unit_15_澳大利亚australia the land and the people o..._高中英语ppt课件下载

Unit 15 the Land and the People of the Dreaming Australia,Australia,Amazing 叹为观止Unexpected 超乎想象Stylish 时尚之巅Tempting 诱人魅力Relaxing 悠然一刻Adventurous 体验极限Liberating 自由自在Inspiring 灵感无限Attractive 梦萦魂牵,Focal Points 一、本单元重点内容,1. The natural environment of Australia(澳大利亚的自然环境)2. Distinctive features of the land (这片土地的特征)3. Distinctive animals of the land(这片土地上独特的动物)4. The indigenous peoples(原著民)5. Dreaming and Dreamtime(“梦创信仰”和“梦创时代”)6. The concept of Terra Nullius (“无人拥有的土地”的概念)7. Impact of colonization on the indigenous peoples (殖民化对原著民的冲击)8. Policies of segregation and assimilation(种族隔离政策和同化政策),The Land,Land area: approximately 7,750,000 sq kmClimate: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north Terrain: mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast,澳大利亚,The land,Location: between equatorial South East Asia and the AntarcticTerritory: The largest island and the smallest continentThe country also includes Tasmania(塔斯马尼亚岛), an island just to the south, the Torres Straits Islands (托雷斯海峡岛屿) off the northern coast of the mainland and a small number of islands in the Pacific and the Indian Oceans,Geographically isolated?,Its the smallest continent in the world and its the biggest island in the world.,The Land,南回归线,The only nation to govern an entire continent,Australia,Tasmania,Pacifica Ocean,Indian Ocean,Geography,Western Australia,Northern Territory,South Australia,New SouthWales,Queensland,Victoria,Tasmania,Australia Capital,Distinctive features of the land,Two of the countrys most distinctive physical features are the Great Dividing Range (大分水岭), which extends as an almost unbroken series of plateaus down the East Coast of Australia, from northern Queensland, through New South Wales and into Victoria and the Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁), the largest coral structure in the world, which extends along the coast of Queensland.,the Great Dividing Range (大分水岭),the Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁),From east to westEast： Center：West：,Highlands(the Great Dividing Range ）,Lowlands & basin,Plateau,Geographic feature,西部,中部,东部,高原,平原,山地,Regions,Six states,Two areasNorthern TerritoryAustralia Capital Territory （ACT首都直辖区）,Political Division in Australia,ACT,Uluru (Ayes Rock)乌卢鲁（即澳州艾尔斯岩，世界最大的单体巨石） (澳大利亚中部一块在平坦的沙漠中天然形成的红色花岗岩巨石) Located in the flat desert of the center of Australia, it is the largest monolith (独块巨石)in the world. It is a holy place for the Aboriginal people living around it. It is also called Ayers Rock by white settlers.,Ayers Rock 艾尔斯巨石,The Gold Coast黄金海岸,tropical desert climate,tropical savanna climate,Mediterranean climate,temperate maritime climate,megathermal climate,subtropical monsoon climate,Climate,Distinctive animals of the land,Australias distinctive flora and fauna evolved through its long period as an island continent (澳大利亚独特的动植物群是由其大陆岛的地理特征逐渐演变形成的)。Animals unique to the continent include: the platypus(鸭嘴兽), kangaroo (袋鼠), koala(树袋熊) and wombat(毛鼻袋鼠)。,Platypus duckbill鸭嘴兽,kangaroo,emu鸸鹋,Koala,Wombat袋熊,Official name: The Commonwealth of Australia,brief introduction,Capital city: Canberra,National flower：Golden Wattle(金合欢）,National tree: eucalyptus 桉树,National bird： lyrebird琴鸟,National Day: Australia Day Jan. 26th (1788),National Day: January 26th,On January 26th, 1788，the British colonists established the first settlement in Australia.,Golden Wattle,eucalyptus,lyrebird,National flag,National Emblem,Political system: Federal parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchyLegislature: Parliament Upper House-Senate Lower House-House of RepresentativesEconomy: The worlds 13th largest economy and the worlds 6th highest per capita income.,Governor-General Prime Minister Quentin Bryce Julia Gillard,National Capital：,In aboriginal language, the word “kambera” means “gathering place” or “meeting place”.,Canberra 堪培拉,Canberra,Population 327,0001908 site chosen for Australias capital,Famous Landmarks Federal Parliament House, The National Library, The High Court, The Australian War Memorial, The National Art Gallery,Canberra,Garden City,National Museum,Parliament House,Sydney,Population 4.2mLargest and oldest city in AustraliaHosted 