[毕业设计精品]基于nrf24e1无线耳机的设计

a1a0I第1章绪论.21.1课题的研究目的和意义.21.2短距离无线通信技术的现状与发展趋势.31.3关于2.4GHZ频段的历史背景、应用前景及发展现状.51.4本课题要注意的主要问题.5第2章系统方案的总体设计.82.1系统方案构想与确定.82.2器件的选择.12第3章系统各部分硬件的设计.143.1系统的总体设计.143.2无线耳机NRF24E1核心电路.143.2.1nRF24E1简介.153.2.2芯片引脚功能以及结构.153.2.3nRF24E1收发器子系统（nRF2401）.193.2.4模数/数模转换器及电压基准源.303.2.5电源管理模块.303.2.6GPIO通用输入/输出.303.2.7外部存储器.313.3麦克风输入电路和扬声器输出电路.323.4天线的设计及其与NRF24E1的接口电路.343.5PCB板的设计.37第4章系统的软件设计.404.1主程序设计.424.2接收子程序模块.424.3发送子程序模块.444.4中断子程序模块.45第5章应用系统的调试.465.1硬件的调试.465.2软件的调试.465.3系统联调.465.4现场调试.46KC021-1a3a2a4a5a6a7a8结论.48致谢.50参g13783g7003g10498.52g19480g5417.53g3a101a11a12a91前言短距离的无线通信技术g3324无线通信系统的g4466现中g6210g9448g11540g18337要的g16294g14406g452短距离无线通信的方g5347g7389g1016g12193g726g13430外IrDA(InfraRedDataAssociation)和无线g4568频技术(RadioFrequency)g452g11013于g13430外方g2533g5627g5390、距离短g712g13792g1000g993能g7389g17986g6389g10301g712g6164以g5468g19602g6524g5203应用g452g4568频技术g3252g1038功g13803g1314和无方g2533g5627g12573g1260g9869g13792g2475g2052g19750g11556g452目前g1002g11040g990g8981g15904的g15025g10285技术（Bluetooth）g7171g980g12193g5332g6930g5627短距离无线通信技术g7643准g712g4439g4613g7171g980g12193无线g4568频技术g452g1306g7171g712与g7234通的g4568频技术g11468g8616g712g15025g10285技术g5468g19602g9397g17287g5567g17907g5332发和g1314g6116本的要g8726g452g20330g1820g712g15025g10285技术g3809g7446g5242g20652g452g3252g1038g15025g10285的g1268输g18339g17751g3835g712g5460g5460g1972g11346Kbps,g13792g7234通g4568频技术的g1268输g18339g3324100Kbps以g1881g452g3252g8504g15025g10285硬件设计、软件及其g2339g16770g13546程g993g1306g3809g7446g13792g1000g7126g17161g452g13792g1000g712g15025g10285g6116本g20652g712g2494g7389g3835g6221g18339g7114g6177g7389g2499能g19489g10385g13666g1815/片g727g13792无线g4568频芯片g980g14336g33243g13666g1815以g991g452g3252g8504g7234通无线g4568频g2499g4466用、g13475g8994g3332g4466现无线通信g452g15025g10285g5468g4581g7389g4466用的g1375子g712g980g14336g2494g3822g16277于g6175机和PCg1055g19400的通信g712g13792g7588g1135无线g4568频芯片g5062g13475g5203g8879g6249入g1114g4466用g712g3926g8785g17722的g4445g1852系统、无线g17535g1233识别卡、无线抄表、饭店中的无线g1268感器、无线鼠g7643、机器宠g10301、遥控器、键盘g12573g452g4439们具g7389g1314g6116本、g1314功g13803、能够g5567g17907g5332发应用的特g9869g712来g4466现设备的无线连接g452本课题研究g5332发的无线耳机g712g2499以应用g3324许g3822方面g712g8616g3926g6175机g990用无线耳机接听g6175机电话g712省却g1114耳机电线g712同g7114免除g1114存g3324争g16770的g6175机辐g4568问题g452还g2499以用于智能系统中的无线通信g712g8616g3926近g1972年盛g15904的g17287球机器人g8616赛g712机器人g1055g19400g1038g1114配合g13792互g11468通信以及主机g1038g1114作g1852局指挥与机器人g1055g19400的通信g4613需要无线耳机g452g6164以我们g11468信无线耳机g7171g7389g5468宽g5203的市场前景的g452g3本论g7003g20330g1820介绍g1114