开放英语II(1)7-12阶段复习.doc

英语II（1）第二阶段学习小结深圳电大 苏曼华一、 Units 7-12中主要学习的语法项目：（重难点）1 therefore, although和however的用法（Unit 7）* therefore 意为“所以, 因此”, 表结果, 比so更正式, 在句中常和and连用。 He worked day and night, and therefore he was able to buy a new sports car. * although 意为“虽然,但是 ”, 不能和but 连用。 Although they were 75 years old, they still played tennis every day.They still played tennis every day although they were 75 years old. * however 意为“然而,但是”, 表示转折，比but正式。位置较灵活，在句首时，后面常用逗号。 He was wealthy. However, he was very mean(吝啬).Although he was wealthy, he was very mean.练习：1. All the team members tried their best. We lost the game, _. a. therfore b. although c. but d. however2. Parliament didnt think the Prime Minister did enough in the improvement of fair employment, _ he was asked to write to Parliament for further explanation. a. so b. therefore c. since d. asKey: D B2 现在完成进行时（Unit 8）时态结构举例（write）现在进行时am/is/are + V-ing (现在分词)am/is/are writing 过去进行时was/were + V-ing (现在分词)was/were writing *现在完成进行时have/has + been + V-ing (现在分词)have/has been writing Ive been working here for three years. I havent been working here for very long.Have you been working here for three years?How many years have you been working here? Who have been working here for three years? 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较： 现在完成时强调动作的结果，并表示动作已经结束；现在完成进行时强调动作从过去某个时间一直持续到现在，而且还要持续下去。例如： John has painted the door. （已漆完，动作已结束） John has been painting the door. （还在漆，动作还要持续下去） Weve cleaned the house. You may come in now. （强调动作的结果）Were very tired. Weve been cleaning the house. （强调动作持续进行）练习：1. Im tired. I _ working very hard. (Unit 6题) A. have B. have been C. had 2. Please wake him up. He _ for 4 hours. A. is sleeping B. was sleeping C. had been sleeping D. has been sleeping 3. He _ a book, and now he needs a holiday. A. has been writing B. had been writing C. will be writing D. was writingKey: B D A3 虚拟条件句（Unit10） 真实条件句表示现在或将来可能发生的事情或存在的情况，虚拟条件句表示纯属假设的不可能发生的事情或存在的情况，它是与事实相反的愿望、假想。真实条件句的构成：“If + 从句主语 + 一般现在时，主句主语 + will/wont + 动词原形” If we bid for the games, we will promote the country. 虚拟条件句的构成：“If + 从句主语 + 动词过去式， 主句主语+ would (d ) + 动词原形” If I had the time, Id make something better. 注意：在这种与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句的if 从句中，不论从句主语是什么人称，be动词都常用were。If my grandmother were alive, Id ask her. If I were you, Id ask her. 练习：1. If the Olympics _ here, the city _ greatly improved. (样题) A. come will be B. come will C. will come will be D. will come is2. If my grandmother _ alive, I _ her. (样题) A. is would ask B. werewould ask C. was will ask D. were will ask 3. If I _ time, I _ something better. (04年7月题) A. have will make B. will have will make C. had would make D. had had would make4. If I _ you, I _ study English harder. (05年1月题) A. amwould B. werewould C. amwill D. had beenwould5. If I _ time last Sunday, I would have gone to visit you. (05年1月题) A. had had B. had C. have had D. would have6. If there _ no air, there _ no living thing. (05年7月题) A. werewould be B. waswill be C. isis D. isshould be7. If you had warned Jane, she _ on time, but she was late. (05年7月题) A. will come B. would come C. had come D. would have come8. If I get the new job, I _ buy a better car. (Unit 18题) A. / B. will C. would9. If he were fitter, he _ live longer. (Unit 12题) A. / B. will C. would10. Ill buy a pair of shoes if the store _ soon. A. open B. opened C. opens D. has opened11. If I _ you, I would do it at once. A. am B. would be C. be D. were12. _, I would go with him. A. If he wants B. If he wanted C. Wanted he D. Were he wantKey: A B C B A, A D B C C, D, B.4 进行时的被动语态（Unit 11） 被动语态结构(be + V-ed)举例（write）现在进行时am/is/are + being + V-ed (过去分词) is/are being written 过去进行时was/were + being + V-ed (过去分词)was/were being written A new hospital is being built here. Is a new hospital being built here? 200 people were being treated in a Glasgow hospital last week.Were 200 people being treated in a Glasgow hospital last week?Where were 200 people being treated last week?