目的论视角下杨宪益翻译策略与翻译方法研究—《红楼梦.doc

密级： 8 分类号 密级 UDC 密级： 硕士学位论文目的论视角下杨宪益和戴乃迭翻译策略与翻译方法研究以红楼梦为例作 者 姓 名： 周 静 学科、专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 学 号：212009050211034 指 导 教 师： 陈 达 完 成 日 期： 2012年4月 Classified Index: UDC: Xihua UniversityMaster Degree DissertationThe Analysis of the Yangs Translation Strategies and Methods from the Perspective of Skopos TheoryTaking A Dream of Red Mansions as an ExampleCandidate : Zhou JingMajor : Foreign Linguistics and Applied LinguisticsStudent ID: 212009050211034Supervisor: Prof. Chen DaApril，2012西华大学学位论文独创性声明作者郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用内容和致谢的地方外，本论文不包含其他个人或集体已经发表的研究成果，也不包含其他已申请学位或其他用途使用过的成果。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的贡献均已在论文中做了明确的说明并表示了谢意。若有不实之处，本人愿意承担相关法律责任。学位论文作者签名： 指导教师签名：日期： 日期西华大学学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，在校攻读学位期间论文工作的知识产权属于西华大学，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅，西华大学可以将本论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复印手段保存和汇编本学位论文。(保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定)学位论文作者签名： 指导教师签名：日期： 日期：西华大学硕士学位论文摘 要作为中国四大古典名著之一的红楼梦因其独特的历史和文化价值一直在世界文学界享有盛誉。杨宪益，中国著名的翻译家，由他和夫人共同翻译的红楼梦英译本自1978年问世以来，受到了很多读者的好评。本文通过红楼梦译文,从“目的论”角度研究杨宪益及其夫人的翻译策略和翻译方法。德国功能翻译理论自上个世纪诞生以来得到了长足的发展，这一理论为翻译研究开辟了一个新的视角。“目的论”作为功能翻译理论的核心更加关注翻译的目的和翻译的受众，它强调翻译目的决定翻译方法。它的三大核心原则“目的原则”，“忠实原则”和“连贯原则”能有效地指导翻译行为。“目的原则”强调关注文本翻译的目的，只有明确了翻译目的，翻译方法和策略才能够确定。在翻译过程中，翻译人员应该在尊重原文的基础上采用适当的翻译方法和策略来保证目的语的连贯和流畅。本文正文分为五个章节，在第一章引言部分介绍论文写作的起因,目的，篇章结构和意义。接着在第二章文献综述部分，首先简要介绍德国功能翻译理论的研究概况，包括功能主义起源，发展历程，代表人物，基本理论，国内外发展情况。然后介绍“目的论”的发展情况，提出背景，三条原则-目的原则，忠实原则和连贯原则和“目的论”在文学翻译中的应用。 “目的论”强调翻译目的决定翻译方法，译者作为翻译行为的主要参与者，可以根据不同的翻译目的采取合适翻译方法来完成翻译行为。接下来在第三章里介绍翻译家杨宪益、戴乃迭以及他们的译著红楼梦。第四章从研究杨宪益及夫人的翻译方法与翻译策略角度探讨“目的论”三原则的实现。研究发现：与传统的翻译理论不同，在目的论指导下的翻译行为和翻译理论是有目的的行为。译者可以根据读者群的不同，采取相应不同的翻译原则和手段。最后第五章是结尾段，重点阐述和总结翻译过程中“目的论”的重要指导意义。关键词: 目的论；杨宪益；翻译策略与方法; 红楼梦AbstractA Dream of Red Mansions, as one of four Chinese masterpieces, is well-known all over the world for its unique historical and cultural values. Yang Hsien-Yi and his wife Gladys Yangs translation of A Dream of Red Mansions is quite popular. This thesis takes A Dream of Red Mansions as an example to study the Yangs translation strategies and methods from the perspective of Skopos Theory. Since its birth in last century, Functionalist Translation Theory has obtained considerable development. It opens up a new perspective to study translation and presents a fresh theory to the translation development. As the core of German Functionalist translation theory, Skopos Theory pays more attention to the purpose of translation and addressees and it stresses the ends justify the means in translation. Its three rules: skopos rule, fidelity rule, coherence rule can effectively guide the translation practices. Skopos rule emphasizes the attention to the translation skopos(purpose), when translation skopos is clear, the following translation strategies and methods can be used into translation. Fidelity rule stresses that the translator should be faithful to the source-text and author, and coherence rule emphasizes that the target-text should be interpretable to the target-readers. This thesis contains five chapters, and the first chapter introduces the thesiss writing background, motivation, significance and structure. The second chapter is the literature review, it give German functionalist translation theory a general review, including it is origin, development stages, representatives, basic theory and development abroad and at home. The third chapter introduces Yang Hsien-Yi and Gladys Yang and A Dream of Red Mansions. In chapter four, this thesis starts to study the Yangs translation strategies and methods from the perspective of Skopos theory. The three rules of Skopos Theory can be realized by the Yangs translation strategies and methods respectively. The fifth chapter is the conclusion part, different from some former translation theory, the translation act guided by Skopos Theory is a purposeful act and Skopos Theory can guide the translation act well. Key Words：Skopos Theory; Yang-Hsien-Yi; Translation Strategies and Methods；A Dream of Red Mansions i Contents摘 要iAbstractii目 录iiiContents vChapter One Introduction11.1 Research background11.2 Motivation of the research21.3 Significance of the research31.4 Structure of the study4Chapter Two