无线通信技术的现状与发展趋势g712并对2.4GHz频段的历史背景进g15904g1114探讨g452接g991来分别对该系统的硬件设计和软件设计进g15904g1114详细介绍g712最后给出g1114代码g452焊接g1114PCB板g712并测试g1114系统g5627能g452a14a13a15a16a17a18a19a20a21a22a15a23a16a17a24a25a26a18a27a28a29第1章绪论1.1课题的研究目的和意义崇尚自g11013的人类都会g7389g2533g5460自g11013、并g1000追g8726自g11013的潜g3324天g5627g712g13666国的山姆g3835叔把“自g11013女神”当作g4439们国家的象征g712无数英雄儿女前赴后继g4613g7171g1038g1114“自g11013”这g1016个字g452人类g1038g1114自g11013g993断追g8726g11540摆脱空g19400或者g7114g19400的束缚和局限g452对于处于社会中人类个体或者群体来说g712交g8981g4613g7171作g1038主体的g15904g1038g712g1306g7171g3324遥远的过去g712g11013于g7114g19400空g19400的限制g712g5468g19602进g15904远距离的信息交换g452给当g7114人类的社会g15904g1038造g6116g5468g3835的g993便g452追g8726自g11013的人们g1038g8504进g15904g1114g993懈的努力g452自g11013的理念体现g1114g3324人类的设计天赋中g712从最初单调的信件联络g2052后来的电报g712g2052后来的g7389线语音电话g712无g980g993渗g17891g11540人们g9224g7407摆脱g4470g16278限制g6164作的努力g712这个历程g7186g9994g8821g7389结束g712通信电g13530g9188g9188g3332g6116g1038g1114人们心中的g13470脚g11719g712g7389g8821g7389能够g2474代g18039g1135g1899g19283的电g13530的技术g2614g731g13475过g1972g2325年的探g13046和努力g712电报从g7389线g2052无线g712电话从g7389线g2052无线g712g13605络从g7389线g2052无线g452g3926g1182g712g980g5364人们g6563g11023g5062g1049的g15025g3282g5062g13475g3324面前展g12046g726遥远g19475g4584g2341g7043的g12395景,g1235g1327g4613g3324g11536前,g1332的声音g19555电g8886信g2507g12371g17246g3835g8927,无论g1321g3332都能g16314及g2052天g9091g980g16294的g11705g5061,这g4613g7171无线通信给我们g5114来的g5790g2928g452短距离的无线通信技术g3324无线通信系统的g4466现中g6210g9448g11540g18337要的g16294g14406g452短距离无线通信的方g5347g7389g1016g12193g726g13430外IrDA(InfraRedDataAssociation)和无线g4568频技术(RadioFrequency)g452g11013于g13430外方g2533g5627g5390、距离短g712g13792g1000g993能g7389g17986g6389g10301g712g6164以g5468g19602g6524g5203应用g452g4568频技术g3252g1038功g13803g1314和无方g2533g5627g12573g1260g9869g13792g2475g2052g19750g11556g452目前g1002g11040g990g8981g15904的g15025g10285技术（Bluetooth）g7171g980g12193g5332g6930g5627短距离无线通信技术g7643准g712g4439g4613g7171g980g12193无线g4568频技术g452g1306g7171g712与g7234通的g4568频技术g11468g8616g712g15025g10285技术g5468g19602g9397g17287g5567g17907g5332发和g1314g6116本的要g8726g452g20330g1820g712g15025g10285技术g3809g7446g5242g20652g452g3252g1038g15025g10285的g1268输g18339g17751g3835g712g5460g5460g1972g11346Kbps,g13792g7234通g4568频技术的g1268输g18339g3324100Kbps以g1881g452g3252g8504g15025g10285硬件设计、软件及其g2339g16770g13546程g993g1306g3809g7446g13792g1000g7126g17161g452g13792g1000g712g15025g10285g6116本g20652g15025g10285g6116本g20652g712g15025g10285g2494g7389g3835g6221g18339g7114g6177g7389g2499能g19489g10385g13666g1815/片g727g13792无线g4568频芯片g980g14336g33243