2000 OlympicsFamous landmarks The Sydney Harbour Bridge, The Sydney Opera House, Bondi Beach,Not the capital but the biggest city in Australia,Sydney“New York” in southern hemisphere,the biggest city in Australia,Sydney Opera House,Beaches in Sydney,In Sydney there are thirty beautiful beaches,If you are in Sydney, you must visit one of the longest bridges in the world- the Sydney Harbour Bridge,The Opera House,Melbourne,Population 3.6mEstablished 1835 just before Victorian gold rushSite of Australias first federal governmentLandmarks Yarra River, MCG, Phillip Island penguin colony,Freerailroad car,Melbourne,the second biggest city in Australia,Commercial center,Australian Open Tennis Championships,Melbourne,Australian Melbourne Albert Park,Melbourne Cup,Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG),Melbourn is the center of fashion and art. And it is a famous traveling resort.,Currency,1 AUD= 6.2435 CNY,Currency - notes,Great Barrier Reef,大学风光,Students dormitory,The Peoples,Earliest settlers: 47,000 years ago 18500 generations of the People of the DreamingModern western settlers: Since the First Fleet bringing the first convicts (罪犯) to Australia arrived in 1788, only 8 generationsThe Dreaming/The Dreamtime: the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the landthat the land owns them and that they hold it in trust as the home of their creator. 200 to 250 languages in the past, now about 20 are strong.,Dreamtime or Dreaming,Dreamtime: time before time/the time of the creation of all things,Dreaming: an individuals or groups set of beliefs or spirituality,Contact and the Concept of the Terra Nullius,1405-1433 Zheng He to Middle East and Eastern AfricaProofs of Chinese landing: concept of reincarnation; rock painting describing anchor or Buddha; Kangroo known in 15th century ChinaMalaysian, Indonesian, Arab seafarers,Late Medieval European logic and mythology: Terra Australis. The notion of Terra Australis was introduced by Aristotle.,1604 copy of the 1602 Chinese map Kunyu Wanguo Quantu, which depicts 墨瓦喇尼加 mwlnji (Magellanica) as a large continent in the South.,Portugese, Spanish and dutch explorersEnglish explorer Captain Cook 1770(1768-1779)Notwithstanding I had in the Name of His Majesty taken possession of several places upon this coast, I now once more hoisted English Coulers and in the Name of His Majesty King George the Third took possession of the whole Eastern Coast . . . by the name New South Wales, together with all the Bays, Harbours Rivers and Islands situate upon the said coast, after which we fired three Volleys of small Arms which were Answerd by the like number from the Ship.Cook had recorded signs that the coast was inhabited during the voyage north, and here he noted as he returned to the ship the great number of fires on all the land and islands about them, a certain sign they are Inhabited.(.au/enlargement-eid-23-pid-34.html),Terra Nullius,1728年10月27日1779年2月14日）。“不单超越前人，更使后无来者” (Not only go farther than any man had ever been before, but as far as it was possible to go)。1788 first settlers,In the 18th century British took over, and declared it “terra nullius” and its people “the Aborigines”Terra Nullius is from Latin. It means a land that is owned by no one. The British declared the Australian continent Terra Nullius to justify their invasion of the indigenous peoples land. It served to legitimize their taking possession of the land and devalue the indigenous people as uncivilized and not fully human.,The Impact of Colonisation,About 20,000 Aborigines were killed in skirmishes and massacres in the first decades of conolisation.Many killed by the imported diseases,Aborigines,The Policies of Segregation and Exclusion,By the mid 1800s violence changed to segregation and exclusion(Forcibly put on reserves and placed under the absolute control of white officials titled Protectors)19th century Darwinian theory of evolution - hierarchy of races (white at the top and black at the bottom),The Policies of Segregation and Exclusion,Herbert Spencer(1820-1903): Social Darwinism introduced the term the survival of the fittest to validate the military, political and cultural superiority of the cononial Europeans.,The Policy of Ass