Literature review52.1 German functionalist translation theory abroad52.1.1 Research background52.1.2 Development stages52.2 German functionalist translation theory at home72.3 Skopos Theory82.3.1 Three rules of Skopos theory Skopos rule Fidelity rule Coherence rule112.3.2 Summary112.4 The Application of Skopos theory to the literature translation12Chapter Three The Yangs translation style and A Dream of Red Mansions143.1 Introduction to Yang Hsien-Yi and Gladys Yang143.2 Introduction to the features of the Yangs translation153.2.1 Rigorous style of translation153.2.2 Conservative style of translation173.2.3 Research-based style of translation183.3 General review of A Dream of Red Mansions193.4 Two main English versions of A Dream of Red Mansions20Chapter Four The analysis of The Yangs translation strategies and methods from the perspective of Skopos Theory.214.1 Purpose(Skopos) of translation of A Dream of Red Mansions21 4.1.1 For cultural continuity234.1.2 For cultural study244.1.3 For cultural transmission254.2 Loyalty rule achieved by the Yangs translation methods264.2.1 Loyalty rule achieved by omission264.2.2 Loyalty rule achieved by addition2 Rhetoric addition29 Semantic and grammatical addition3 Notation of addition344.2.3 Loyalty rule achieved by foreignization and domestication364.2.4 Loyalty rule achieved by transfer384.2.5 Loyalty rule achieved by free and literal translation404.3 Coherence rule achieved by the Yangs translation strategies414.4 The Yangs translation strategies and methods to translate some key words in A Dream of Red Mansions434.4.1 The Yangs translation of the title of A Dream of Red Mansions444.4.2 The Yangstranslation of color454.4.3 The Yangs translation of culture-loaded words474.5 Summary50Chapter Five Conclusion52Bibliography54攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文及科研成果56Acknowledgements57 v 西华大学硕士学位论文Chapter One Introduction1.1 Research background In China there is a long history of studying Chinese literature and Buddhism translation especially the study of Chinese ancient four classical masterpieces translation, including A Dream of Red mansions, Water Margins, Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Buddhism translation. The study of A Dream of Red Mansions dated back to Qing Dynasty, and it began to get blooming in the modern and contemporary age. A Dream of Red Mansions, famous for its historical and cultural values, has been recognized by the literature world both in China and abroad. What is more, it was translated into many languages and was spread into many countries. As for Buddhism translation, professor Chen Da in his thesis stated that: “Buddhism translation has greatly promoted the transmission of Buddhism, which influences greatly on the Chinese history, politic, religion, philosophy and culture，at the same time it sets a good base for translation theory development”(Chen Da: 2011) The present study of A Dream of Red Mansions ranges almost all fields of life, such as the study of characters in this novel, interior characters relationship, social study, poetry study, architecture study, title study, food, drinking study and apparel study. In academic field the study mainly refers to the study of translation methods, kinship terms translation, nonce-words translation and poetry translation. Every year there is a big amount of books being published about A Dream of Red Mansions, and there a plenty of meetings being held to talk about the study of this novel, and in addition to this, there are also plenty of speeches and theses about it. By all these cultural campaigns, the study of A Dream of Red Mansions now comes to its most splendid time. A Dream of Red Mansions is a Chinese classical literature works. Many experts and scholars when coming to China they might be recommended to read this novel. Thus by their work and propagandas, the study of A Dream of Red Mansions draws quite a lot attention abroad. Many foreign scholars and oversea students come to China for Chinese study and these scholars and students have become messengers when they go back their own country. The passion of learning A Dream of Red Mansions in China and abroad is getting stronger and stronger, for learning Chinese literature is a good way to learn about China and Chinese culture. These literature learners are like bridges