g13666g1815以g991g452g3252g8504g7234通无线g4568频g2499g4466用、g13475g8994g3332g4466现无线通信g452g15025g10285g5468g4581g7389g4466用的g1375子g712g980g14336g2494g3822g16277于g6175机和PCg1055g19400的通信g712g13792g7588g1135无线g4568频芯片g5062g13475g5203g8879g6249入g1114g4466用g712g3926g8785g17722的g4445g1852系统、无线g17535g1233识别卡、无线抄表、饭店中的无线g1268感器、无线鼠g7643、机器宠g10301、遥控器、键盘g12573g452g4439们具g7389g1314g6116本、g1314功g13803、能够g5567g17907g5332发应用的特g9869g712来g4466现设备的无线连接g452本课题研究g5332发的无线耳机g712g2499以应用g3324许g3822方面g712g8616g3926g6175机g990用无线耳机接听g6175机电话g712省却g1114耳机电线g712同g7114免除g1114存g3324争g16770的g6175机辐g4568问题g452还g2499以用于智能系统中的无线通信g712g8616g3926近g1972年盛g15904的g17287球机器人g8616赛g712g1038g1114g1363机器人g1055g19400进g15904通信以g5430g6116配合g712g1363主机与机器人g1055g19400进g15904通信以便于g4466g7114指挥g712无线耳机无g11109g6564g1391g1114g14403g3921的通信g17896g5464g452g6164以我们g11468信无线耳机g7171g7389g5468宽g5203的市场前景的g452a301a31a32a3331.2短距离无线通信技术的现状与发展趋势g19555g11540g12239g2172通信需g8726和远程数g6466g18331g19610g18339的g3698g2164g712g2164g1055g7389线g1268输的g17165用g7097g11422g3698g19283g712人们g8503g17892g9188g16760识g2052g3324许g3822g7828测g20058g3507g18331用无线g1268输的g5529要g5627g452g3324过去的g1972年中g712无线通g16771g20058g3507g2474g5483g1114g5468g3835的进展g712这其中g2265g6336数字电路和g4568频电路制作g5049g14414的进g8505、g1314功g13803电路、g20652能电g8756以及g5506电子技术的g18331用g452以g990g16844g3822方面的发展g1363g12239g2172通信设备g7368g2164g9801g5051、g13475g8994、g2499g19764g452与g990g17860技术g980g7691g712数字通信技术和数字调制技术的发展g1075发挥g1114g5468g3835的作用g712g1194们g1363无线通信g13605络g2533g7368g2164g13475g8994、g7368g2164g4493g7143g6817作的方g2533发展g452g6164以g3926g7536我们能够g5468g3921g3332g1114g16311无线通信的基本g2419g2029以及这g1135技术的特g9869g712g4613能g7368g3921g3332理g16311并g4448g6116g1268感数g6466的无线g18331g19610g452无线数g6466通信技术g2499分g1038g1016g3835类g726g980g7171基于g15574g12401的接入技术g712g3926g15574g12401数字分g13464数g6466(CDPD)g712通用分g13464无线g1268输技术(GPRS)、EDGEg12573g452g1120g7171基于局g3507g13605的技术g712g3926IEEE802.11WLAN、Bluetooth、IrDA、Home-RF、g5506功g10587短距离无线通信技术g12573g452与目前g5062g13475具备g11468当g16280模的无线g19283距离通信g13605络(g3926g15574g12401g12239g2172通信g13605)g11468g8616g712短距离无线通信系统g3324基本结构、g7393g2165g14551g3272、应用g4630g8437及通信g1006g2165(数g6466、话音)g990g712g3355g7389g5468g3835的g993同g4521g714g13430外通信技术（IrDA）a34a35a36a37a38g13430外通信技术IrDA(InfraRedDataAssociation)g18331用人g11536g11487g993g2052的g13430外线g1268输信息g712g7171g1363用最g5203g8879的短距离无线通信技术g452g4439g2045用g13430外线的通断表g12046计g12651机中的0-1g17935g17765g712通g5132g7389g6940作用g2334g54642g12871g712g1268统g17907g5242g2499达4Mbit/sg7121995年IrDA将通信g17907g10587扩展g2052的g20652达16