新一代大学生英语2期末考试资料汇总

Unit1 一 1 Leaders often have charismacharisma an attractive quality that makes other people admire them and want to follow them Para 2 领导者通常有魅力 一种吸引人的品质 使别人钦佩他们 并想追 随他们 2 A person who has a n brilliantbrilliant mind can do extraordinary things that no one with a normal mind can imagine Para 2 一个有聪明头脑的人能做常人无法想象的非凡的事情 3 It matters little whether people are physically beautiful or uglyugly Because people s minds and souls are more important Para 2 人的外表是美是丑并不重要 因为人的思想和灵魂更重要 4 When faced with awkwardawkward questions in a conversation we often get stuck Para 3 当我们在谈话中遇到尴尬的问题时 我们常常会陷入困境 5 Unfortunately this apparently straightforwardstraightforward question turns out to be harder to answer than one might suppose Para 3 不幸的是 这个显而易见的简单问题比人们想象的要难回答 6 We cannot attempt to predict all the toughtough questions children will ask Para 9 我们不能预测孩子们会问的所有难题 二 1 usingusing a a counter examplecounter example to a proposition or claim is to use an example that proves that the proposition or claim is not true 对一个命题或主张使用反例就是用一个例子来证明这个命题或主张 是不正确的 2 In order to challenge opinions on one issue and make yours reasonable you should debatedebate theirtheir ideasideas 为了在一个问题上挑战你的观点并使你的观点合理 你应该辩论他 们的观点 3 When you have to beginbegin a a conversationconversation with nothing to talk about you may ty to ask brief questions tell an interesting story or make some random comments 当你不得不开始一段没有什么可谈的谈话时 你可以问一些简短的 问题 讲一个有趣的故事 或者随意发表一些评论 4 In order to questionquestion thethe assumptionassumption of Aristotle that the heavier object has a higher failing speed Galileo did an experiment in the Leaning Tower of Pisa 为了质疑亚里士多德的假设 即较重的物体有较高的失败速度 伽 利略在比萨斜塔做了一个实验 5 A paper published in Physics Today challenges how physics taught and states that teaching fails to revealreveal thethe limitslimits of our understanding 今日物理学 上发表的一篇论文对物理学的教学提出了挑战 指 出教学不能揭示我们理解的极限 6 In London where the family was reduced to poverty Karl Marx continued writing his theories to explore and understandunderstand thethe naturenature of society 在伦敦 这个家庭陷入贫困的地方 卡尔 马克思继续写他的理论 来探索和理解社会的本质 三 1 Huxley was at first an opponent of any evolutionary change at all but after reading the Origin of Species he got tied on inin knots and his reaction was How stupid of me not to have thought of that 赫胥黎起初反对任何进化上的改变 但读了 物种起源 后 他感 到很困惑 他的反应是 我真愚蠢 竟然没有想到这一点 2 Dr Dewdney looked closely at eight problems that reveal the limitations limitslimits of human understanding in his new book 杜尼博士在他的新书中仔细研究了揭示人类理解的局限性的八个问 题 3 As Socrates prized student Plato came under Socrates spell at about 20 decicling to devote himself for to to philosophy 作为苏格拉底的得意门生 柏拉图在 20 岁左右就被苏 格拉底迷住了 决定献身于哲学 4 Freudian scholar Donald Levy argues that some critics fail to understand the naturenature feature and importance of the concepts of resistance and transference 移情 and that their critique of Freud s scientific credibility is incoherent 4 弗洛伊德学者唐纳德 利维认为 一些批评人士无法理解的性质和 重要性阻力和移情的概念 移情 而他们批判弗洛伊德的科学信誉是 不连贯的 5 The role of the newly built center is to provide a cross disciplinary forum wherein scholars gather to exchange and dispute debatedebate ideas generated from the areas of philosophy history politics sociology as well as international and cultural studies 新成立的中心的作用是提供一个跨学科的论坛 在这里学者们聚集 在一起交流和 争论 辩论 来自哲学 历史 政治 社会学以及国 际和文化研究领域的观点 6 Unlike those who came before him Kepler questioned the conception assumption that planets moved in uniform circular motion replacing it with elliptical 椭圆形的 motion 与那些出现在他面前 开普勒质疑 概念 假设 行星在匀速圆周运 动中 代之以椭圆 椭圆形的 运动 Unit3 一 1 Conversation skills are necessary in social interaction if you want others to react positively positively 