考研英语翻译技巧之词性转换.doc

（考研）英语翻译技巧之词性转换一、转译成动词例如：I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.译文：你决定战胜复习考试中的困难，这一点我很羡慕。（一）名词转译成动词1由动词派生的名词转译成动词。Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.在中国，人们非常注重讲礼貌。2含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。3英语中有些加后缀-er的名词， He is a good singer.他唱歌唱得好。Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.那些小工厂还在极大的消耗和浪费原材料。4有些短语中作为中心主体词的名词往往可转译成动词，如To have a rest 和To have a good look at 里的rest 和look.You must be tired. Why dont you take a rest?你一定很累了，为什么不休息一会呢？The car braked sharply, coming to rest on the edge of the cliff.汽车猛的刹住，停在悬崖边上。（二）形容词转译成动词I am anxious about his health.我担心他的身体健康。Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.科学家们都深信，所有的物质都是不灭的。常见的有：与思维和知觉相关的形容词：aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等；与情感相关的形容词：glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等；与欲望相关的形容词：desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, enthusiastic, zealous等。（三）副词转译成动词She opened the window to let fresh air in.她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。After careful investigation they found the design behind.经过仔细研究之后，他们发现这个设计落后了。二、转译成名词（一）英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。1名词派生的动词This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。2名词转用的动词Our age is witnessing a profound political change.我们的时代是深刻政治变革的见证。Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earths atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。（二）有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以译成“受（遭）到+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。He was treated very shabbily by the press during this period.在这期间，他受到了新闻界极不公正的对待。I was encouraged by our president.我得到了校长的鼓励。（三）形容词转译成名词1英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成名词。They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。Both compounds are acids, the former is strong and the latter is weak.这两种都是酸。前者是强酸，后者是弱酸。2有时候根据情况，可以灵活处理，把有些形容词转换成名词来翻译。He was eloquent and elegantbut soft.他有口才、有风度，但性格软弱。His whole family were religious.他全家都是虔诚的教徒。三、转译成形容词形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。This issue is of vital importance.这个问题至关重要。The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往要以转译成形容词。Our performance was a success.我们的演出很成功。Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。四、其它词类转译（一）形容词与副词的互相转译1由于英语中的名词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语动词，所以修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。We must make full use of exiting technical equipment.我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。This is sheer nonsense.这完全是胡说2由于英语中的动词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语名词，所以修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。This film impressed him deeply.这部电影给了他深刻的印象。（二）名词与副词的互相转译1名词转译成副词The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the