Mbit/sg712g13430外技术g18331用g9869g2052g9869的连接方g5347g712发g4568、接收具g7389方g2533g5627g712具g7389体积小、功g13803g1314、连接方便、简单g7143用、数g6466g1268输干扰g4581、g17907g5242g5567、保密g5627g5390、g6116本g1314廉的特g9869g452g3252g8504g5203g8879应用于各g12193遥控器g712笔记本电脑g712PDA(个人数字助g6175)g712g12239g2172电话g12573g12239g2172设备g452g1306g13430外技术g2494g7171g980g12193视距g1268输技术g712g7389g6940距离近g712发g4568g16294g5242g17751小g712g980g14336g993超过20g5242g712g1016台g11468互通信的设备g1055g19400g5529须对准g712g13792g1000g1268输数g6466g7114g1016台设备g1055g19400g993能g7389阻g6389g10301g712g2494能限于g1016台设备通信g712无法g9801活构g6116g13605络g712g1000无法用于边g12239g2172边g1363用的设备g712另外g712IrDA设备中的核心部件LEDg7143磨损g4522g714g15025g10285技术（Bluetooth）a34a39a38g15025g10285技术g1363用g1852球统g980g5332g6930的2.4GHz的ISM频段g712g18331用跳频扩频FHSS技术g4466现设备g1055g19400的无线互连g712g7389g12371g17891能力g712能够g1852方位g1268送g712主要面对g13605络中各g12193数g6466和语音设备g712通过无线方g5347将g4439们连g6116g980个g5506g5506g13605(Piconet)g452g3822个g5506g5506g13605g1055g19400g1075g2499以g5430g6116分布g5347g13605络(Scatternet)g712从g13792方便g712g5567g17907的g4466现各类设备g1055g19400的通信g452g15025g10285技术作g1038g980g12193新兴的技术g712主要具g7389以g991特g9869:g16280g14551的g5332g6930g5627、产品的互g6817作g5627及兼g4493g5627、公用通信频段以及g6564g1391g3835g4493g18339的语音和数g6466g13605络g452g15025g10285技术目前g2494g7171g980g12193g15904g1006联盟制定的短距离无线通信g16280g14551g4523g714IEEE802.11b（Wi-Fi）a34a35a38IEEE802.11b技术g7643准g7171无线局g3507g13605的国际g7643准g712g1363用2.4GHz的ISM频段g712g18331a40a41a42a43a44a45a46a47a48a49a42a50a43a44a51a52a53a45a54a55a56用直接序列扩频DSSS技术进g15904调制g16311调g3698g5390g1114抗干扰能力g712g6564g20652g1114g1268输g17907g5242g452802.11b无线g13605络的最g3835g1260g9869g7171兼g4493g5627g712g2494要g3324g2419g7389g13605络g990装g990AP(AccessPoint)g712g4613g2499以g6564g1391无线g13605络g7393g2165g712终端设备g2494要装g990无线g13605卡g712g4613g2499以访问g6164g7389g13605络资源g712象g1363用g7389线局g3507g13605g980g7691方便g712却免除g1114布线的麻烦g452802.11b具g7389g7389线g12573价保密机制WEP(WiredEquivalentPrivacy)确保数g6466g4445g1852g452以其具g7389g12371g17891能力g712g1852方位g1268送g712建g13605g17907g5242g5567g712g2499用来g13464建g3835型无线g13605络g712运营g6116本g1314g712g6249资回报g5567g12573特g9869g712g8503g17892g9188g2475g2052电信制造商和运营商的g19750g11556g712目前g8504g12193设备还g8616g17751g7126g17161g712妨碍g1114其g6524g5203和应用g452g7368g3822新的Wi-Fig7643准g8503g3324制定g1055中g452g17907g5242g7368g5567的802.11gg1363用与802.11bg11468同的g8503交频分g3822路g3809用（OFDM）调制技术g712同g7691g5049作g33242.4GHz频段g712g17907g10587达54Mbit/sg712g8616目前通用的802.11bg5567g11145倍g712并g1000g4448g1852g2533后兼g4493802.11bg712802.11g将g7389g2499能被g3835g3822数无线g13605络产品制造商选择作g1038