练习：1. The road near our university _ now. (05年1月题) A. builds B. is building C. is being built D. will build2. My car was being _ when it was stolen. (Unit 12题) (05年7月题) A. repairing B. repaired C. repair D. repairs3. A new hotel _ in the centre of town at the moment. (Unit 18题) A. has been built B. is built C. is being built4. I saw your brother when he _ to hospital after the accident. A. being taken B. was being taken C. has been taken D. be taken5. May I use your computer? Mine _. A. is being repaired B. is being repairing C. has repaired D. are repairedKey: C B C B A 5 间接引语（Unit 11） 转述他人的话时, 一字不改地引述, 叫直接引语, 用说话人自己的话转述，叫间接引语。直接引语一般要加引号，间接引语不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时，注意下列变化：(1) 人称的变化：随直接引语变间接引语后的实际情况决定。(2) 时态的变化：当引述动词为过去时态时，谓语动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词要起变化。（在间接引语中，主句时态和从句时态的一致性原则。） 现在时态变成相应的过去时态（一般现在变成一般过去，现在进行变成过去进行，现在完成变成过去完成），一般过去变成过去完成，过去完成不变，一般将来变成过去将来。(3) 其他的变化：时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和个别动词也根据情况作相应的变化。直接引语间接引语例句nowthenHe asked me, “What is he doing now?” - He asked me what he was doing then.todaythat dayHe asked, “Where will you go today?” - He asked me where I would go that day. yesterdaythe day beforeHe said, “I did it yesterday.” - He said he had done it the day before. last weekthe week beforeHe said, “I did it last week.” - He said he had done it the week before.three days agothree days beforeHe said, “I did it two days ago.” - He said he had done it two days before.tomorrowthe next dayHe said, “Ill do it tomorrow.” - He said he wold do it the next day. next weekthe week after/ the next week He said, “Ill do it next week.” - He said he would do it the week after.”herethereHe said to me, “How long have you lived here?” - He asked me how long I had lived there.thisthatHe asked me, “Do you like this?” - He asked me if I liked that.thesethoseHe asked me, “What are these?” - He asked me what those were. comegoTom said, “Ill come with Mary.” - Tom said that he would go with Mary. bringtakeMary said, “Bring a bottle of wine home, Tom.” - Mary asked Tom to take a bottle of wine home. 练习：1. The doctor said that he _ for the immigration officer. (样题) A. had to wait B. have to wait C. has to wait D. wait 2. She told me she _ well before the flight. (04年7月题) A. hadnt slept B. didnt sleep C. hasnt slept D. doesnt sleep 3. Mr. Green told me a friend of his _ to China next week. A. will come B. would come C. comes D. cameKey: A A B二、Units 7-12中主要学习的语言功能：本阶段除了学习以上重难点之外，我们还学习了以下语言功能：1 to need doing 和 to need to do 的用法（Unit 7） to need + doing意思是“某物(事)需要.” 表示被动意义. The roof needs repairing. My hair needs cutting. to need + to do意思是“某人（主语）需要做某事”。 We need to repair the roof. We need to study English.1. The bike needs _. (06年1月题) A. repairing B. to repair C. repair D. repaired Key: A2. The bedroom needs _. (Unit 12题) A. decorating B. to decorate C. decorate Key: A3. The electric shaver _ before it can be used. A. needs repairing B. requires to repair C. should be in repair D. has to be repairable Key: A4. The roof of our house is broken, so it needs _. a. repaired b repairing c. being repaired d. to repair Key: B5. At present, the most important thing is that Britain needs _ more to improve the relationship with the USA. a. to do b. doing c. to be done d. do Key: A2 to have sth done 和 to get sth done 的用法（Unit 7） “to have + 宾语 +过去分词” 表示动作并非主语所为，而是使人或安排人做某事，尤指安排专门的人来做。 The agent had the windows painted two years ago. Have they had the broken windowpanes replaced yet? 在口语中，也常用“to get + 宾语 +过去分词”表达同样的意思。 