如果你想让别人做出积极积极的反应 在社交活动中使用会话技巧是必 要的 2 Children could not acquire a language solelysolely on the basis of the linguistic input they receive 儿童不能仅仅根据根据他们所接受的语言输入来习得一门语言 3When you get hopelesslyhopelessly lost in city you can only turn to others for help 当你在城市里失去希望失去希望时 你只能向别人寻求帮助 4 Language and human culture probablyprobably evolved together 语言和人类文化可能可能是一起进化的 5 some people believe that human being are instinctivelyinstinctively self centered 有些人认为人类天生天生以自我为中心 二 1 A rude person can never gaingain respectrespect andand affectionaffection from other people 粗鲁的人永远得得不到别人的尊重和爱戴尊重和爱戴 2 If you use language appropriately the person you speak to may reactreact toto what you say more positivelypositively 如果你恰当地使用语言 与你交谈的人可能会对你说的话做出更积做出更积 极的反应极的反应 3 Don t you think a polite way of asking for help givegive peoplepeople warmerwarmer feelingsfeelings 你不认为礼貌的请求帮助的方式会给人更温暖的感觉给人更温暖的感觉吗 4 A polite request will help you getget a a betterbetter responseresponse from others 一个礼貌的请求会帮助你得到得到别人更好的回应更好的回应 5 Proper choice of words will enrichenrich one sone s socialsocial conversationconversation and help you make more friends 适当的用词会丰富一个人的社交谈话丰富一个人的社交谈话 并帮助你交到更多的朋友 三 1 She used to be an elementary school teacher and naturally gravitategravitate towardtoward children 她曾经是一名小学教师 天生就喜欢喜欢孩子 2 People tend to pullpull awayaway fromfrom those who disagree with them 人们倾向于远离远离那些不同意他们观点的人 3 You cannot always translatetranslate what others have said intointo terms of what he wants to get from me 你不能总是把别人说的话翻译成翻译成 他想从我这里得到什么 4 Being self centeredself centered will make you lose friends and miss out on meaningful connections 以自我为中心以自我为中心会让你失去朋友 失去有意义的联系 5 The you orientedyou oriented principle in communication will help you establish a friendly rapport with other people 沟通中以你为中心以你为中心的原则会帮助你与他人建立友好的关系 6 A powerful approach to learning to love is to practice puttingputting others firstfirst 学习爱的一个有效方法就是把把别人放在第一位放在第一位 7 The ugliness of our self centeredness is easily camouflagecamouflage in the motives and methods for our success 我们以自我为中心的丑陋很容易隐藏隐藏在我们成功的动机和方法中 Unit4 一 1 in case of a n criminalcriminal medicalmedical emergency you should call 911 in the United States Para 2 在美国 如果发生刑事医疗刑事医疗紧急情况 你应该拨打 911 2 This study examines major newspaper coverage of infamousinfamous cases of school violence 这项研究调查了主要报纸对臭名昭著臭名昭著的校园暴力事件的报道 Para 6 3 Treason was once and should be still the most shockingshocking crime of which a person could be accused worse than picking pockets or robbing banks because t involves the betrayal of the entire society in which one lives Para 7 叛国罪曾经是 现在也应该是 一个人可能被指控的最令人震惊令人震惊的 罪行 比扒窃或抢劫银行还要严重 因为叛国罪涉及对他所生活 的整个社会的背叛 4 If you comecome acrossacross an emergency situation that requires your immediate attention the first thing to do is to stay back and check the area for danger Para 1 如果你遇到遇到紧急情况 需要你立即注意 第一件事是待在后面 检 查该地区是否有危险 5 should you feel in any way unsafe or observeobserve an incident that concerns you please report the matter to Campus Control Para 1 如果你有任何不安全的感觉 或发现发现与你有关的事件 请向校园管 理部门报告 6 Since you may be facedfaced withwith an emergency sometime in your life it s important that you know how to recognize an emergency and how to respond Para 3 由于你在生活中可能会遇到遇到紧急情况 所以知道如何识别紧急情况 并做出反应是很重要的 二 1 New York City Mayor called on President Obama to taketake immediate actionaction on gun violence following the shooting in Connecticut which killed 28 people including 20 children 纽约市长呼吁奥巴马总统立即对枪支暴力采取行动采取行动 此前 康涅狄 格州发生枪击案 造成 28 人死亡 其中包括 20 名儿童 2 Seeing the aircraft in flames a fireman at the airport telephoned the fire brigade for more help and went to offeroffer assistanceassistance 