产品g7643准g712g13792g991g980代的Wi-Fig7643准802.11ng2499g7407达g2052100Mbit/sg4524g714g5506功g10587短距离无线通信技术a34a35a38近年来g712g19555g11540g3835g16280模g19610g6116电路技术的发展g712短距离无线通信系统的g3835部分功能都g2499以g19610g6116g2052g980块芯片g1881部g712g980g14336g1363用单片数字信g2507g4568频收发芯片g712g2164g990g5506控制器和g4581g18339外g3272器件构g6116专用或通用无线通信模块g712g6164g7389g20652频g1815件g2265g6336电感、振荡器g12573g5062g13475g1852部g19610g6116g3324芯片g1881部g712g980致g5627g14403g3921g712g5627能稳定g1000g993g2475外g11040影响g452g4568频芯片g980g14336g18331用FSK调制方g5347g712g5049作于ISM频段g712通信模块g980g14336g2265含简单g17891明的数g6466g1268输g2339g16770或g1363用简单的g2164密g2339g16770g712发g4568功g10587、g5049作频g10587g12573g6164g7389g5049作参数g1852部通过软件设置g4448g6116g712用户g993用对无线通信g2419理和g5049作机制g7389g17751深的g1114g16311g712g2494要依g6466命令字进g15904g6817作即g2499g4466现基本的数g6466无线g1268输功能g452新g980代短距离无线数g6466通信系统具g7389体积小、功g13803g1314、稳定g5627g3921、抗干扰能力g5390g12573g1260g9869g712g13792g1000g5332发简单g5567g17907g712g2499以方便g3332嵌入g2052各g12193设备中g712g4466现设备g19400的无线连接g712g3252g8504g712g17751适合搭建小型g13605络g712g3324g5049g1006、民用g20058g3507g5483g2052g17751g1038g5203g8879的应用g452当g1182g712g1852球无线通信产g1006主要体现出g1016个特g9869g726g980g7171公众g12239g2172通信保持g3698g19283态势g5390劲g712g1306g1075存g3324发展g993g3355衡的现象g452具统计g7122003年g1852球g12239g2172用户数g3698g19283g10587g332417以g990g712g3324市场值方面g712g8616g990年g3698g19283g111411.3以g990g452尽管g1852球g12239g2172市场g3324g3698g19283g712g1306这g12193g3698g19283g1075呈现出g5468g3835的g993g3355衡g5627g452从用户数来g11487g712g3324北g13666、欧洲g12573发达国家和g3332区g712g11013于g12239g2172用户g7234及g10587g5062g13475g5468g20652g712g3252g8504新g3698用户数g7097g11422减g4581g727g13792g3324亚洲、非洲g12573g3332区g12239g2172用户数g3698g19283迅猛g452从用户创造的价值来g11487g712欧g13666发达国家的ARPU值远远超过g1114新兴的发展中国家g452g1120g7171宽g5114无线通信热g9869技术研究和应用g2325分活跃g452目前g712我国的g12239g2172通信市场呈现持续g5567g17907g3698g19283的局面g712g12239g2172用户总数达g20524亿左右g712用户g7234及g10587达g205230左右g452g6164以g712我国g12239g2172通信用户g7234及g10587g11468对还g8616g17751g1314g712仍g7389g11468当巨g3835和持g1049的g3698g19283空g19400g452除g1268统的公众g12239g2172通信外g712g1852球的宽g5114无线接入g20058g3507近期研究和应用g2325分活跃g712a571a58a59a605热g9869g993断出现g452这g2265g6336MMDS技术、WLAN技术、WiMAX技术g12573g12573g712呈现g11346花齐g6930的局面g452这g1135技术的出现和发展g712给整个无线通信产g1006注入g1114勃勃生机g4521.3关于2.4GHz频段的历史背景、应用前景及发展现状g980g14336来说g712无论g13464织或个人g712希g7407g1363用g7588g980频段进g15904无线通信g712都g5529须g2533当g3332政府申请许g2499证(License)并交纳g980定的管理g17165用g452g1306g7389三个频段g7171g1375外g712FCC（FederalCommunicationsCommissiong13666国联邦通信委员会）指定g1114三个频g10587段g1038无需许g2499证的频段g712称g1038ISM（Industrial,