本讲教育信息冠词

【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 冠词二. 重难点讲解（一）冠词在句中的位置及分类冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种：a和an 为不定冠词，the为定冠词。（二）冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物。特指是指上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表：1. 单数可数名词前一定要用冠词：a（n）泛指单一，每一，任一事物指类别the特指：上文提到过的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物说话双方所默认的人或事物世上独一无二的人或事物指类别2. 复数可数名词、不可数名词前the特指上文提到过的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物说话双方所默认的人或事物零冠词泛指的人或事物指类别（三）不定冠词的用法1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物This is a book.2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别A plane is a machine that can fly.3. 泛指某人或某物A girl is waiting for you.4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every. Two kilometers an hour, five lessons a week, twice a month5. 用在某些物质名词和抽象名词前，表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等。There will be a strong wind in South China.Its a pleasure for me to work with you.6. 用于某些固定词组中。a few/little/bit, have a swim/ walk/ talk/ look/dance/ drink/ rest, have a cold, have a good time, in a hurry, for a while, keep a diary, do sb. a favor7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前a knife and fork（四）定冠词the 的用法1. 表示双方都知道的人或事物Give me the book, please.2. 表示特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物Do you know the girl in red?I have a book. The book is very interesting.3. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。The earth moves around the sun.4. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前面，以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前。The first lesson is very easy.She is the most careful student in my class.He is the younger of the two boys.5. 用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人The Greens are watching TV now.6. 用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物The orange is orange.7. 用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。the Great Wall; the United States; the Summer Palace8. 与某些形容词连用表示一类人The rich should help the poor.9. 用在表示方位或乐器名称的名词之前。Jilin is in the north of China.I like playing the piano.10. 用在某些固定词组中in the morning/ afternoon/ evening; in the daytime; in the end; all the time; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; at the age of; at the beginning of; on the other side of; in the middle of; at the moment（五）定冠词的位置1. 当定冠词与all, half, both, double等词连用修饰名词时，定冠词应放在这些词之后。Look, all the books are here.Both the boys are from Class1, Grade 2.They walked half the journey.2. 当定冠词与表示倍数、分数的词连用时，需要放在这些词之后The bed is three times the size of that one.The rope is one third the length of that one.（六）零冠词的用法1. 不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词Man cant live without water.Horses are animals.2. 某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。 China is a great country.Mary lives in New York. 3. 名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时，用零冠词。Every student likes English in our class.4. 用在表节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等的词前面，但若特指某年的某月份或某年的某季节，则需要在月份、季节前加the.June 1 is Childrens Day.Spring comes after winter.5. 用在称呼或表示头衔的名词前This is Professor Li.6. 用在三餐、球类及学科名词前I went to school without breakfast this morning.He often plays football after school.We are all like English. 7. 用在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的名词前。Nanjing Road Hainan Island8. 用在与by 连用的交通工具名称前by car, by train但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike 前需用冠词。9. 用在公共假日、节日名称之前New Years Day; Womens Day10. 用在表特定的公园、街道、车站、桥、学校等的名词前Peoples Park11. 用在某些固定词组或习惯用语中day and night; face to face; side by side; step by step; watch TV; at school/ work/ home; at first/ last; in trouble; in danger; on foot; on duty/ watch; on time; in time; in bed; go to school/work; by bus/ plane/ ship/ bike; at noon/ night三. 易混点清单（一）不定冠词a/an的区别a 用在以辅音因素开头的单词前an 用在以元音因素开头的单词前（注意：根据读音，不是根据字母）an honest boy, a useful bookTheres an “f” in the word “five”.（二）单数名词前加定冠词、不定冠词，复数名词前不加冠词都可以表示“一类”。A horse is a useful animal.The horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful animals.