高考英语 unit 1 Unit 1 Great scientists Reading优秀课件.ppt

人教课标版高二必修5 unit1greatscientists reading warmingup therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld canyounamesomeofthem whatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscience dotheseachievementshaveanythingincommon matchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelowbeforeyouanswerallthesequestions alexanderbellelectricitythomasedisonthefirsttelephonelaitebrotherstheelectriclampmadamecurieblackholesinuniversefranklintheoryofgravitystevenhawkingthefirstplaneelberteinsteinradiumisaacnewtonthetheoryofrelativity whoishe heis archimedes 阿基米德 whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat charlesdarwin whoishe heis whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged thomasnewcomen whoishe heis whoinventedthefirststeamengine gregormendel whoishe heis whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren mariecurie whoishe heis whodiscoveredradium thomasedison whoishe heis whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities leonardodavinci whoishe heis whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople humphrydavy whoishe heis whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground 张衡 whoishe heis whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened stephenhawking whoishe heis whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes lead in supplythefollowingwordswithdetail johnsnowcholera johnsnow 1813 1858 johnsnowwasborninyorkonmarch15th 1813 theoldestofninechildren york london hisfatherworkedasalaborer whilepoor hisparentsweredeterminedtogivetheirchildrenwhatevereducationalopportunitiestheycouldafford hewaseducatedataprivateschoolinhisnativecityuntiltheageoffourteen whenhewasapprenticed 当学徒 towilliamhardcastle asurgeon 外科医生 livingatnewcastle on tyne afterservingforashorttimeasasurgeonandunqualifiedassistantduringthecholeraepidemicof1831 1982 hebecameinoctober1836astudentatthehunterianschoolofmedicineingreatwindmillstreet london hebegantoattendthemedicalpracticeatthewestminsterhospitalinthefollowingoctober hegraduatedm d oftheuniversityoflondonon20dec 1844 andin1850hewasadmittedalicentiateoftheroyalcollegeofphysicians hedesignedachloroforminhaler 氯仿吸入器 describedinhisbook onchloroformandotheranesthetics publishedin1858 dr snowwasalsoaprominentanesthesiologist 麻醉师 whatelsewashefamousfor whatischolera choleraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledvibriacholerae itinfectspeople sintestines 肠 causingdiarrhea 腹泻 vomitingandlegcramps themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminatedwiththebacteria afteradisaster thisisaveryrealdanger sinceregular cleanwaterandfoodsuppliesareoftenunavailable thediseasecanbespreadevenfurtherbyinfectedpeopleusingalreadydirtywatersourcestocleanthemselvesordisposeofwaste choleracanbemildorevenwithoutsymptoms aseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment thediarrheaandvomitingbroughtonbytheinfectionquicklyleavesthebodywithoutenoughfluid thefollowingdehydration 脱水 andshockcankillapersonwithinhours lookatthepicture thetitleandthemap guesswhatisthecontentofthetext thenskimitquicklytoseeifyouwereright whenwewanttosolvesomeproblem firstweshouldfindtheproblem dosomeresearchonit proveyourfinding andthenmakeaconclusion thisisascientificandobjectivewayofresearching 1 whatorderwouldyouputthesevenin pre reading pleaseputthe7stagesinrightorderaccordingtothepassage infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem 2 whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases repel 回避 maybeexposedtoaninfectiousdiseases somayanimals suchasbirdflu aids sarsareinfectiousdiseases infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure choleraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledvariancholera ifinfectspeople sintestines 肠胃 causingdiarrhea vomitingandlegcramps 腹痛 3 whatdoyouknowaboutcholera themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated 污染 withthebacteria choleracanbemild 不严重的 orevenwithoutsymptoms 症状 butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment germany greatbritain deathoffirstcholeracaseinlondonduringthe1848 49epidemic london previouscholeraepidemicingreatbritainin1831 32 thespreadofcholera johnsnowdefeats kingcholera whatistheproblem cholerawasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood what sthecauseofcholera makeaquestion twotheories 1 choleramultipliedintheair acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims 2 peopleabsorbeditwiththeirmeals broadstreet manydeathshappenedhere nodeathhappenedhere thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame publichouse small white flocculentparticles thewaterwasfromtheriverwhichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromlondon findsupportingevidence whatextraevidencedidhefind awomanandherdaughterwholivedfarawaybutdrankthewateralsodied drawaconclusionwithcertainty thepollutedwatercarriedthevirus i readthetextcarefullyandfillintheblanks manypeoplediedofcholera johnsnowtriedtofindoutits and peopledrankwaterfromthepumpin street mostdied cause cure broad comprehending familiesweregivenfreebeerinthepubat street peopleremovedthe fromthewaterpump peoplehadno thedisease cambridge deaths handle sloweddown watercarriedthedisease theory2thatpeople thediseasewiththeirmealsprovedright andtheory1waswrong thesourceofallthewatersupplies polluted absorbed examine ii true t orfalse f 1 cholerawouldneverbecontrolledevenifitscausewasfound 2 thediseaseattackedthebodyquicklyfromthestomachandsoontheaffectedpersondied 3 johnsnowbegantocollecttheinformationbeforethediseasespread f t f 4 intwoparticularstreets 500peoplediedin10dayswhenanotheroutbreakhitlondonin1854 5 deathsofthewomanandherdaughterwerelinkedtothebroadstreetoutbreak 6 onlyordinarypeoplediedwhencholerabrokeout f t f iii choosethebestanswers 1 what sthepurposeofthetext a toshowushowdifficultitwastofindacureforcholera b totellushowjohnsnowfoundthecauseofcholeraandthecureforit c toshowushowdifficultitwastocarryoutexperimentsatthattime d totellusthewaycholeraspreadandhowseriousitwas 2 whatinspiredjohnsnowaccordingtothefirstparagraph beingqueenvictoria spersonalphysician b findingwherecholerahappened c helpingordinarypeoplewhosufferedfromcholera 3 what stheuseofjohnsnow smapinhisresearch tohelphimfindthenumberofdeadpeople b tohelphimnotlosehisway c tohelphimfindthereasonofthecholeraoutbreak 4 whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext a johnsnowbecamefamousaftercholerahitenglandinthe19thcentury b johnsnowbegantocollectinformationlongbeforecholerahitenglandinthe19thcentury c themotherandherdaughtermentionedinthetextbothlivedinbroadstreet d johnsnowfeltunsureaboutthecauseofcholeraafterhefinishedthemap 5 whywascholeracalled kingcholera inthetext a becausecholeracausedmanydeaths b becauseitgotitsnamefromqueenvictoria c becausecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday d becauseitwasdefeatedwiththehelpoftheking 6 anothertitleofthetextmightbe johnsnowandcholerathediscoveryofcholerac johnsnow agreatscientist whatshouldyoudoifyou retravellingtoacountrythathasacholeraoutbreak drinkonlywaterthatyouhaveboiledortreatedwithchlorineoriodine othersafedrinksincludeteaorcoffeemadewithboiledwaterandcarbonated bottledbeverageswithnoice eatonlyfoodthat sbeenthoroughlycookedandisstillhot orfruitthatyou vepeeledyourself avoidundercookedorrawfishandshellfish avoidrawsaladsandvegetables avoidfoodanddrinksfro