高考英语一轮复习 完形填空专题选编（四）1.doc

浙江奉化市2017高考英语完形填空一轮专题选编（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：记叙文话题：动物世界词数：330时间：7Tropical fish hobbyists will tell you their tanks are a source of relaxation，but recent research suggests the fish might disagree.Many American households contain a fish tank，whose average size is less than 10 gallons.Yet a study comparing the behavior of common freshwater fish found that those kept in such small tanks were more aggressive than those in larger ones and were more likely to fight.“If people kept dogs in these conditions，theyd be put in prison，” said the author，Ronald Oldfield.“In larger tanks，the fish were not in continuous eyesight of each other.They were swimming around，checking everything out rather than beating each other，” he added.“Its something we should think about.”The study consisted of two experiments.In one，Dr.Oldfield tested the effects of overcrowding by keeping tank size constant (不变) while increasing the number of fish.In the other，he tested environment by placing three fish in tanks of different sizes.He then recorded their behavior at least two hours after feeding，to eliminate (排除)competitive behaviors related to food.While aggression seemed to remain constant regardless of the number of fish in a tank，it dropped off considerably once the fish were placed in a 100gallon tank with several plants and rocks to form shelters.The findings confirmed what he found when observing Midas in the wild.“If you go out and observe these fish swimming in a river，” he said，“theyre not aggressive at all，really.” This conclusion is not news to Justin Muir，the owner of a fish tank business.“More volume of water is always better.It keeps the fish healthier，and the tank is more stable.”【语篇解读】本文叙述了热带鱼的生活习性。当它们的生活空间越小时，它们的侵略性就越强；反之，如果生活空间越大，侵略性越小。1We can conclude from the study that _Athe fish in small rivers are more likely to fight than those in larger onesBif you keep fish in tanks of less than 10 gallons，youll be put into prisonCpeople havent paid enough attention to the feeling of fish in smaller tanksDthe fish in the wild are more aggressive than those kept in tanks答案C推理判断题。由第二段和第三段内容可知，人们大多把鱼养在小的鱼缸里，故选C项。A项中讲的是河流，而全文讲的是鱼缸，故A项错误；由第三段第一句可知B项错误；由全文特别是最后一段可知D项错误。2How was the first experiment performed?ABy putting more and more fish in the same tank.BBy putting fish in tanks of different sizes.CBy putting some food to test the behavior of fish.DBy putting fish in a tank with plants and rocks.答案A细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知答案。3The two experiments prove that _Afood competition results in the aggressive behavior of fishBfish become more aggressive as more fish are put into a tankCcrowding is the main cause of the aggressive behavior of fishDfish become less aggressive when placed in a 100gallon tank答案D推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句可知，如果把鱼放在100加仑的鱼缸里，它们会停止攻击，故选D项。A项太片面；由倒数第二段最后一句可排除B、C两项。4The best title for this passage might be _AAnimals Right to Live at EaseBPicture of Relaxation Only If Youre Not InsideCHow to Keep Tropical Fish as PetsDHow to Deal with Fishs Aggressive Behavior答案B主旨大意题。由短文内容可知，作者主要告诉我们鱼缸的大小决定鱼生活得是否舒适、侵略性的大小，故选B项。2016高考英语阅读理解-健康保健类 Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically（心理上的） and physically. Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we dont have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous. Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.【小题1】 From Paragraph 1, we learn that _. Adiet products fail to bring out peoples potentialBpeople are fed up with diet productsCpeople have difficulty in choosing diet productsDdiet products are misleading people【小题2】 One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _. Ahesitate before they enjoy diet foodsBpay attention to their own eating habitsCwatch their weight rather than their dietDtry out a variety of diet foods【小题3】The purpose of writing this passage is _. Ato warn people of the side effect of diet productsBto tell people how to lose weightCto advise people to eat diet productsDto introduce some diet products【小题4】Which of the following shows the structure（结构） of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion 2016高考英语阅读理解-健康保健类In many sports, physical contact(身体接触) is part of the game. But when athletes hit their heads, the hit can cause concussions(脑震荡). Concussions have long been a concern for professional athletes, but theyve become more common among young players too. Between 2001 and 2009, the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent. Engineers are developing new helmets(头盔), and new rules are limiting physical contact in some sports. But are these efforts enough to protect kids brains? Concussions can happen during many types of activities. But sports like football and soccer are especially risky. When you run or jump, your body is moving at an increased speed. A sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different direction. “Its like when youre in a bus and it makes a sudden stop,” says Dr. Kevin Crutchfield, an expert at a sports concussion center in Baltimore, Maryland. “You hit the inside of the bus.” This hit damages the brain. It affects the way the brain functions. So some sports require athletes to wear helmets. Helmets help reduce the force of a hit. The hard outer shell spreads the force of larger area. Inside a helmet, a plastic or air-filled lining also helps soften the blow. Steve Rowson is an engineer at Virginia Tech. In his lab, he tests how helmets hold up against different types of hits. No helmet can prevent concussions completely, says Rowson. But hes found that when wearing a newer football helmet, the players head doesnt gain speed as much after a hit. That lowers the risk of concussions. Many youth sports teams have set limits on physical contact to reduce the risk of concussions. In soccer, most concussions happen as a result of headersshots or passes made with the head. Thats why many people think kids shouldnt head the ball until high school. These efforts should help, says Crutchfield. But the best way to prevent long-term brain injuries, he says, is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion. “Protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.”【小题1】Concussions among young players _. Aare rare before 2001Bseem extremely worryingCcause kids to lose interest in sportsDare mostly caused by wearing no helmets【小题2】The author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to _. Astress its dangerous to ride busesBshow human brains are easily damagedCgive a better explanation of concussionsDremind people to wear helmets while playing sports【小题3】What does Steve Rowson think of the newer football helmets? AThey vary a lot in size.BThey work better than the old ones.CThey slow down the players running speed.DThey allow the players to move their heads more freely.【小题4】Dr. Crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion, young players should_. Anever head the ballBavoid dangerous sportsCplay other kinds of sportsDstop playing the sport for a while 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking. They try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.First, the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next, the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully.After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.Fin