ScientificandMedicalg5049g1006、科学、医学）频段a34a35a36a37a38g452这三个频段分别g1038g726UHF902-928MHzS-band2.40-2.4835GHzC-band5.725-5.875GHz事g4466g990g712这g1972个频段本来并非g1038无线通信g13792设的g452设立这g1972个频段的本意g7171g712g1813许g980g1135g5049g1006产品、科学g1214器和医学设备g3324这g1135g16280定的频段发出g980g1135g4568频能g18339g712g11013于限定频段g712这g1135设备g3324g5049作中发g4568出的g980g1135g4568频信g2507g4613g993会影响g2052其g4439频段的无线设备g452后来g712g11013于DSSS（DirectSequenceSpreadSpectrum,直接序列扩频）与CDMA（CodeDivisionMultipleAccess,码分g3822g3348）技术的应用g712g1363g5483各无线设备g1861用g980个频段g13792g993g11468互干扰g6116g1038g2499能g712于g7171FCCg1927定g5332g6930g8504频段g712并g1000g16280定g1363用ISM频段无需g1363用许g2499证（这g1075g4613意g2631g11540无需g2533政府申请频段并g1038g1055g1196g17165）g452g3252g8504g712g15441g9994FCC同g7114g16280定g1114g1363用ISM频段的g5468g3822限制（g3926发g4568功g10587g993g5483超过1g10938g12573）g712g1306g11013于g8504频段免g17165g712g1363g5483g4439g2475g2052g1114各无线设备g2390商的g8438g17826与g3835力g6915持g712基于ISM频段的无线设备g4630出g993g12363g452g3324这三个ISM频段中g712以2.4GHz频段最g2475g11645目g452这g7171g3252g1038g712g15441g9994FCCg16280定这三个ISM频段g1038无需许g2499证频段g712g1306各国对频段的g2045用g5785g1929g993尽g11468同g712g2494g73892.4GHz这g980频段g7171国际公g16760的无需许g2499证频段g452换g2489话说g712基于g8504频段的无线设备g2499以g3324g3835部分国家通用g712g3252g8504学术g11040和g5049g1006g11040对g8504频段都g7696外g18337视g712近期g2325分热g19388的WLAN（WirelessLocalAreaNetwork,无线局线g13605）g4613g7171基于g8504频段的g452g1002g11040各主要国家（g3332区）对2.4GHz扩频设备的频段分配g5785g1929g16277表1-1g4521.4本课题要注意的主要问题本课题g6164研究的基于nRF24E1的无线耳机g7171短距离无线通信的g980个应用g452无线耳机g3324设计g990g7389g1016个特g9869g726g980g7171g2372g2059线路板体积g980定要小g727g1120g7171作g1038电g8756g1391电的电子产品g712g980定要g8726把线路的功g13803设计g5483非g5132g1314g452g7693g6466以g990第g980g9869g2419g2029g712g3324设计中g980g7171要尽g2499能的g18331用g19610g6116g5242g20652的g17160片g4565装芯片g712g1120g7171芯片的外g3272g1815件g980定要g4581g727g7693g6466第g1120g2419g2029g712除g1114g18331用g1314功g13803芯片设计产品外g712产品中g3324g4444g1517状态g7114应g1363电源g19400g8475g14045g1926g1391电g452a61a62a63a64a65a66a67a68a69a70a63a71a64a65a72a73a74a66a75a76a77a78a79a80a79a81a82a83a84a85a86a87a88a89a90a91a92a93a94a95a96a97a98a99a100a101a102a99a103a104a105a106a85a86a87a88a89a90a107a108a102a99a103(GHz)a109a110a111a1121a113a114a115a116a117a118a115a119a120a121a115a122a123a115a122a117a124a115a122a125a126a115a127a128a115a129a130a131a132a115a133a134a115a135a136a115a124a137a123a132a115a138a116a139a115a138a123a140a115a141a142a143a115a144a114a145a146a115a147a148a149a150a151a152a153a151a154a155a156a157a151a158a157a159a151a160a148a1612.400-2.4835a162a163a164a165a166a167a1681Wa1