（三）有定冠词与无定冠词的区别1. go to schoolgo to the school2. go to bedgo to the bed3. in hospital in the hospital4. at table at the table5. at school at the school6. in class in the class7. in future in the future8. in front of in the front of9. next year the next year10. by seaby the sea11. in bed in the bed12. on earthon the earth（四）序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别the+ 序数词 “第几”a +序数词“又一、再一”（五）a number of , the number of （六）在句型“动词+人+介词+ the+人体部位”中要用the，而不用物主代词。take sb. by the bandhit sb. on the headpat sb. on the shoulderhit sb. in the face（七）当名词被其他词修饰时，不定冠词a或an 的位置应注意1. 当名词被such, half, what, many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.It took me half an hour to write the letter.What an interesting book it is!Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.2. 当名词前面的形容词前有so, how, too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词后。She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.How nice a film this is!3. 当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, very 时，不定冠词置于quite 或rather之后， very之前quite a good bookrather a useful toola very interesting story 【模拟试题】一. 1. Han Meimei is _ Chinese girl. Lucy is _ English girl.A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a2. A little boy wrote_ “U” and_ “n” on the wall.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a3. _ old lady in brown is_ university professor.A. An; a B. An; / C. The; an D. The; a4. There are sixty minutes in _ hour.A. an B. the C. a D. /5. This is _ interesting book and it is also _ useful one.A. an; an B. an; the C. ah; a D. a; a6. A computer is _ useful tool in _ world today.A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a二. 1. We have never seen _ interesting film.A. such B. such an C. so D. such a2. Mrs Smith is _ friend of _A. the; mine B. a; me C. the; my D. a; mine3. He is _ boy.A. a seven-years-old B. an eight-year-oldC. the seven-year-old D. an eight-year-older4. I saw _ accident in the street yesterday.A. the B. a C. an D. /5. Now he is _ artist. 1 have known him since he was _one-year-old boy. A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a三. 1. Which bigger _ elephant or _ horse?A. a; the B. an; a C. the; an D. an; the2. _monkey can climb _ trees.A. /; the B. A; / C. The; a D. /; /3. _ rains are faster than _ buses.A. /; / B. The; / C. /; the D. The; a4. Have you learned German?Yes. Its _ language Ive ever learned.A. a quite difficult B. quite a difficultC. difficult quite D. difficult a quite5. Some animals, like _ cat, _ dog or _ wolf, do not need to hibernate（冬眠）.A. /; /; the B. the; the; the C. a; /; the D. the; /; /四. 1. Yesterday we held_ talk with them in the hall.A. the B. this C. a D. an2. My mother had_ fever, so I had to look after her.A. a B. the C. / D. this3. Looking at, he took _ deep breath.A. / B. a C. that D. its4. I usually go out for _ walk after_ tea;A. a; / B. /; the C. a; a D. the; a5. After that they had _ sleep.A. a night good B. a nights good C. a good night D. a good nights五. 1. It is _ since we _ last time. A. long time; met B. a long time; meetC. a long time; met D. the long time; meet2. There came _ great noise. It frightened us.A. the B. a C. / D. that3. It is_ pleasure to work with these workers.A. an B. / C. a D. this4. After _ quick breakfast I hurried to _ school.A. /; / B. a; / C. the; the D. the; /六. 1. This is _ egg. _egg is big。A. a; A B. an; An C. a; The D. an; The2. There is_ W in _ word “map”.