connecting both China and abroad. On 14th-15th oct.2011, an international seminar was held in a university of Chengdu, under the cross-culture context, experts from over 50 countries made plenty effective discussions. Among these discussions, words choosing problems in translation were put forward such as: can “袭人”be translated as attacking man or good smell? Can “贾雨村” be translated as the raining farm? The answer is absolutely no. All these mistranslation are caused by not really understanding Chinese culture(LiLiu,2011:06). We can see from the above example that translation plays an important role in making outside world know about Chinese culture. A good and effective translation can help to develop Chinese literature, thus Chinese government has put great emphasis on cultural communication, especially the communication with foreign countries. There are few English versions of A Dream in Red Mansions, one is translated by David Hawes, the other by Yang Hsien-Yi and his wife Gladys Yang(the Yangs), published Foreign Languages Press Peking in 1978. This paper centers the Yangs version of A Dream of Red Mansions (1978), aiming at exploring the Yangs translation strategies and methods in the light of Skopos Theory. H.J. Vermeer, one of representatives of German Functionalist translation theory broke the limit of Nidas Functional Equivalence Theory, formally put forward Skopos Theory. Functionalists insisted that translation is a communicative act, the purpose of translation determines the whole translation process, i.e. “the end justifies the means” (Nord, 2001:124). The Skopos theory has changed the past unified malpractice, enriched the theory of translation. The background of this paper is just based on the guidance of Skopos Theory to the translation practice and translation theory.1.2 Motivation of the research In modern society, high-tech brings convenience to the people at the same time cultivates peoples sluggishness. Younger generation are not willing to do careful reading, let alone reading the thick novel like A Dream of Red Mansions carefully, instead most people download the e-books from internet, just because this way of reading is easy to get and save money and time. But the reality is no ones sure about the quality of the online-articles. Obviously, this paper here is not to criticize or judge the modern science and technology, but to express the original intention to encourage the public to form a good habit of reading. The first motivation of this thesis is to study the Yangs translation strategies and method in the light of Skopos Theory. The Yangs translation of A Dream of Red Mansions has been recognized as one of the most classic translations, and it is considered as a good studying and researching materials. By studying the way of using translation strategies and methods, new translators can gain a deep understanding of translation, and they can learn about how to do a good translation. What is more, this paper analyses the Yangs translation strategies and methods in the light of Skopos Theory. The Yangs translation is a good combination of translation strategies and methods and Skopos Theory. It will attract more people to pay attention to the Skopos Theorys guidance to translation. The second motivation of writing this thesis is to enhance cultural connotations. By reading classics, people can have a better understanding of their own nation, and further to increase their national pride. Because only after people have the passion to express and advertise their country, their country will develop.1.3 significance of the researchA Dream of Red Mansions statuses the utmost position in the history of Chinese literature and it shows to us a unique description of ancient Chinese culture. Its the essence of traditional culture, which has become a window connected both China and abroad, the spirit of the bridge and cultural emissary who advertises China to the foreign readers.Professor Cao Shunqing(曹顺庆), vice-chairman of Chinese Comparative Literature Association said: The study of Chinese comparative literature is a long-term issue, which is of great significance and related to the Chinese and world communication. A Dream of Red Mansions, the Pearl on the crown of Chinese literature, has high culture, art and aesthetic value. In order to make a further study of A Dream of Red Mansions，it calls for cooperation of multiple scholars with united strength. (LiuTian:2011)For different cultural backgrounds, the translation of A Dream of Red Mansions met many problems: some translations are far from satisfaction, some are misinterpretations. Thus in order to avoid these wrong translations, a good study of Chinese culture is needed Thus the significance of the research lies in promoting translation development in theory. By studying famous translators works, hopefully more translation will come out. It will make the world know real China and real Chinese culture.