特殊句式1.doc

I. 高考试题分析： 1.对特殊句式的考查： （1）对倒装句的考查。 （2）对强调句的考查。 （3）对省略的考查。 （4）反意疑问句的考查。 （5）祈使句和感叹句的考查。 近年四川卷已考查过的与特殊句式相关的知识点：（2006年）At the foot of the mountain lies a village. (倒装句)（2007年）The flowers his friends gave him will die unless watered every day. （省略句）（2009年）Not until I came home last night did Mum go to the bed. （倒装句）(2010年）We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work. (倒装）(2010年）If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you will succeed.(强调）II. 倒装句 1. 完全倒装(1). 表示方位或方式的副词或介词位于句首时。如：up, down, out, away, here, there等 On the top of the mountain lies a temple.(2). such 置于句首，句子的谓语动词为be时： Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 2. 部分倒装(1). Only修饰状语（副词、介词或状语从句）位于句首时：(2). 否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, seldom, scarcely, rarely, little及否定意义的介词短语at no time, in no case, by no means, on no condition等位于句首时：Not a single mistake did he make. (3). 重要固定句型：. so +be/助动词/情态动词+主语. neither/nor +be/助动词/情态动词+主语. So + adj./adv. that So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. Neither , not Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. Not only , but also Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. Not until Not until he returned did we have supper. . if 引导的虚拟条件句中，当句中有had, were, should时，省掉if 时而把were, had, should 提前，变为倒装形式。如：Were it not the bad weather, we would have a picnic now. 3. 形式倒装(1). 感叹句 What a beautiful garden it is!(2). the more , the more 句型 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.(3). whatever, however+ adj/adv 引导让步状语从句 However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.(4). as, though 引导让步状语从句 Child as/though he is, he knows a lot. Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.注意：as, though, although 引导让步状语从句时的区别：as引导让步状语时必须倒装，though引导让步状语时可倒装也可不倒装，而although引导让步状语从句时则不能倒装。III. 强调句 1. 强调句型 (1). 陈述句： It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +句子其它成分 (当被强调部分指人时，可用who与that，其它情况只能用that) (2). 一般疑问句：Was/Is it +被强调部分+ that/who +句子其它成分? (3). 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + is/was +it+ that/who +句子其它成分? (4). not until 的句式中：It is/was not until+被强调部分+ that+句子其它成分 2. 如需强调谓语，则用助动词do, does 或did。IV. 省略 1. 定语从句中的省略 (1). 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which; whom常可省略 (2). 先行词是time, reason, place时，作状语的关系副词when, why, where 也可省略。 2. 状语从句中的省略 (1). 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be，如： Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office. When (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. (2). 当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有be 动词时，可把it和be 动词一起省略，如： Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary. 3. 不定式的省略，单独使用不定式符号to。 (1). 代替不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid, expect, hope, intend, like, love, mean, refuse, seem, try, want, wish 等后边。如： I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. (2). 在have, need, ought, be going, used 等后面。如： I didnt want to go there, but I had to. (3). 在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面。如： -Will you join in the game? -Id be glad to. (4). 否定形式省略，用not to。如： If you think reading is not right, I prefer not to. (5). 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have 和have been。如： -Are you a sailor? -No, but I used to be. (6). Why not do sth.V. 反意疑问句 1. 句子结构形式：“肯定陈述句+否定问句”“否定陈述句+肯定问句”（1）附加疑问句中的主语为句子主语对应的人称代词。注意： 陈述句主语为指示代词this/that, 不定代词nothing, anything, everything, 动词不定式，动名词或从句时，附加疑问句中用it。 陈述句主语为these, those, 附加疑问句中用they。 陈述句主语为不定代词nobody, everybody, somebody 等时，附加疑问句中用they或he。 2. 注意以下问题： (1). 陈述部分包含否定意义的词，如：no, never, hardly, little等时，附加疑问句用肯定形 式。但此种情况中，不包括加前后缀构成的否定意义词，如unhappy, dislike等。 (2). 情态动词表示推测意义时，其反意疑问句的时态应用其没有猜测意义时的时态形式。 若为“情态动词+have +done”的形式，表示对过去事情的推测，则： 句中有过去时间状语时，用一般过去时；. 若没有明显的过去时间状语，则用现在完成时。 (3). 祈使句后的反意疑问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语气，一般用will you。具体如下： 否定祈使句，+will you?肯定祈使句，+will/wont you? Lets do sth, shall we? Let sb. do sth, will you? (4). 陈述部分用used to 的反意疑问句，附加疑问句部分可用usednt 或didnt (5). must 表示“必须”时，后的反意疑问句用neednt; 当用mustnt （禁止），其后的反意疑问句用must或may。 (6). 在宾语从句中，若陈述部分为“I/We dont think/believe/imagine/suppose/expect+宾语从句” 时，附加疑问句与宾语从句中的主语保持一致，且用肯定式。但若陈述部分的主语不是I/We 时，则根据一般规则来确定即可。VI. 祈使句和感叹句 1. 祈使句 (1). 肯定式：动词原形+ 否定式：Dont +动词原形+ 强调式：呼语, you+动词原形+ (2