高三英语二轮复习 第二篇 阅读技能探究 专题三 阅读理解 第4讲 词句猜测题课件.ppt

第4讲词句猜测题 考点1猜测词义类 典例 2015 全国卷 c片段 amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces mostimportantlythepersistenceofmemory thereisalsol enigmesansfinfrom1938 worksonpaper objects andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist sshowmanqualities thevisitorwillentertheworldofdalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning theworldofbirth theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain theexhibitionshowshowdalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities 无限 fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffocus amazingflemishaccuracyandtheshowybaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum theatreinfigueras explainsthepompidoucentre thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration 合作 withthemuseonacionalreinasofiainmadrid spain andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionslikethesalvadordalimuseuminst petersburg florida q whatdoestheword contributions inthelastparagraphreferto a donations b projects c artworks d documents 解题思路 速读文章 在画线词前后找出相关的信息词 尝试解答 thefineselectionofthemajorworks fromotherinstitutionslikethesalvadordalimuseum c 解题技巧 1 文中信息 巧利用考查考生根据上下文语境判断生词意义的能力 要学会 顺藤摸瓜 或 上下取证 同义或定义解释法 上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释 如利用or thatis tosay inotherwords namely等词语进行解释 或利用破折号 同位语 从句 定语从句等进行解释等 因果推断法 对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行猜测 前后对比法 对生词给出一定的对比背景 并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现 语境理解法 根据语境猜测词义占此类试题的大多数 做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析 推理 从而猜测出生词的意义 基本构词法 2 常见命题方式theunderlinedword probablymeans whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword 考点2猜测短语类 典例 2015 全国卷 a片段 mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache iwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseihadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthatwouldn tfit iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel irealizedthisadaylater whenisawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy fivedollarslessthanihadpaid thesetworkedsobeautifullywhenifirstgotithomethatiwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight fortunately ididn tgetanychannelsshowingall nightmoviesoriwouldneverhavegottentobed q whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase signedoff inparagraph1 a endedalltheirprogramsb providedfewerchannelsc changedtocommercialsd showedall nightmovies 解题思路 速读文章 在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词 尝试解答 keepitonuntil fortunately didn tgetanychannelsshowingall nightmovies a 解题技巧 1 语境分析 猜短语短语猜测题是一个从 已知 得出 未知 的过程 即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断 首先注意分析短语的意思 然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于解决问题 2 常见命题方式theunderlinedphrase couldbereplacedby whatdoestheunderlinedphrase referto 误区纠偏 短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况 1 短语的字面意思 2 文中出现的与猜测无关的内容 3 命题人凭空杜撰的内容 考点3猜测句意类 典例 2015 浙江高考 d片段 in2004 whenmydaughterbeckywasten sheandmyhusband joe wereunitedintheirdesireforadog asforme isharednoneoftheircaninelust butwhy theypleaded becauseidon thavetimetotakecareofadog butwe lldoit really you regoingtowalkthedog feedthedog bathethedog yes yes andyes idon tbelieveyou wewill wepromise theydidn t fromdaytwo everyonewantedtowalkthecutepuppythatfirstday neitherthoughttowalkthedog whileiwasslowtoacceptthatiwouldbetheonetokeeptrackofhershots toschedulehervetappointments tofeedandcleanher mistyknewthisondayone asshelookedupatthethreenewhumansinherlife small medium andlarge shecalculated themediumoneisthesuckerinthepack q whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto themediumoneisthesuckerinthepack paragraph3 a themiddle agedpersonlovesmemost b themedium sizedwomanisthehostess c themaninthemiddleistheonewhohasthefinalsay d thewomanisthekindandtrustworthyoneinthefamily 解题思路 速读文章 试找出与画线句相关的句子 并找出关键词 画线句 themediumoneisthesuckerinthepack 相关句 尝试解答 fromdaytwo neitherthoughttowalkthedog whileiwasslowtoacceptthatiwouldbetheoneto mistyknew thisondayone d 解题技巧 1 意义吻合 定句意句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章 用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述 返回原文 找到该句 对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析 对于需要推理的句意理解 首先要理解句子前后的语境 其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断 最后再归纳总结 一般说来 正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同 是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达 2 常见命题方式whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpart whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceabove 考点4猜测指代类 典例 2015 浙江高考 c片段 instead wearediurnalcreatures witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun slight thisisabasicevolutionaryfact eventhoughmostofusdon tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings yetit stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe vedonetothenight we veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences calledlightpollution whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels andlightrhythms towhichmanyformsoflife includingourselves haveadapted whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld someaspectoflifeisaffected q whatdoes it paragraph1 mostprobablyreferto a thenight b themoon c thesky d theplanet 解题思路 速读文章 找出相关句并找出关键词 yetit stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe vedonetothenight we veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight 尝试解答 a 解题技巧 1 就近原则 判指代此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词 this that it they them one which等 或代动词 do does did等 究竟指代什么 具体方法 返回原文 找出指代词 it they them this 向上 有时向下 搜索 找最近的名词 代词 短语或句子 就近原则 将找到的词 词组或句子代入替换该指代词 看其意思 逻辑关系是否通顺 并最终确定最佳答案 2 常见命题方式whatdoestheunderlinedword this it them referto theunderlinedpart it that they inpara refersto 文体链接 一 说明文结构特点1 说明对象 说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题 如机器的制造过程 自然或社会现象产生的原因 工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等 介绍自然科学 社会科学领域的最新成果 社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等 2 说明顺序 时间顺序 空间顺序 逻辑顺序或认识顺序等 3 说明