He got the gutter（排水沟）replaced. Have you got the gate mended?1. Youd better have the colour TV set _. (05年1月题) A. repaired B. repairs C. repairing D. repair Key: A2. We have our office _ every day by a cleaner. (Unit 12题) A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned Key: C3. There is somtthing wrong with my TV set. I must have it _. A. checking b. check c. to check d. checked Key: D4. Theyll have you _ if you dont pay your taxes. A. to be arrested b. arrest c. arrested d. being arrested Key: C5. They got the work _ before the rainy season set in. A. to do b. done c. doing d. did Key: B3描述做某事的感觉（Unit 7） 句子结构是：Its + 形容词 + doing Its good/ better/ convenient/ easy/ easier/ nice/ nicer/ safe/ safer + doing It wasnt very easy getting the tube. It was convenient living close to work.1. Its great fun _ a boat. (06年1月题) A. sail B. sailed C. to be sailed D. sailing Key: D2. Its very convenient _ here. (样题) A. we lived B. we live C. live D. living Key: D4描述人物的外貌、外观（Unit 7）句子结构是：主语 + look + 形容词That house looks old. The area looks dirty and a bit dangerous. 5表示抱怨和道歉（Unit 7） Im angry/concerned/unhappy/worried about Im appalled/surprised/upset by Im disappointed/dissatisfied with Im sorry about I must apologise about Im not at all happy about the windows. Im very sorry about the windows. Im not satisfied with the painting. I must apologise about the painting. 6spend time doing 表示业余活动时间安排（Unit 8）Jack spends under a third of his free time doing housework.Jack spends a large proportion of his time sleeping. 1. Jack spends two hours _ housework. (04年7月题) A. do B. to do C. done D. doing Key: D2. She likes to spend time _ with her grandchildren. (Unit 12题) a. play b. to play c. playing Key: C3. I have spent a lot of time _ working on this problem. (Unit 12题) a. at b. / c. on Key: B4. Stan spent half a year _ material for his new book. A. to collect b. collect c. collecting d. collected Key: C7用祈使句，should, 虚拟语气表达指令和忠告（Unit 10） 用祈使句表达指令，口气较生硬。Open the door, please, could you? Always take the stairs. 用should 提出忠告，表示“应该如何”。 You should look for exercise opportunities all the time. The patient should not be moved. 用虚拟条件句提出更有礼貌的忠告。If the machine were slower, you wouldnt get dizzy. If I were you, I would help them.练习：_ every day for 20 minutes. (04年7月题) a. Exercise b. To exercise c. Should exercise D. Exercising Key: A三、Units 7-12中主要学习的词汇知识：每个unit后的词汇表内列出的词汇都是本课程应该掌握的词汇。以下是本阶段所学习的分类词汇。1形容词与介词的搭配（Unit 7）be angry about（生气）, be appalled by（惊骇），be concerned about（关注），be disappointed with（失望），be dissatisfied with（不满意），be pleased with（高兴），be responsible for（对负责任），be sorry about （抱歉），be surprised by（惊讶），be tired of（厌倦），be unacceptable to（不可接受），be unhappy about（不高兴），be worried about（担心），be upset by (心烦意乱) 1. The doctor was always _ the poor and the sick, often giving them free medical services. a. reminded of b. absorbed in c. tended by d. concerned about Key: D2. The president claimed the terrorists should be responsible _ the explosions that happened last month in London. a. for b. on c. at d. about Key: A3. John Preston was tired _ living in east London, in which he had moved after his wifes death. a. to b. of c. at d. for Key: B 2描述位置、方位（Unit 7） in the north/ south/ east/ west of , in the centre/ in the suburbs on the edge of the town 在城镇的边缘, further out 较远离 rural/ urban/ suburban area乡下/市区/郊区1. Shanghai is _ the east of China. (06年1月题) A. at B. in C. on D. along Key: B2. That place is _ the south of the city. (Unit 12题) A. at B. in C. on Key: B3表达数量（Units 8） a large proportion of (很大比例的), a small proportion of (很小比例的) the majority of (多数的), a minority of (少数的) over (多于); under (少于); more than (多于); less than (少于) 1. _ majority of students have read the novel. (06年1月题) A. The B. A C. One D. / Key: A2. _ majority of people agree with him. (Unit 12题) A. The B. A C. / Key: A4与住房相关的词汇（Unit 7） chimney 烟囱, doors 门, gate 大门, roof 屋顶, path 小路, window frames 窗框, windowpanes 窗玻璃, steps 台阶, bedroom 卧室, dining-room 餐厅, bathroom 浴室, living-room 起居室, kitchen 厨房, lounge 休息室, study 书房, toilet 厕所, hall 门厅, garage 车库, garden 花园, detached house 独立式房, semi-detached house 半独立式房, terrace house 连排房, tower block 塔楼, studio flat 单室公寓, farmhouse 农舍, cottage 村舍,别墅, bungalow 平房, flat 公寓 5描述体重和饮食的词汇（Unit 10）weight goes up 体重上升, weight goes down 体重下降, to put on weight 体重增加, to lose weight 体重减轻, to be on a diet 节食(状态), to go on a diet 节食(行为), to keep weight off 保持体重不增长四、 Units 7-12中谈论的话题：（每单元的题目）Unit 7 An English mans Home is His Castle 我爱我家Unit 8 Leisure, Work and Animals 休闲活动与宠物Unit 9 The Olympic Games 奥运会Unit 10 Health and Leisure 健康与休闲Unit 11 Health Care, and Travel and Health 保健与健康五、Units 7-12中的Cultural Notes（文化点滴）Unit 7 DIY 自己动手做 (P. 95)Unit 8 Voluntary Work 志愿者工作 (P. 112)Unit 9 Baron de Coubertin and IOC 顾拜旦与国际奥委会 (P. 130)Unit 10 Overweight and Obese 关于肥胖 (P. 146)Unit 11 About NHS 国民保健制度 (P. 157)六、Units 7-12中的书面表达练习1期末复习指导样题（书面表达）假设你是一位顾客, 在一家商店买了一台彩色电视机。