中美政治体制差异 英文.doc

Outlinecomparison on the following aspects:1.Parliament2.Politicalparties 3.Judicial SystemTHE DIFFERENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT BETWEEN CHINA AND THE USAThere are lots of English speaking countries in the world and there also many differences between China and them on many aspects. For example, comparing the government with the USA, Id like to talk something about the differences through Parliament, Political parties, Judicial System and so on.PARLIAMENTAmericashighestlegislativebody(legislativebranch),implementthelegislativeprovisionsoftheFederalConstitution,theactuallocationoftheCapitolinWashington,DC,bytheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives;theChamberofDeputies;theLowerHouse,numberofmembersto535.Senatorisdirectlyelectedbythestates,eachstatehas2.implementoftheprincipleofequalrepresentationofthestates.ExistingMembers100.Electedsenatormustbeatleast30yearsold,fullnineyearsasaU.S.citizen,waselectedthestatesresidentswhenelected.Six-yearterm,reelectioneverytwoyears1/3,re-elected.Rep.(congressman)numberassignedbytheproportionofthepopulationstates,electedbydirectelection,atleastoneineachstate,thenumberisfixedat435,mustbeatleast25yearsofage,asaU.S.citizenfullsevenyears,whenelectedtothestateselectedresidents.2-yearterm,bere-elected.Membersofbothhousesoflong-termelectionisacommonphenomenon.Membersshallserveothergovernmentduties,MembersofParliamentrepresenttheirconstituencyvoters,butisrepresentativeofthecountryasawhole,thevoters,toregulatethebehaviorofthegovernmentandthepeoplethroughlegislation.NationalPeoplesCongressexercisesthefollowingpowers:(1)amendtheConstitution;(2)tooverseetheimplementationoftheConstitution;(3)theformulationandrevisionofcriminal,civil,nationalinstitutionsandotherbasiclaws;(4)ElectthechairmanofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,andViceChairman;(5)AccordingtonominatetheChairmanofPeoplesRepublicofChina,decidedtoPremiercandidates;uponnominationbythePremiersdecision,Ministers,DeputyPremier,StateCouncilor,commissions,theAuditorGeneral,theSecretary-Generalofthecandidates;Chairman(6)toelecttheCentralMilitaryCommission;uponnominationbytheChairmanoftheCentralMilitaryCommission,thechoiceofothermembersoftheCentralMilitaryCommission;(7)toelectSupremePeoplesCourt;(8)theelectionoftheSupremePeoplesProcuratorate;(9)reviewandapprovethenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplansandreports;(10)toexamineandapprovethebudgetandthereportontheimplementationofthecountry;(11)toalterorannultheStandingCommitteeofNationalPeoplesCongressinappropriatedecisions;(12)toapproveprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiestobuild;(13)todecidetheestablishmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionanditsinstitutions;(14)todecidequestionsofwarandpeace;(15)otherfunctionsandpowersshallbeexercisedbythesupremeorganofstatepower.POLITICALPARTIESThe United States has multiple parties, but only republicans and Democrats play a significant role in the domestic politic and social life. Republican PartyRepublican Party was founded in 1854. Republican Party held power for the first time when Abraham Lincoln became President in 1861. During the later 70 years (except 1916), Republican party had presided over the White House. Generally, in the presidential election, voters who vote for the partys candidate were party members of Republican Party. Republicans generally conservative on social issues and was the classical liberalism on economic issues. They purse toughdefenseandforeignpolicy，belong to interventionism route. Democratic PartyDemocratic Partys predecessor-Democratic republican was founded in 1792 by Thomas Jefferson.Intheparty-buildinginitial period, it mainly represented the interests of southern slave owners, western agriculture entrepreneurs and north middle bourgeoisie. In the early 19th century, Democratic Republican split, one part who claimed to be the National Republican, later renamed the Whig party. The other part represented by Andrew Jackson was established as Democrats in 1828, and formally named for Democrats in 1840. Generally, in the presidential election, voters who vote for the partys candidate were party members of Democratic Party. Democratic were liberal on social issues, progressive and liberal on economic issues.Other partiesUnited States Green Party、Reform Party of the United States of America、Communist Party of United States of America.Americans generally tend to support one of the two parties, but some people would support independent candidate of small parties, including the liberal party, the greens, constitution, etc.On November 4, 2008, the democratic candidate Barack Obama was elected as the 44th President of the United States, took office on January 20th, 2009, became the first African-American President in American history.Modern Chinas political party is produced in the late 19th century. From 1920s to 1940s, the Chinese Kuomintang and the Communist Party formed the two major political parties. There is a long time struggle between the CPC and the KMT, but during the first Sino-Japanese War and the Revolutionary War, the two parties had twice cooperation against the common enemy. In 1949, the Communist Party led the people to overthrow the KMTs authoritarian rule and established the Peoples Republic of China. CPC and eight democratic parties established long-term cooperation with the Chinese system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the communist party. Eight democratic parties worked together and became the participating parties.JUDICIARYThe basic framework of the agency court divided into federal court and state district court, two completely independent systems. Federal court was consisted by the federal Supreme Court and federal court of appeals, the federal district court and the special court (i.e. the bankruptcy court, court of international trade and the compensation court, etc.).The Supreme Court was established by the constitution of the United States. The judges carry Unchangeable system, Professional system, High salary system, Retirement system. There is no unified administrative court in the United States. Besides the ordinary court, independent institutions also have the right to accept and ruling Administrative disputes. Standard mode of organization and management systems of the U.S. courts have diversity. Court has unified model is the objects of traditional court organization and management system, but there are also many problems. There are disputes about U.S. court organization and management unified model, then appeared a new ideal target modes: decentralization, consultation and emergency type.Under the PRC Constitution and the Law of Organization of the Peoples Courts, the judicial system is made up of the Supreme Peoples Court， the local peoples courts， military courts and other special peoples courts. The local peoples courts are comprised of the basic peoples courts, the intermediate peoples courts and the higher peoples courts. The basic peoples courts are organized into civil，criminal，economic and administrative divisions. The intermediate peoples courts are organized into divisions similar to those of the basic peoples courts, and are further organized into other special divisions，such as the intellectual property division. The higher level peoples courts supervise the basic and intermediate peoples courts. The peoples procuratorates also have the right to exercise legal supervision over the civil proceedings of peoples courts of the same level and lower levels. The Supreme Peo