看到飞机着火了 机场的一名消防员打电话给消防队寻求更多帮助 并前去提供帮助提供帮助 3 Mediators were standing by prepared to the labor dispute even interveneintervene inin though both sides had refused earlier offers of assistance 调解员在一旁待命 准备处理劳资纠纷 甚至介入介入调解 尽管双方 早先都拒绝提供援助 4 Celebrity chef Nigella Lawson was photographed being gripped around the neck by a man believed to be her husband in a London restaurant and everyone there waswas reluctantreluctant toto getget involvedinvolved 名厨尼格拉 劳森被拍到在伦敦的一家餐馆里被一名据信是她丈夫 的男子掐住脖子 在场的每个人都不愿参与其中不愿参与其中 5 Researchers found that dolphins may not bebe afraidafraid toto endangerendanger oneselfoneself to rescue trapped dolphins lifting an injured dolphin to the water s surface to help it breathe 研究人员发现 海豚可能并不害怕冒险并不害怕冒险营救被困海豚 它们把受伤 的海豚抬到水面帮助它呼吸 6 Sometimes people turn their back to others cry for help because they fearfear gettinggetting caughtcaught up inup in a situation beyond their control 有时候 人们因为害怕陷入无法控制的害怕陷入无法控制的境地而不理睬别人的求助 Unit5 一 A 1 By capturing the market place the company will ensureensure survivalsurvival andand prosperityprosperity 通过占领市场 公司将确保生存和繁荣确保生存和繁荣 2 To win all without fighting in the business world is to achieveachieve marketmarket dominancedominance 在商业世界中不战而胜 就是取得市场主导地位取得市场主导地位 3 Companies with dominant market share in an industry segment or an entire industry and are more able to setset thethe industry sindustry s standardsstandards andand definedefine thethe playingplaying fieldfield 在某一行 业或整个行业中占有主导市场份额的公司更能制定行业标准 定义制定行业标准 定义 竞争环境竞争环境 B 1 With higherhigher customercustomer loyaltyloyalty the company will see customers returning to purchase again and persuading others to use its products or services 随着顾客忠诚度的提高顾客忠诚度的提高 公司将会看到顾客再次购买 并劝说他人 使用其产品或服务 2 To sell goods in largerlarger volumesvolumes is a common practice of supermarkets to increase sales revenue 大批量大批量销售商品是超市增加销售收入的一种常见做法 3 Many companies seek to achieve betterbetter economieseconomies ofof scalescale by becoming large or even dominant producers of a particular type of product or service 许多公司通过成为某一特定产品或服务的大型生产商 甚至是主要 生产商来寻求更好的规模经济更好的规模经济 4 Leading firms of an industry are characterized by strongerstronger distributiondistribution capabilitiescapabilities usually through more distribution channels and webs 一个行业的龙头企业具有较强的分销能力较强的分销能力 通常通过更多的分销渠 道和网络 二 1 gain a position Para 5 获得一个职位 第 5 段 2 establish an excellent competitive position Para 6 建立良好的竞争地位 第 6 段 3 achieve a dominant position Para 7 取得优势地位 第 7 段 4 create a strong defensive position Para 9 创建一个强大的防御位置 第 9 段 5 find a defensible position Para 9 找一个可以防守的位置 第 9 段 6 What other expressions with position do you know can be used to describe a company s situation in market competition Hold a position get a position maintain the position 三 d small companies 小公司 1They began as seedlings but used creative strategy to bring value to the marketplace grew quickly and continued doing business successfully for a number of years 他们从幼苗开始 但运用创造性的策略为市场带来价值 迅速成长 并持续成功地经营了数年 c are closely related 是紧密相关的 2 In addition substantial data and research have shown that market share and profitability go hand in a number of industry environments 此外 大量的数据和研究表明 在许多行业环境中 市场份额和盈 利能力是密不可分的 b set the standards 制定标准 3 Microsoft s dominance of the software market for personal computer operating systems has enabled it to call the tune that other computer system companies application software companies and PC hardware firms have danced to for the last decade 微软在个人电脑操作系统软件市场的主导地位 使得它能够像其他 电脑系统公司 应用软件公司和个人电脑硬件公司在过去 10 年里所 跳的舞蹈一样 掌握自己的节奏 a take action 一个采取行动 4 Microsoft s CEO and chief strategist William H Gates ll has been able to influence the