回家后发现没有图象，经过与商场营业员交涉，没有得到满意解决，你向商场经理Mr Gao写一封70 90词的投诉信，将你的问题和希望得到的解决方法告诉他。学生1 ：Dear Mr Gao, Im writing to you to complain about the colour TV set which I bought from your shop last week. After I brought it home, I found that there was no image at all. I talked to your shop assistant about this problem, but I havent received any satisfactory reply yet. So I bring up this issue to you. I hope to exchange it with a new TV set. Im looking forward to your prompt reply. Yours sincerely, Mary Brown学生2 ：Dear Mr Gao,Im writing to you to complain about the bad quality of the colour TV set which I bought from you shop last week. Yesterday, I found it simply didnt work. There was no picture shown on the screen when I switched it on. As this TV set is still under guarantee, I hope you can send me a new one. Otherwise, Ill get my money back. Im looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. Yours sincerely, Mary Brown学生3 ：Dear Mr Gao, As a customer, I am writing to you to complain about the colour TV set that I bought from you market. When I brought it back home, I found it had no picture. Although I talked about this problem with the salesman, but I didnt get a satisfactory solution. So I have to write to you. You must check it and put it right or exchange another one for me. Otherwise you should refund me the money I paid. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Mary Brown2中央电大2005年7月“开放本科”期末考试英语II（1）试题 （书面表达）写一段70-80词的短文描述你是如何保持身体健康的。要求包括以下内容：1 锻炼身体的场所、方式。2 如何抓住余暇时间进行锻炼。3 保养身体的一些秘诀。学生1：I work for the Bank of China. My work is very hard, but I didnt use to be healthy, so I started going to the gym last year. Since then I have kept doing exercise everyday and I have been on a diet. Now I am feeling really good. If you want to be healthy, you should do something like me. I go to the gym and get a personal trainer, and I always walk through the park. I have fruit for breakfast and never eat too much fat. I dont smoke. That is very important to keep you healthy. 学生2：I am very happy because I am healthy. Do you know how to keep fit? If you do in the following ways, you will be as healthy as me. 1. Do exercise at any place allowed. For example, you can do exercise at home, at school, in the park. You can swim in the sea, play football on the school playground, and even on bed, you can do some exercise. 2. Do exercise at any time. It need not keep you very long. For example, you can walk up stairs to the office. When you feel tired, you can stop your work to do some exercise. 3. Go to bed early and get up early. Dont eat too much fat food. Drink more water and eat more vegetables. Thats my secret to keep fit. 学生3： .Doing exercise is good for health. I like doing sports, for example, playing table tennis, swimming, running and so on. I usually do exercise three times a week. Running is my favourite sport. I get up early in the morning, and then I run to the park. The fresh air makes me feel good. After finishing running, I feel energetic. I know one tip to keep us healthy. Whats it? Keep doing exercise, eat more vegetables and drink more water. 3. 写投诉信（1） 假设你是A. Banister, 你对正在你家进行的装修工程感到不满意，你向经理Mr Townsend 写一封70-80词的投诉信，将你的问题和所作的决定告诉他。（Unit 7 Activity 19）（2） 假设你是游客Mary Brown, 你曾于元月14，15日住在Hotel Royal，你对那里的住宿感到不满意，你向经理（不知姓名和性别）写一封70-80词的投诉信，将你遇到的问题和希望得到的解决方法告诉他。（Unit 12 Activity 8） 该题的具体要求 内容要点（1）你遇到的问题；（2）你的决定或希望得到解决的方法。 运用时态和