重试抱歉，系统响应超时，请稍后再试支持中英、中日在线互译 支持网页翻译，在输入框输入网页地址即可 提供一键清空、复制功能、支持双语对照查看，使您体验更加流畅1.4 Structure of the studyThe first chapter introduces research origins, purposes, discourse structure and meaning of this paper and the second chapter introduces German Functionalist translation theory, including its development stages, representatives and Skopos Theory. As its central theory, Skopos Theory has a deep influence to other translation theories. So the second part discusses its background, development situation, features and its application in literary translation. This chapter aims at deepening the understanding of Skopos Theory which emphasizes the translator as the main participant in translation behavior, so translators can take corresponding expressions to complete the translation behavior according to the translation purpose. The third chapter introduces Yang Hisen-Yi and Gladys Yang, translators of A Dream of Red Mansions and then summarizes the Yangs translation works, translation style, and their contribution to the Chinese literature translation. When it comes to the fourth chapter, the Yangs translation strategies and methods is studied. This chapter starts from the combination of Skopos rule, fidelity rule and coherence rule with the Yangs translation strategies and methods respectively. Study has found that: compared with the traditional translation theory, the translation theories and behaviors under the guidance of Skopos Theory are different from those of ordinary theories. Translators can adopt different translation strategies and methods according to the translation purposes. The fifth chapter is the conclusion.Chapter two Literature ReviewThe purpose of writing this chapter is to set a base for the core theory of Functionalist Translation TheorySkopos Theory. Skopos theory treats translation as an activity with special purposes. The function of translation is to realize the purpose of translation. The strategies chosen in translation depend on the purpose of the target-text. After few decades of research, Functionalist Translation Theory has become a systematic theory, which is obvious a great help in studying and dealing with translation activities. 2.1 German functionalist translation theory abroad German functionalist Translation Theory is a great impact on the traditional translation theories especially to Eugene Nidas Functional Equivalence theory, which played a dominant role in a long term of translation development. Nowadays Functionalist Translation Theory has become a main role in guiding current translation studies and practices. Skopos Theory as the core theory of Functionalist Translation Theory has been and being applied in many theses and researches, so it is not a just one-day theory, it is a theory which could be examined by practice.2.1.1 Research background In the 1950s, western translation theory basically was simultaneous with development of linguistics. Translation theorists tended to do translation from the perspective of linguistics. In the 1960s-70s, Eugene ANida s “Equivalence Translation Theory”was prevalent in translation world. Different from “Equivalence Translation Theory”, German Functionalist Translation Theory broke the previous text-centered translation studies and enables translators to pay more attention to the target-texts and the addressees, and also pay more attention to the social effects and communicative function. With a new perspective to examine the translation activities, the German Functionalist Translation Theory gets rid of the prevailing equivalence-based translation theory and broadened the field of translation study, so it gives more meaning in translation. 赞同2.1.2 Development stages German Functionalist Translation Theor