industry so effectively that it is difficult for any firm to make a move without considering how Microsoft will react 微软的首席执行官兼首 席战略官威廉 H 盖茨能够有效地影响整个行业 任何公司在不考 虑微软将如何反应的情况下都很难采取行动 Unit 6 一 1 Increasingly the traditional print has been supplementedsupplemented by digital books and journals 越来越多的数字书籍和期刊补充补充了传统的印刷形式 2 The invention of paper displaceddisplaced the use of bamboo and wood as writing material 纸的发明取代取代了竹子和木头作为书写材料的使用 3 The traditional Chinese brush was almost abandonedabandoned as a writing tool in daily use 传统的毛笔在日常生活中几乎被放弃被放弃作为书写工具 4 Can you imagine goinggoing backback toto quill pens as the major tool of writing 你能想象回到回到羽毛笔作为主要书写工具的时代吗 5 Digital products are now easily discardeddiscarded by their owners due to high obsolescence rates 报废率 现在数码产品容易被主人丢弃丢弃的由于高报废率 报废率 6 Brushes have been replacedreplaced by fountain pens or pencils in Chinese classroom writing 在汉语课堂写作中 毛笔已被钢笔或铅笔所取代取代 二 1 It is hard for elder people to makemake thethe transitiontransition fromfrom traditional handwriting toto pressing a computer keyboard 对于老年人来说 从从传统的书写方式过渡到过渡到使用电脑键盘是很困难 的 2 Writing instruments have gonegone throughthrough manymany changeschanges in human history 书写工具在人类历史上经历了许多变化经历了许多变化 3 The term future shock refers to the perception of those who havehave experiencedexperienced tootoo muchmuch changechange within a short period of time 未来冲击 一词指的是那些在短时间内经历了太多变化经历了太多变化的人的看 法 4 Personal computers have undergoneundergone majormajor alterationsalterations over the decades 个人电脑在过去的几十年里经历了巨大的变化经历了巨大的变化 三 1 People in modern times tend to turnturn theirtheir backsbacks on handmade products and embrace mass produced ones 在现代社会 人们倾向于拒绝拒绝手工制品 转而接受大批量生产的产 品 2 Some teachers are skepticalskeptical of technology rich classrooms 一些老师对技术含量高的教室持怀疑怀疑态度 3 Electronic products are being repudiatedrepudiated by those people who lament the good old days 那些哀叹过去美好时光的人正在否定否定电子产品 4 The thought of shopping online has filledfilled many senior people withwith dread dread 一想到网上购物 许多老年人就充满了恐惧充满了恐惧 四 The instruments used for writing have undergone great changes throughout human history In ancient times man used a bone tool reed brushes and metal stylus 铁笔 to write on clay tablets papyrus 纸莎草纸 scrolls or sheets of wax The 1 1 quillquill penpen made from a bird feather was introduced around 700 and dominated for the longest period in history over 1 000 years By the late 19th century the newly invented 2 2 fountainfountain penpen had replaced quill pens The modern version of the ballpoint pen was invented in the 1930s 用于写作的工具在整个人类历史上都发生了巨大的变化在古代 男人 用骨工具 里德刷子和金属笔写在泥板 纸莎草 卷轴 或张蜡 1 介绍了羽毛笔一只鸟羽毛制成的约 700 和主导历史上 最长的时期 在 1000 年 到 19 世纪末 新发明的 2 钢笔吗 已经取 代了鹅毛笔 现代版的圆珠笔是在 20 世纪 30 年代发明的 With the development of technology new types of writing instruments were invented After going into commercial production in the 18705 3 3 typewritertypewriter quickly became indispensable tools for practically al writing other than personal correspondence By the end of the 1980s 4 4 wordword processorprocessor and personal computers had largely displaced typewriters in many parts of the world As touchscreens and 5 5 keyboardkeyboard make traditional writing instruments less and less necessary the latest 6 voice recognition technology may further reduce our use of hands while keeping records 随着科技的发展 新型书写工具被发明出来 进入商业化生产在 18705 年之后 3 打字机迅速成为不可或缺的工具 实际上 al 写作 以外的个人信件 1980 年代末 4 文字处理软件和个人电脑在很大 程度上取代了打字机在世界的许多地方 as 触摸屏和键盘 5 使传 统书写工具越来越有必要 最新的 6 语音识别技术可能会进一步减 少我们使用手的同时保持记录 Unit7 一 1 doctor prescribeddoctor prescribed suicidesuicide and euthanasia are now legal and widely practiced in the Netherlands 医生处方的自杀医生处方的自杀和安乐死现在是合法的 