Book6_U4_重点词汇讲解.doc

U4 重点词汇讲解1 International aid helps many people around the world to have better lives, especially when things go wrong.国际援助帮助世界上的许多人过上了更好的生活，尤其是当情况变得糟糕的时候。go wrong 出毛病，发生故障；变糟，变坏go 的用法：go 在此处充当系动词，后加形容词做表语，表示变化（通常是由正常变为不正常，好变成坏）。拓展： go deaf 变聋 go blind 变瞎 Go sour 变酸 go pale 变苍白 Go mad 变疯 go bad 变质eg. To my surprise, something has gone wrong with the engine. 使我吃惊的是，发动机出毛病了。 She went pale at the news. 听到那消息她的脸色变得苍白。 Eggs go bad easily in summer. 夏天鸡蛋容易变坏。 He went blind after the accident.这次事故后，他的眼睛就瞎了。2. Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programs to help people.作为一名亲善大使意味着我要访问那些联合国采取行动帮助其人民的国家。operate: vt. 使用，使运转（系统、项目、服务等）eg. The government operates a new system for assisting the old people. 政府制定了一个新的制度来帮助老年人。 Machines are operated by electricity. 机器靠电开动。Operate: vi 动手术 operate on eg. The doctor operated on his chest yesterday. 昨天医生给他的胸部动了手术。Operation: n. 军事行动；手术；操作，实施。eg. The army received an order to put off the operation.部队接到命令要推迟行动。 The operation of the machine is simple.这台机器的操作很简单。 Youd better examine the engine regularly to guarantee its smooth operation.你最好经常检查引擎以保证它能正常运转。 He is very ill and needs an operation. 他病得很重，需要做手术。3. Im pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is more often referred to. 我很高兴今天有机会同大家谈谈联合国的情况，联合国被称为UN.refer to: 1) 提交，交付； 2）求助，查询； 3）参照，参阅； 4）言及，提到；5）把称作eg. You can refer to your notes in the exam but discussing with others is not allowed.考试中你可以参考笔记，但不可以与其他人讨论。 If you are still confused, please refer to the expert. 如果你还不明白，可以去问问专家。 The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturer. 商店把投诉转交给了制造商。 Dont refer to that matter again. 不要再提那件事了。 Is she the lady referred to last night? 她就是昨晚提到的那位女士吗？ The speaker referred to him as an up-and coming politicians. 演讲者被认为是一位政治新秀。4. I feel very honored to have been able to take on this role. 能够担任这个角色，我感到十分荣幸。1）honor: vt.尊敬，给予荣誉eg. Im honored that you could come.很荣幸你能来。 The young should honor the old.年轻人应该尊重老人。 I hope that you can honor our agreement.我希望你能信守我们的协议。honor: n. 荣誉，面子，尊敬eg. Everyone has the responsibility to protect the honor of his country.每人都有责任保护祖国的荣誉。 The athletes won great honor for our motherland.运动员们为我们的祖国赢得了无限荣誉。 We mush show honor to our teachers.我们必须尊敬我们的老师。拓展： honor 构成的常见短语be honored for 因而受到尊敬be honored with 被授予be/ feel honored by 因而感到极大的荣幸have the honor of doing sth./ to do sth. 有做的荣幸in honor of . 为向表示敬意，为纪念eg. He is honored with the title of a model teacher.他被授予模范教师的称号。 He sang a song in honor of my birthday. 为庆祝我的生日他唱了一首歌。honorable: adj. 可敬的，值得钦佩的，品格高尚的eg. We all trust him because he is an honorable person.我们都很信任他，因为他是一个高尚的人。2) take on: 承担；雇佣；呈现（性质、外观）eg. Dont take on more work than you can do.不要承担超过你所能符合的工作量。 Jiangsu Province has taken on a new look in the past twenty years.二十年来，江苏省呈现的崭新的面貌。 5. With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters. 在这些军队和其他可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供帮助。worthy: adj. 令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的eg. He is a worthy teacher.他是一位受人敬重的老师。 His behavior is worthy of praise. 他的行为值得称赞。 She said that she was not worthy to accept the honor they had offered her. 她说她不配接受他们给予的荣誉。注：1） worth 和worthy 表示“值得的”时的区别。be worth + n./ pron. / doingbe worthy of + n./ being done/ to be doneeg. The book is worth reading The book is worthy of being read./ to be read. 这本书值得一读。 2）worthy 表示“可敬的”时，通常作定语，不作表语。6. Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries withOther problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease. 除战争和冲突引起的紧急问题外，联合国还帮助那些因教育匮乏、食物短缺，或由贫穷、灾难、疾病引起问题的国家。lack: vt./ vi./ n. 缺乏，没有， 需要vt. lack something They are so rich that they lack nothing. 他们非常富裕，什么都不缺。vi. lack for something She lacks for common sense. 她缺乏常识。n. (a) lack of The house couldnt be finished as a lack of funds.因为缺少资金，房子无法完工。adj. be lacking in Money for the project is still lacking.开展这个项目的钱还没有着落。 She is lacking in confidence when delivering a speech in public. 她在向公众演讲时总是缺乏自信。7. One of the jobs of the UN is to protect human rights and improve laws on behalf of people who need help. 联合国的职能之一是保护人权和完善那些需要保护的人而制定的法律。on behalf of sb. = on ones behalf 作为某人的代表，为了eg. On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示谢意。 Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. 肯不在场，因此我将代表他接受此奖。8. If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador! 要是我是一个亲善大使就好了！if only 但愿，要是就好了。引导的句子使用虚拟语气。eg. If only I were rich! 但愿我很富有！ If only I had taken your advice! 我要是早接受你的建议就好了。 If only I should come to your party tomorrow evening! 明天晚上要是我能去参加你的聚会就好了！9. What I want to remind everyone is, without your support- such as giving money-UNICEF would not be able to do so much good work. 我要提醒大家的是，如果没有你们的支持比如捐款联合国儿童基金会就不会做得那么好！remind: 提醒，使想起。构成短语： remind sb. of something remind sb. to do remind (sb) that eg. Im sorry, Ive forgotten your name. Can you remind me? 对不起我忘了你的名字。提醒一下好吗？Passengers are reminded that no smoking is allowed on this train. 旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟！ That view reminds me of the days when I was brought up in the village. 这个场面让我想起在村子里长大的时光。10. We recommend using alternative sources of fuel such as charcoal. 我们推荐使用如木炭之类的替代材料。recommend: vt. 推荐，介绍，建议常用短语：recommend sth to sb = recommend sb sth recommend doing sth recommend sb to do sth recommend sb/ sth for / as sth recommend that sb (should) do .eg. This book was recommended to all the students. 这本书被推荐给了所有的学生。 I recommend booking the flight ticket as early as possible.我建议尽早定机票。 He was recommended as the chief editor by his co-workers.他被同事推荐当主编。 He recommended that I (should) buy a new car.他建议我买辆新车。recommendation: n. 建议，推荐eg. He should listen to the doctors recommendation that he (should) stay in bed.他应当听从医生的劝告，卧床休息。11. Unfortunately, if the pump breaks down, the repairing of the pump takes several days, as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it. 不幸的是，如果水泵坏了，由于工程师不得不从最近的城里赶过来修理，因此修理水泵要用好几天的时间。break down: 出故障； 失败；（身体）垮掉；（谈话、通讯）中断; 打倒；分解eg. The telephone system has broken down.电话线路坏了。 They have to stop working because the machine had broken down. 他们不得不停止干活，因为机器又坏了。 Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.双边谈判已经破裂。 Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她的身体在工作的压力下跨掉了。 Firefighters had to bread the door down to save the people inside.消防员不得不打破门救里面的人 After many years, rocks break down into dirt.若干年后，岩石就风化为尘。12. There is not enough money for more than one teacher in a village; farming is the main occupation.村子里没有足够的钱，只能聘请一位老师；农业是主要的产品。occupation: n. C工作，职业，消遣 U 居住，占用，占领，控制 by occupation 职业上eg. Please state your name, address and occupation.请说出你的姓名，地址，和职业。 He regarded stamp-collection as a childish occupation.他把集邮当作一种幼稚的消遣。 In many of the caves theres evidence of human occupation.许多岩洞中都有人类居住的痕迹。 The man is a physician by occupation. 那人的职业是内科医生。occupy: vt 占用，占据，忙着be occupied with/ in = occupy oneself with/ in 从事于正忙着eg. I have been occupied in reading history books.我一直专心读历史书。13. Many of the people have fled to the mountains to escape the floods.许多人都逃到山上以逃避水灾。flee: vt. 逃离某地，逃避某事 flee- fled- fled vi. 逃走，逃散eg. He was caught tying to flee the country.他在企图逃离这个国家时被抓住。 He fled to London after an quarrel with his wife.他在和妻子大吵一架后跑到了伦敦。 This smile fled from her face.微笑从她脸上消失了。拓展：辨析 flee/ escape/ run awayflee强调逃的行为是否逃脱并未说明。escape强调从危险或其他不好的情况中逃离。run away多用于口语，含不辞而别的意思。eg. He escaped (from) being hurt in the accident.他在那场事故中没有受伤。 The enemies fled everywhere.敌人四处逃窜。 He ran away from home at the age of thirteen.