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; the D. a; the3. Here is basket. _ basket is mine.A. a; The B. the; An. C. a; A D. the; A4. There is_ bridge over there. _ bridge is made of wood.A. the; The B. a; A C. the; A D. a; The5. He ordered _ book some time ago and now _ book has arrived.A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the七. 1. She saw_ English film last Sunday. But she can not remember_name of _ film.A. an; a; a B. a; the; a C. an; the; a D. an; the; the2. There is_ old man under_ tree.A. an; the B. the; a C. a; the D. an; /3. What was _ yesterday?November 24.A. date B. the date C. day D. the day4. We shall visit your country in_ coming year.,A. a B. the C. one D. that5. Mother does most of _ at home.A. cleaning B. a clean C. the cleaning D. clean 八. 1. Whose room is that? Its_.A. the twins B. of Lucy and LilyC. of the twins D. the twins2. Im busy_.A. at the moment B. at that moment C. in a moment D. just a moment3. _ book is very useful. I bought it from _ unknown little town.A. A; a B. The; a C. A; an D. The; an4. English is_ interesting subject for most of students.A. the; an B. the; the C. an; / D. an; the5. _ girl in _ Grade Three is _ tallest in our school.A. The; the; the B. A; a; a C. The; /; the D. A; /; a九. 1. Mr White lives on _floor.A. the fifteen B. fifteen C. the fifteenth D. fifteenth2. A boy named Ding Wei kicked a goal early _ of the match. A. in the one half B. in the first half C. for the first half D. for half one3. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have _ third try. A. the B. a C. another D. other4. China is one of _ oldest countries in _ world.A. the; the B. the; / C. a; a D. an; the5. Mary is _ only girl who has been to American.A. a B. the C. an D. /十.1. We can see _ sun and _ moon in_ picture. A. a; the; the B. the; a; theC. a; the; a D. the; the; the2. _moon moves around _ earth, and they both are smaller than _ sun.A. The ; an ; a B. A; the; the C. /; /; / D. The; the; the3. Paris is _ capital of France.A. a B. / C. one D. the十一1. _ Browns arrived there yesterday evening.A. / B. A C. The D. An2. Why not ask your father to draw_ map for you if you want to get to _ Alices house easily?A. a; an B. /; an C. the; a D. a; /3. _ Browns are sitting at_ breakfast table.A. /; a B. The; / C. The; the D. /; the4. _ Turners could not pay for _ colour TV set. A. The; a B. /; the C. /; a D. The; /5. They went to _ Smiths and stayed there for half_ hour.A. /; an B. the; a C. a; the D. the; an十二.1. Cotton is grown in _ China.A. north B. the north of C. the north D. a north2. Its _ pleasure to see _ sun rising in _ east.A. /; the; / B. a; /; / C. a; the; the D. /; the; the3. Most of us are from_.A. the south B. south C. the southern D. southern4. _ United States lies in North America.A. An B. A C. The D. /十三.1. He likes playing_ piano, he doesnt like playing_ football.A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; /2. Tom enjoys playing _ football while I enjoy playing _ piano very much.A. the; the B. a; a C. /; the D. the; /3. Yesterday his mother bought_ piano and _ basketball in that big shop.A. the; a B. a; a C. /; / D. some; two十四. 1. _ night, a stranger knocked at the door.A. One B. The C. An D. A2. We often play football in_ of the school building.A. a front B. fronts C. front D. the front3. Theres going to be _ English test next week.A. an; a B. an; / C. the; a D. an; the4. There is a map on _ left of the picture.A. the B. / C. a D. an5. He takes a bath in _ evening.A. the B. / C. a D., an十五. 1. We should look after_ old.A. these B. those C. the D. an2. The young nurse is kind to _ ill in the hospital.A. a B. an C. / D. the3. _ poor in those days had a hard time. A. A B. This C. The D. Those4. Not all _ beautiful is good.A. the B. a C. / D. this十六. 1. They sailed along _ Yellow River for two weeks before they arrived _ home.A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the2. The students of our school climbed_ West Mountains.A. the B. this C. that D. /3. The ship is sailing on_ Pacific OceanA. a B. the C. / D. that十七. 1. Excuse me, may I have_ water, please? Sorry, there isnt _ water in _ bottle. A. any; any; the B. some; some; a C. some; any; the D. some; any; a2. It is known to all that _ light travels faster than _ sound. A. /; / B. a; a C. the; the D. the; /3. _water（Water）is necessary in _ peoples everyday life. A. /; / B. The; / C. The; the D. /; the4. I came here in_ autumn of 1982.A. one B. a C. an D. the十八. 1. _ is the most difficult in this book.A. Lesson second B. The second lesson C. Sec