并且在荷兰被广泛实施 2 Legal and medical experts claim that the sick and disabled will be able to buy legallylegally prescribedprescribed drugsdrugs at the chemist if the law is changed to allow assisted dying 法律和医学专家声称 如果法律允许协助死亡 那么病人和残疾人 将能够在药店购买到合法的处方药合法的处方药 3 According to a new survey more than one fifth of doctors would be willing to assistassist patientspatients inin suicidesuicide if it were legal to do so 根据一项新的调查 如果自杀是合法的 超过五分之一的医生愿意 帮助病人自杀帮助病人自杀 4 While public opinion polls show that a majority of Americans favor legalizationlegalization ofof assistedassisted suicidesuicide new research finds that only about six percent of doctors who regularly treat terminally ill patients have helped them hasten their deaths 虽然民意调查显示 大多数美国人赞成协助自杀合法化协助自杀合法化 但是新的 研究发现 在经常治疗绝症患者的医生中 只有大约 6 的人帮助他 们加速死亡 5 The Us Supreme Court has ruled that states can passpass lawslaws which permit physician assisted suicide and that individuals have a right to take advantage of these laws if they wish 美国最高法院裁定 各州可以通过通过允许医生协助自杀的法律法律 如果 个人愿意 他们有权利用这些法律 二 1 There is considerable evidence suggesting aspirin 阿司匹 林 can reduce the risk of getting or dyingdying fromfrom many different types of cancer 有大量证据表明阿司匹林 阿司匹林 可以减少风险的或死于死于许多不 同类型的癌症 2 It was his family s intention that the boy should receive proper medical treatment or at the very least passpass awayaway withwith dignitydignity 他的家人打算让这个男孩接受适当的治疗 或者至少带着尊严离开带着尊严离开 人世人世 3 According to the American Cancer Society about one in six men in the United States will bebe diagnoseddiagnosed withwith prostate 前列腺 cancer during their lifetime 根据美国癌症协会 六分之一的男性在美国被诊断为被诊断为前列腺癌 前列 腺 癌症一生中 4 The organization Dignity in Dying has said it ultimately wants British law changed to allow the terminallyterminally illill the choice of assisted death 死亡尊严 组织表示 他们最终希望修改英国法律 允许绝症绝症患 者选择协助死亡 5 Demonstrators planned a rally last Thursday to bringbring attentionattention toto spark spark interestinterest inin the debate of physician assisted suicide and euthanasia 上周四 示威者计划举行一场集会 以引起引起人们对医生协助自杀和 安乐死辩论的关注 的关注 6 Even though only a handful of countries allow certain individuals to take their own lives with a doctor s help most in the West now seem ready to movemove thethe needleneedle onon assisted suicide for the terminally ill 尽管只有少数几个国家允许某些人在医生的帮助下结束自己的生命 但现在大多数西方国家似乎已经准备好为绝症患者实施实施协助自杀 7 An 85 year old Canadian woman in the early stages of dementia made headlines by choosing to end her own life before her symptoms progressed and broughtbrought attentionattention toto sparked sparked interestinterest inin the long controversial issue of doctor assisted suicide 一名 85 岁的加拿大妇女因在痴呆症早 期选择在症状恶化前结束自己的生命而登上头条 并引起引起了人们对 医生协助自杀这一长期以来备受争议的问题的关注关注 翻译 UNITUNIT 1 1 The word philosopher comes from the Greek words meaning love of wisdom The Western tradition in philosophy spread from ancient Greece across large parts of the world at time cross fertilized by ideas from the East The kind of wisdom that it values is based on argument reasoning and asking question not on believing things simply because someone important has told you they are true Wisdom for Socrates was not knowing lots of facts or knowing how to do something It meant understanding the true nature of our existence including the limits of what we can know Philosophers today are doing more or less what Socrates was doing asking tough questions looking at reasons and evidence struggling to answer some of the most important question we can ask ourselves about the nature of reality and how we should live 哲学家 一词 philosopher 来源于希腊语 意思是 对智 慧的热爱 西方哲学的传统正是从古希腊发迹 传播到了世界的绝 大多数地方 期间在历史上也曾若干次吸纳东方思想 西方传统哲 学重视的是论点 推理与提问 而不是简单