他十三岁时离家出走了。. 根据句子意思以及所给中文或首字母提示，写出单词的正确形式。1. My time is _ (宝贵的); I can only spare you a few minutes.2. None of us knows how to _ (操作) this new machine, so wed better ask an expert first.3. At least eight people were killed and dozens more were injured during the _ (冲突) between the two countries.4. I was informed this morning that I was to fly to Birmingham this evening on _ (紧急的)business.5. I did nothing wrong so I have a clear _ (良心)。6. Professor Zhang recommended some _ (参考) materials to me.7. Living in r_ mountain village, they have little contact with the outside world.8. The kind old man r_ me of my grandfather who passed away several years ago.9. It takes a lot of time and l_ to build a railway.10. He listens to the BBC every day with the p_ of improving his listening skills.11. We visited a special family in a _ (多山的)village last week.12. Peter, please introduce the new employee to your _ (同事)。13. They decided to limit their living _(开支), so they could go on holiday.14. Mary wants to find a _ (临时的) job in the summer vacation.15. Food, clothing and shelter are all _ (基本的) demands of life.16. Wood, coal, oil and gas are all different kinds of f_.17. There is only enough spring water to supply the need of the house, so we have to p_ water from the river for farm use.18. That was in 1894, 20 years before the o_ of the First World War.19. It is often less expensive to see a doctor in a c_ than in a hospital.20. They say their findings offer a cheap and easy way of helping patients h_ faster.根据汉语提示，完成句子。21. His uncle _ that he _ _ the most well-known university in the country. (他的叔叔坚持要他上国内的名牌大学。)22. The general gave _ _ that the bridge _ _ _ before 5oclock in the morning.(将军命令必须在凌晨五点前摧毁这座桥。)23. _ it rain tomorrow, we _ _ to put off our visit to the Summer Palace.(万一明天下雨，我们将不得不推迟参观颐和园。)24. In order to write this important report well, I spent the whole afternoon _ _ the materials.(为了写好这份重要的报告，我花了整个下午的时间查阅资料。)25. We should make our children learn to be independent rather than grow up _ _ _ _ their parents.(我们应该让孩子学会独立，而不是一直在家长的保护下成长。).单项选择：26. _ the earth, there are seven other planets in the solar system.A. In additionB. Part fromC. BesideD. In addition to27. Should the present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesome _.A. situationB. environmentC. conditionD. location28. The stadium which was _- the clubs first chairman was built ten years ago.A. in honor ofB. instead ofC. in favor ofD. by means of29. You look anxious for promotion, but are you prepared to _ the extra responsibility?A. take onB. take offC. take overD. take up30.We had to give up our plan for _ money.A. lack inB. a lack in C. lack ofD. lacking of31. After the earthquake had destroyed crops and houses, the farmers in the village were _ food and shelters.A. in great wantB. in need ofC. needed greatD. in need32. -Where are you going to spend your summer holiday? - Ill go _ it is already cool.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. where33. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.A. thatB. oneC. itD. as34. Their father is good at _ bed time stories.A. taking upB. bringing upC. making upD. picking up35. In his letter he _ to the great help he received from the teacher.A. referredB. mentionedC. commentedD. remarked36.When he entered the backyard, the farmer caught a boy _ his apples.A. stealB. to stealC. stoleD. stealing37. Our teacher asked us to complete the exercise without _ a dictionary.A. looking upB. referring toC. consulting inD. dealing with38. he aimed _ a good singer.A. at becomingB. for becomingC. in becomingD. becoming39.There were 21,880 persons for the torch relay of the 2008Olymipic Games, _ it the biggest in the Games his