Translation-Skills.ppt

TranslationSkills TranslationinGeneralandTranslationofSpecialLiterature TranslationSkills 1 definitionoftranslation 翻译的定义 2 natureandscopeoftranslation 翻译的性质和范围 3 principlesorcriteriaoftranslation 翻译的原则或标准 4 literaltranslationandfreetranslation 直译和意译 5 translationtechnique 翻译技巧 6 specialattention 特别注意 DefinitionofTranslation Translationisarenderingofideasorconceptsfromonelanguageintoanother i e thefaithfulrepresentationinthetargetlanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidintheoriginallanguage 菜单 inrestaurant 例如 menu选项 项目单 incomputerscience Natureandscopeoftranslation Nature asubjectinthecurriculum ajobpeopleengagein apieceofliterarywork thetranslatingorinterpretingworkitself translatororinterpreterhimself herself Scope fromnativelanguagesintoforeignlanguages intermoflanguagefromforeignlanguagesintonativelanguagesoralinterpretation intermofthemodewrittentranslationtranslationofscientificmaterialstranslationofliteraryworks intermofmaterialstobetranslatedtranslationofpoliticalessaystranslationofpracticalwritingfull texttranslation disposalabridgedtranslationadaptedtranslation Principlesorcriteriaoftranslation YanFu faithfulness 信 expressiveness 达 andelegance 雅 Almostunanimouslyacceptedbyall thecriterionoffaithfulness accuracy 忠实 准确 andthatofsmoothness 流畅 Byfaithfulness accuracy wemeantobefaithfulnotonlytotheoriginalcontents totheoriginalmeaningandviews butalsototheoriginalformandstyle Bysmoothness wemeannotonlyeasyandreadablerendering butalsoidiomaticexpressioninthetargetlanguage freefromstiffformulaandmechanicalcopyingfromdictionaries Literaltranslationandfreetranslation Literaltranslation tokeepthesentimentsandstyleoftheoriginal Forexample armedtotheteeth 武装到牙齿 crocodile stears 鳄鱼的眼泪 chainreaction 连锁反应 gentlemen sagreement 君子协定 andsoon Similarly someChineseidiomsalsofindtheirEnglishcounterpartsthroughliteraltranslation Forexample 纸老虎 papertiger 一国两制 onecountry twosystems andsoon ps tryingtobeflexible Freetranslation toconveythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginal Forexample Adam sApple 喉结 atsixesandsevens 乱七八槽 Itrainscatsanddogs 大雨滂沱 Don tcrossthebridgetillyougettoit 不必担心过早 不必自寻烦恼 Doyouseeanygreeninmyeye 你以为我是幼稚可欺的吗 Ps becautiousofsubjectivity注意 Inactualpractice weoftenalternateorcombinethesetwoapproachesinsteadstickingtoeither Translationtechniques Speakingoftranslationtechniques wedifferfromthosewhotendtoignoreorexaggeratethem Differentkindsofmaterialstobetranslatedrequiredifferentstressesintheirrendering Thebasictranslationtechniques 1 Diction 选词用字 2 Amplification 增益 3 Omission 省略 4 Repetition 重复 5 Conversion 转换 6 Rearrangement 词序调整 7 Negation 正说反译 反说正译 8 Division 长句拆译 Specialattention weshouldtreatthetranslationofeachkindofdocumentaryworksdiscriminatingly Inordertoexpandhis herscopeofknowledge aconscientioustranslatorshouldalwaysdotwothingsonhis herown 1 constantlyexposinghimself herselftovariousreadingmaterials variousdocumentsetc onallsubjectrelevanttohis herwork 2 conscientiouslyconsultingtherelevantbackgroundmaterialsorreferentialmaterialsonthesubjectdealtwithbythetextsoastokeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology 练习 Itwasthebestoftimes itwastheworstoftimes itwastheageofwisdom itwastheageoffoolishness itwastheepochofbelief itwastheepochofincredulity itwastheseasonoftheLight itwastheseasonofDarkness itwasthespringofHope itwasthewinterofDespair wehadeverythingbeforeus Wehadnothingbeforeus wewereallgoingtoHeaven wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway 这是最美好的时期 这是最坏的时期 这是智慧的年代 这是愚蠢的年代 这是充满信仰的时代 这是顾虑重重的时代 这是光明的季节 这是黑暗的季节 这是富有希望的春天 这是充满绝望的寒冬 我们拥有一切 我们一无所有 我们正笔直走向天堂 我们正笔直走向地狱 Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart holdahand lendanear pataback lightupaface tickleafunnybone dryaneye surpriseachild wooasweetheart toastabride welcomeastranger waveagood bye shoutabravo blowakiss mendaquarrel easeapain boostamorale stopaworryandstartatradition 一张小小贺卡可以温暖一颗心 握紧一双手 倾听肺腑言 轻拍友人背 它令人喜洋洋 撩得心痒痒 抹去泪汪汪 它给孩子以惊喜 给恋人以温存 给新娘以祝福 给路人以欢迎 它可用以挥手道别 高声喝彩 遥寄飞吻 也可用以弥补嫌隙 减轻痛苦 提高士气 解除忧虑 开创一种新风尚 Asanimportantmeansforpreservingknowledge variousliteratureshavebecomepreciousresourcesortreasuresforthemankind whichhavegreatlycontributedtothesocialprogressofthehumanrace Professionalliteratureshavebeenregardedas intangibleassets ofthewholeworldbecausetheyare ontheonehand thesummary generalization anddevelopmentoftheachievementsobtainedonthebasisofpreviousexperiencesorstudies andontheotherhand theyhavebeenaccumulatedandhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration Inthissense therefore allkindsofliteraturearerecordsofpreciousresearchfindingsandacademicachievements andthecrystallizationofhumancivilization 作为一种重要的知识储备手段 各类文献已成为宝贵的资源宝藏 大大促进了人类社会的进步 专业文献一向被认为是全世界的 无形财产 因为一方面它们是对前人的经验或研究成果的总结 概括和发展 另一方面 又是人类长期积累 世代相传的遗产 因此 从这种意义上讲 一切文献都是前入的研究发现和学术成就的宝贵记载 是人类文化的结晶 翻泽的意义是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言 简单地讲 它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术 从以上翻译的定义来看 我们知道词句的原意必须尽可能保持准确 不可有所增删 翻译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思 因此 翻译有两种要素 准确性与表达性 Translationistheconversionofanexpressionintoanotherlanguage Tosayplainlyitisanarttoreproducetheexactideaoftheauthorbymeansofanlanguagedifferentfromtheoriginal FromtheabovedefinitionoftranslationweknowthattheoriginalthoughtoftheexpressionmustbekeptasexactlyaspossibleNothingshouldbeaddedtoortakeawayfromtheoriginalwork Thedutyofthetranslationissimplytochangethevocabularynotthethought Intranslationtherefore therearetwoessentialelements accuracyandexpressiveness 准确性是翻译的首要条件 译者必须谨慎地遵循原作者的意思 字词的选择与句式结构必须如实传达原作的思想 表达性是使译文易于理解 换言之 译者必须用自己的文字尽可能将原作思想清楚而有力地表达出来 准确性是使译文的意义确切无误 而表达性则是使译文生动 引人入胜 Accuracyisthefirstrequisiteoftranslation Thetranslatormuststicktotheauthor sideas Wordsselectedandsentencesconstructedmustbeofsuchnatureaswillconvey