动词ing形式.doc

动词ing形式如何区别动名词和现在分词动名词和现在分词的构成相同，即动词原形+ing。那么，在使用的过程中如何区别它们呢？一、用法不同 动词除具有动词的特征外，还有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、 定语等；而现在分词除具有动动词的特征外，还具有形容词的特征，在句子中可以作定语、表语、状语、补语等。二、区分方法： 1.如果-ing形式在句子中作状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。例如： She saw Jim playing with the cat. Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 2.如果-ing形式在句子中作主语、宾语和同位语，那么它一定是动名词。例如：Smoking is harm to your body.I like swimming.His aim, going to college, will come true. 3.作定语的区分方法：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式有逻辑上的主谓关系，即都表示所修饰的人或物所发出的动作，那么它就是现在分词；如果没有，那么它就是动名词。例如：Do you like sleeping cars?（动名词）The sleeping girl is my little sister.（现在分词）4.作表语的区分方法：如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，和主语的位置不能互换，那么-ing形式就是现在分词；如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语互换位置，那么-ing 形式就是动名词。例如： Her job is feeding these animals.（这句话可以改为：Feeding these animals is her job.因此，feeding是动名词。）The book is interesting.（这句话不可以改为：Interesting is the book.所以，interesting 是现在分词。） 一、 动词ing 形式作主语1. 动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。Eg: Swimming is my favorite sport.2. 在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time /fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。It is no use waiting for him any longer.It is a waste of time arguing about it.3. 当句型“There is no”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。There is no point (in)doing sth 干.没意义。There is no sense(in)doing sth. 干没道理/意义【注意】当动名词做主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。My sisters being ill made us worried.二、 动词-ing形式作宾语1. 作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口语记住：避免错过少延期（avoid, miss, postpone）建议完成多练习（advice, finish, practise）喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy, imagine, cant help）承认否认与嫉妒（admit, deny, envy）逃避冒险莫原谅（escape, risk, excuse）2.英语中有一些动词短语也常跟v-ing形式作宾语。常见的跟v-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be worth, be busy等。He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按自己的方法去做。I have never dreamed of visiting that place. 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。3.有些动词或词组后跟动词-ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。Stop to do sth 停下来去做某事Stop doing sth 停止做某事Remember doing sth 记得做了某事Remember to do sth 记住要去做某事Forget doing sth 忘记做了某事Forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事Regret doing sth 后悔做了某事Regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事Mean to do sth 想要做某事Mean doing sth意味着做某事Try to do sth 努力/企图做某事Try doing sth 试着做某事4.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need / want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be doneThe lake needs repairing/ to be repaired这辆自行车需要修理一下。注意：1.动词-ing形式的否定形式动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在动词-ing形式之前。Excuse me for my not coming on time.Im sorry for not having kept my promise.2.动词-ing形式的复合结构1.动词ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格或普通格加动名词，即“sb./sb.s+doing”构成。动名词的复合结构实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语。2.动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：形容词性物主代词+动名词名词s +动名词代词宾格+动名词名词+动名词【注意】动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用两种形式。Toms winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leaving now.三、动词-ing形式作表语动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。 Our greatest happiness is serving the people.（动名词）我们的任务是建设社会主义。 Our task is building socialism. （动名词）表示主语的具体内容时候,主语和表语可以相互替换. E.g. His job is painting. =Painting is his job.我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。 The film we saw last night is quite moving. （现在分词）他的话很鼓舞人。 His words are encouraging. （现在分词）常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等;常译为”令人如何的”全析提示：（1）动名词作表语和主语是等值关系，两者有时可以互换，句子意思不变；动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。（2）现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系，现在分词后面不能接宾语，但它前面可以有修饰性的副词，如very, rather等。四、动词-ing形式作定语动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。我们必须改进工作方法。We must improve our working method. （动名词）他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。They set up an operating table in a small temple.（动名词）中国是发展中国家。 China is a developing country. （现在分词）正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。 The student making the experiment is our monitor.（现在分词）全析提示：1. 动名词短语不能作定语，单个的动名词可以用作定语，但仅作前置定语。如 working method=method for working 工作方法2. 单个分词和分词短语都可作定语，单个分词一般作前置定语，分词短语则作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。如：the man visiting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan 访日的那个人。五、动词-ing形式作宾补 动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示的是正在发生的动作。例如：我看见他正在上楼。 I saw him going upstairs. 我们看着她在过大街。 We watched her crossing the street. 我们听见她在房间里唱歌。 We heard her singing in her room。a) 表示感觉的词(感观动词)和表示状态动词: see /look at / notice/ watch /observe/ catch /feel/ find /smell/ hear/ listen to +o.+doing e.g. Can you smell anything burning?2. 表指使的词(使役动词): have,set,keep,catch,leave e.g. Im sorry to have kept you waiting long.全析提示：接现在分析作宾语补足语的动词有feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, observe, notice, find, smell, set, have, keep, start, leave, get catch等。六、动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随或补充。1表示时间:动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。 句首或句末 Turning around, she saw a car driving up.=When she turned around, she saw a car driving up.她转过身，看见一辆车朝她开来。2表示原因:表示原因的动词-ing形式一般置于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。 句首句中或句末Being ill, he could not walk any further.=As he was ill, he could not walk any further.因为疲倦，他不能再往前走了。3表示结果:动词-ing形式作状语表示一种必然的结果，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。句末 The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.=The fire lasted nearly a month, and left nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。4表示条件：动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。 句首 Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.=If you are more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.更细心点，你就会少犯错误。5表示让步动词-ing形式作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。 句首 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.=Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。6表示方式、伴随或补充说明：动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，可以扩展成为一个并列成分。 句末I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.=I stood by the door, and did not dare to say a word.我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。He was walking along the street, looking this way and that.=He was walking along the street, and looked this way and that. 他在街上走着，左顾右盼。特别提醒1从属连词+动词-ing形式作状语为了使动词-ing形式作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步等意思更加明确，可在动词-ing形式前加上适当的连词(when, while, if，though，unless, even if等)。例如：1.Dont talk while having dinner.吃饭时不要说话。2.Once losing this chance, you cant easily find it.一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。特别提醒2 要避免无依着(无逻辑主语)动词-ing形式动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,如果状语与主语不一致，可给从句加上主语，变成主从复合句。例如：【错误】While reading the book, the telephone rang.【正确】While she was reading the book, the telephone rang. 她看书的时候，电话铃响了。（reading的动作不是the telephone发出）【错误】Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.【正确】Looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.从窗户里，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。（looking的动作不是garden发出）特别提醒3 独立动词-ing形式作状语英语中有些动词-ing形式，如：generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from(从判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of（谈到）等，它们作状语时的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种形式已经成为固定的用法。例如：Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Supposing you lose, what will you do?Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?Supposing he is ill, who will do the work? 假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls.一般来说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。动词-ing形式作状语考点聚焦 注意：a. 动词-ing形式作状语，当句子的谓语动词和动词-ing形式的动词所表动作在时间上几乎同时发生时，用doing作状语，；若动词-ing形式动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用其完成时having done 作状语，；动词-ing形式的否定形式为：not doing 或者not having done，。b. 有一些固定的动词-ing形式作状语，这就是独立成分，。c. 当句子主语和动词-ing形式的主语不一致时，则不可省略动词-ing形式的主语。这时可用独立主格结构，即：带有逻辑主语的动词-ing形式作状语；或者用with 复合结构作伴随状语.若分词的动作发生在谓语动词以前，则分词使用完成式：havingdone。H