetic engineering, in its broad sense, means _.A. to increase the favorable traits of a speciesB. to gradually eliminate the animals with unfavorable traitsC. to cut out specific genes from one organism and put them in anotherD. to help speed up the process of reproduction in plants and animals8. The earliest forms of genetic engineering occurred _.A. when farmers could make tomatoes stay fresh for a longer period of timeB. when farmers chose the best plant seeds for future useC. when farmers selected leaves that were tastier than othersD. when farmers trained their animals to pull heavier loads9. With the development of genetic engineering, _.A. mankind has a better tool to investigate the process of reproduction B. human beings can reproduce those species that are useful to themC. the world has become a fearsome place to live inD. human beings have more power to influence the world they live in10. “Cloning” will produce _.A. animal that are identical in their behaviourB. Organisms with simple cell structuresC. Plants and animal with identical genesD. Organisms that look and behave in the same manner.Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (本题共20题，每题2分，共40分)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Honestly, Ive never really understood the appeal of coupons (优惠券). I was once 11 by Entertainment Book, a thick $30 book of hundreds of coupons at restaurants, Web sites, retail stores and service firms. I thought that since I was paying for the coupons, theyd be a bit more 12 than what you find in the Sunday newspaper. In Entertainment Book, youll find everything from 20 percent off goods to renting one video and getting the second free. Entertainment Book makes them 13 to the area you live in so the Washington one is 14 with coupons for local restaurants and stores. And you have one year to use all the coupons.Ive used the coupon as a 15 on a nice gift basket I sent to a friend who got married. I was really excited to use another coupon, worth $5 toward a 16 at the Smoothie store, but I was stopped dead in my tracks when a notice was 17 near the cash register, stating the coupon was not authorized (授权) to be included in the book and therefore wouldnt be 18 in the store. Failure! Other than a handful of other coupons I plan to use before the end of this year, the book seems 19 to me. Once again I think coupons, even ones you pay for, make you spend money on things you 20 dont buy.A) purchaseB) useless C) saleD) discountE) accepted F) valuable G) special H) normally I) filledJ) postedK) completelyL) specific M) bargain N) attractedO) pricelessSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneNearly 5,000 people below the age of 21 die because of excessive alcohol consumption each year. Oddly, this has triggered a new movement to lower the drinking age. In America, young people can vote, drive, marry, divorce, hunt and go to war before alcohol is legally allowed to touch their lips. Many states once set their minimum drinking-age at 18. But in 1984 Ronald Reagan oversaw the passage of the “21 law”, which requires states to set 21 as the minimum drinking-age or risk losing 10% of their highway funds. Now campaigners want to move it back.In the past, states have been too financially timid (胆怯的) to challenge the 21 law. But calls for change are growing louder. Two local judges in South Carolina recently ruled that banning 18- to 20-year-olds from drinking or possessing alcohol is unconstitutional. Public officials, including the former attorney general of South Dakota, have called the 21 law a failure. The about-face of Morris Chafetz, a doctor who served on the commission that recommended increasing the drinking age to 21, has also raised eyebrows. This week he called it the most regrettable decision of his career.Supporters of existing status, including the organisation Mothers Against Drunk Driving, say that the law has helped avoid thousands of deaths. But doubters point out that other countries, like Canada, have seen similar declines, even though their drinking-age is 18. They also argue that barring young people from drinking does not stop them from consuming alcohol: it just makes them drink more quickly.John McCardell, former president of Middlebury College in Vermont, is part of the Amethyst Initiative, a group of educators who are pushing for 18-year-olds to be allowed to drink. “Those who have graduated from high school, have a clean record and completed an alcohol-education programme should qualify for a drinking licence,” he says, “in the same way that people who go to driving school receive a licence to operate a vehicle.”This is not the first time that Americans have desired a change in alcohol policy during a period of economic distress. Franklin Roosevelt lifted prohibition in 1933 amid the trouble of a depression.21. According to the passage, why did the U.S. states follow the “21 law” in the past?A) Fewer people consumed alcohol before.B) Citizens believed it helped eliminate drunk driving.C) Its passage was supervised by honorable Reagan.D) They couldnt afford to take the financial risk.22. We learn from the passage that Morris Chafetz .A) made a terrible mistake many years agoB) supports lowering the drinking age nowC) insists that the 21 law not be changedD) regrets that few people support the 21 law23. What happened in Canada where the legal drinking age is set at 18?A) Fewer people die from drunk driving. B) Many people want it to be increased to 21.C) Drunk driving causes more road deaths.D) Young people learn to drink more quickly.24. The Amethyst Initiative member John McCardell suggests that .A) young people should qualify to drink as long as they reach 18B) 18-year-olds should learn for a license before they can drinkC) schools should make programmes on drinking compulsory for studentsD) drinking licences should be issued to stop excessive alcohol consumption25. It can be inferred from the passage that the change of alcohol policy mainly depends on .A) presidential preferenceB) political powersC) economic situationD) public opinionPassage TwoMen are spending more and more time in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity chefs (名人厨师) like Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver, according to a report from Oxford University. The effect of the celebrity role models, who have given cookery a more manly image, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality, to mean men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961.According to research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershuny, who runs the Centre for Time Research at Oxford, men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking, up from just 12 minutes a day in 1961. Prof. Gershuny said: “The man in the kitchen is part o