高中英语 Module 2 Highlights of mey senior Yeargrammar[TY]课件 外研版选修7.ppt

nounclause名词性从句 1 本讲内容 学习名词性从句 2 学习要求 1 掌握名词性从句的种类 2 引导名词性从句的连接词 3 初步学会运用名词性从句 名词性从句 3 学习指导 1 本讲重点 名词性从句的种类 2 本讲难点 名词性从句的语序 4 典型例题解析 名词性从句包括主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句 它的功能相当于名词 引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类 1 主词从句 1 thathewillcomeiscertain 2 whethersheiscomingornotdoesn tmattertoomuch 3 whatsurprisedmemostwastoseesomeofthevillagepeopleseatedonthebenchesattheendoftheroom 4 whichteamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern 5 whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet 当主语从句较长时 多放在句子后部 用it作形式主语 以it作形式主语 把主语从句后置的常用句型有 1 it be 形容词 that从句 itis wascertainthat clauseclearimportantnecessaryprobablepossible 1 itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam 2 itisprobablethathetoldmeeverything 2 it be 名词词组 that从句 itis wasapitythat clauseshameduty 1 itisapitythatwecan tgo 2 itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame 3 it be 过去分词 that从句 itissaidthat clausereportedthoughthopedbelievedknown 1 itissaidthatheisthebeststudentintheclass 2 itisthoughtthatjoedrivesbadly 4 it seem happen appear等不及物动词 that从句 1 itseemsthataliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall 2 ithappenedthatiwasoutthatday 1 thiswaswhattomwasreading 2 thetruthisthatihaveneverbeenthere 3 itlooksasifitisgoingtorain 4 thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathegotuplate 5 thisishowweovercamethedifficulties 6 thatiswhyshewasabsentyesterday 7 thehouseiswhereluxunoncelived 2 表语从句 比较下列两句话 isitbecauseweareclosertothesuninsummerthanweareinwinter thereasonwhyhedidn tcomewasthathewasill 3 宾语从句 1 用作及物动词的宾语 1 theypretendedthattheywerereadingintheroom 2 ididn tknowwhattheyweretalkingabout 3 doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer 4 hecouldn ttellwherehishomewas 5 johnmadetheboysitstill promisingthatnothingwouldhurthim 引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去 特别在口语中是这样 注意 whether和if引导的宾语从句 whether和if引导宾语从句时可以互换使用 但下列情况用whether不用if 1 在whetherornot结构中不可用if代替whetheridon tknowwhetherornothe llcome iwonderwhetheritistrueornot 2 介词后面的宾语从句用whether 不用if everythingdependsonwhetherthesituationwillimprove 后面要讲到介词后面的宾语从句 3 引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用ifwhetherwe llgodependsontheweather thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing 4 whether可用在不定式前 if则不能 pleasetellmewhethertogoornot 2 用作介词的宾语从句 iwaspleasedbywhathetoldme healwayspaysattentiontowhatevertheteachersays hetoldofhowhehelpedtheoldwomantofindhermissingson 注意 介词的宾语从句一般不用which和if来引导 而要分别用what和whether来引导 如 areyousorryforwhatyou vedone everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperience 不可用if which不可以 这类形容词常见的有sure certain glad pleased happy afraid surprised satisfied等 1 iamsureyoulookedbeautifulthatevening 2 wewerenotsurprisedthathereturnedthreedayslaterthanexpected 3 用作某些形容词的宾语从句 3 everyonewasafraidthatsomeonemightfindoutthathecouldseenothing 4 motherwasverypleased that herdaughterhadpassedtheentranceexams 注意 如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语 则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置 如 1 wethoughtitstrangethatxiaowangdidnotcomeyesterday 2 hehasmadeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawistobepunished 这种句型的谓语动词有think make feel find consider 4 同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语 这些名词常见的有 fact news hope truth idea suggestion thought question order problem belief doubt fear等 引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether what why how 等 1 theyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcomeovertovisitchinaagain 2 weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesroundthesun 3 thefactthatshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus 4 theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing 5 theyproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided 注意 同位语从句和定语从句的区别是 前者说明名词的内容 后者说明名词的性质特征 前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分 后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分 试比较 heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst 同位语从句 thesuggestionthathehadputforwardwasturndown 定语从句 以上是名词性从句例题解析 下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳 1 语序在名词性从句中 从句一律使用陈述语序 特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句 what who which when where now why等 不可用特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序 如 1 iwonderwhosheis 2 thequestioniswhenwe llcompletetheworks 3 whethersheiscomingornotdoesn tmattertoomuch 2 时态 学习名词性从句时 除了要注意从句的引导词 语序等外 还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系 1 在宾语从句中 当主句是一般现在时 宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态 如 marysaysthat tomisn tlazy tomisdoingwellinhislesson shewillasktomsomequestions tommayfallbehindtheothers shemissedusverymuch shewaswritingaletter shewouldvisitthegreatwall shesaidthat 如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时 则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态 如 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理 其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时 如 1 theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound 2 theoldmansaidthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest 2 在主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句中 也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性 关键要注意动作发生的先后关系 如 1 whowillbesentabroadhasnotbeendecided 主句是现在完成时 从句是一般将来时 2 theearthoftodayisnotwhatitwasmillionsofyearsago 主句是一般现在时 从句是一般过去时 在动词think believe expect suppose guess等后带that宾语从句时 若从句是否定句 常将否定词not转移到主句中 如 3 宾语从句的否定转移 idon tthink that itwillbecoldtoday wedon tthinkyoucandoit canyou 注意 这类句子后若带有附加疑问句 应采用肯定形式来后问 后问部分应于从句主语一致 idon tbelievesheknowit doesshe 4 几组易混引导词的区别 1 what与that在句词性从句中 what和that都可作关连词 其区别在于 what在从句中要充当某个成分 主语 宾语或表语等 因此在任何情况下都不能省略 表示 什么 所 的事 物 话 相当于thethingthat或which that本身没有词汇意义 在名词从句中不充当任何成分 在口语和非正式文体中 宾语从句中的that经常省略 如 1 whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtoothers 2 whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery 3 ithink that youwilllikethestamps 2 whether与ifwhether与if在前面已经说过 3 because与whybecause与why均可引导表语从句 但含义不同 because引导的表语从句说明理由 而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结 如 1 ithinkit sbecauseyou redoingtoomuch 2 hewasill thatiswhyhewaslateforschool 3 thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill 1 myhometownisnolonger itusedtobe 练习题 a thatb whatc whend which b 2 theywonder theirsonwasgettingalongwithhisstudy a whetherb thatc whatd how d 3 heislivingnowisnotknowntoanybody a whenb ifc whetherd why c 4 wordcame iwasinvitedtoattendthemeeting a whichb whenc whered that d 5 thefact wewereinterestedin allofthem a that wassurprisedb which surprisedc what wassurprisedd when surprised b 6 thescientistwhogaveusatalkwillgoabroad a itsaidthatb itsayswhenc itissaidthatd heissaid c 7 hetoldme there c a thathasbeenhappenedb thathappenedc whathadhappenedd whathadbeenhappened 8 ican tunderstandis hechangedhismind b a that thatb what whyc which howd that why b 9 hisbrotheris a a whatdoyousupposeb whatyousupposec whatdoyousupposethatd yousupposethat 10 thereason hedidn tcometoschoolyesterdayis hehadtolookafterhissickmotherathome a that becauseb why forc for thatd why that d 11 weallknowthetruth theearth roundthesun a if movedb that movesc why moved whether move b 12 hesaidatthemeetingisveryimportanttous a thatb whatc whichd whether b 13 thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsve