公共管理英语(修订版)-顾建光-教学内容

公共管理英语 修订版 PublicManagementEnglish 顾建光主编 4 StateandMarket WordsandExpressionsprivatesector私营部门 民营部门togenerate产生 造成judicialservices法律服务know hown 技术秘诀regulationn 管制oversightn 疏忽 失察entrepreneurn 企业家grossnationalincome GNI 国民总收入Euromoneyn 欧洲货币 4 StateandMarket WordsandExpressionscreditworthinessn 信贷价值publicsector公共部门vibrant充满活力的 活跃的tolevy征税progressivityn 进步incentiven 动机monopolyn 垄断budgetn 预算accessibilityn 可达性 可获得性affordabilityn 可承担 可负担性stark完全的 巨大的 4 StateandMarket CreatingtheConditionsforPrivateSectorDevelopmentPrivatefirmsgeneratejobsandbringgrowthtotheentireeconomy thebiggestfactorinreducingpoverty Buttodosotheyneedasoundinvestmentclimate withgoodmacroeconomicmanagement tradeandinvestmentpoliciesthatpromoteopenness andgoodqualityinfrastructureandservices Theyalsoneedalegalandregulatorysystemthatsupportsthedaytodayoperationsoffirmsbyprotectingpropertyrights promotingaccesstocredit andensuringefficienttax customs andjudicialservices 4 StateandMarket 学生试译 4 StateandMarket Telecommunicationshasreceivedthelargestshareofinvestmentinprojectswithprivateparticipation 44percentofthetotalin1990 2001 withwaterandsanitation considereda basicneeds sector receivingonlyasmallfraction 5percent 学生试译 4 StateandMarket Thecaseforcreatingagoodinvestmentclimateissimple aneconomyneedsapredictableenvironmentinwhichpeople ideas andmoneycanworktogetherproductivelyandefficiently Countriesshouldfocusonimprovingtheinvestmentclimatefordomesticentrepreneurs butabetterinvestmentclimatewillalsoattractforeigninvestors 4 StateandMarket 学生试译 4 StateandMarket DesigningPublicSectorPoliciestoEnhancePrivateActivityAsglobalcompetitionhasincreasedinthepasttwodecades thegovernmentsofmanydevelopingcountrieshaveshiftedtheirfocusfromtryingtopreservejobsinastagnantpublicsectortocreatingjobsinavibrantprivatesector Governmentsarenowinthebusinessofdesigningandimplementinggoodpoliciesandstronginstitutionsthatenhancethebusinessandinvestmentclimate 4 StateandMarket 学生试译 4 StateandMarket Governmentfunctionsandpoliciesaffectmanyareasofsocialandeconomiclife healthandeducation naturalresourcesandenvironmentalprotection fiscalandmonetarystability andflowsoftrade Datarelatedtothesetopicsarepresentedintherespectivesections Thissectionprovidesdataonkeypublicsectoractivities taxpolicy exchangerates anddefenseexpenditures 4 StateandMarket 学生试译 4 StateandMarket TappingtheBenefitsofInfrastructure Information andTelecommunicationsHighqualityinfrastructureandotherbusinessserviceshelpdeterminethesuccessofmanufacturingandagriculturalbusinesses Investmentsinwater sanitation energy housing andtransportimprovehealthandeducationandhelpreducepoverty Andnewinformationandcommunicationstechnologiesoffervastopportunitiesforeconomicgrowth improvedhealth betterservicedelivery learningthroughdistanceeducation andsocialandculturaladvances 4 StateandMarket 学生试译 4 StateandMarket EssentialtobuildingaknowledgeeconomyisensuringaccessforalltocomputersandtheInternet Thedigitaldividebetweenrichandpooreconomies thegapinaccesstoinformationandcommunicationstechnology remainswide withhigh incomeeconomieshaving416personalcomputersper1 000peopleandlow incomeeconomiesonly6per1 000 Evenso ownershipofpersonalcomputersisgrowingtwiceasfastindevelopingasinhigh incomeeconomies Largegapsalsoexistamongde