2016Unit 3 Traditional skills语法总结VIP

Unit 3 Traditional skills温故知新1. 按照要求写单词。describe (v.) - (n.) hang(v. 悬挂) - （过去式）- （过去分词）hang (v. 绞死) - （过去式）- （过去分词） fit （同义词）-_ simple（同义词）-_ reach ( 同义词组) _- _luck(n.) - (adj.) - (adv.) lucky （反义词）-_attract (v.) - (adj.) -_(n.) 尽管_需要_ 剪刀 _有吸引力的，迷人的_ 文字；符号；人物；角色_2. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。1. What does your father look like? Can you d_her?2. Tom often takes exercises, so he is very f_.3. You need a pair of s_ to make paper cutting.4. Toms flight will r_ Shenzhen at 10:00.5. My father is a f_. He makes a living b fishing.6. Mount Tai has many l_ scenes.7. The story is written in s_ English.8. His grandfather is in bad h_.9. The work r_ more time and people.10. Paper cutting a_ childrens attention.3. 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Tom often practises _(speak) English every day.2.There are two _(fishman)on the boat.3.Glasses is _ (make) into bottle.4. Young trees require _ (plant) in Spring.5. I like the kite very much. Its very _(love).6. He wasnt used to _ (eat) in a restaurant.7. I keep the door _(open) to let fresh air come in.8. he heavy rain prevented us from _(climb) the mountain.9. We use _(scissor) to cut things.10. To keep_ (health), he eat a lot of vegetables.语法总结：被动语态一、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换Eg：We visited the factory last summer. 主动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语The factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语二、 被动语态的结构与用法：结构：be +done (过去分词)被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。 注：被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。用法：例：istory is made by the people. (一般现在时)he cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时)The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)he room must be kept clean. （含有情态动词的被动语态）The door is being opened. （现在进行时）The film has been seen by me. （现在完成时）注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法时 态 动词的被动形式 例 句一般现在时am/is/are done He is asked to do this.一般过去时was/were done The story was told by her mother.一般将来时will be done 现在进行时is being done The novel is being written.过去进行时was being done 现在完成时has been done The house has been built.过去将来时would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.三、 被动语态的各种句型：、 he song is liked by young people. (肯定句)、 he song isnt liked by young people （否定句）、 Is the song liked by young people ? （一般疑问句）、 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked? （特殊疑问句）四、 主动语态改被动语态的方法：方法分为三步：把原句中的宾语改成主语动词改为变动形式be done(同时注意时态)原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去例：The man killed a tiger. A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)五、 特殊句型的被动语态：含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。例：Mother often makes me do some housework.We saw him run into the classroom.He teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。例：he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.I was given a pen by her.A pen was given to me by her.My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me.I was bought a new bike by my father.A new bike was bought for me by my father.由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。(前面已举过两例)例：e should speak to old people politely.Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us).He took away the box.The box 含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）例： 主 谓 宾 宾补e is called Xiao Ma by us.He found the book very interesting.The book was found very interesting by him.六、 没有被动语态的动词：1. 没有被动语态的词， 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) 等不及物动词或短语以及诸如result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, .大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。例：he skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。Many changes have happened in our hometown.The film lasted for 3 hours.跟踪练习1. My homework _an hour ago. A. finish B. finished C. was finished2. The shoes _ in Guangdong. A. make B. are made C. made3. Lots of trees _in the forest last year. ( plant )4. Lucy borrowed a book yesterday. （变为被动语态）_句型转换My homework was finished two hours ago.否定句_一般疑问句_ 肯定回答_否定回答_练习1、语言知识与运用( )1.A half of the news _ in English.A. is writing B. writes C. are written D. is written( )2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked( )3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen( )4. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed( )5. The library _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built( )6. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown( )7. The picture_ in October, 2008.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken( )8. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing( )9. When water_ , it will be changed into vapor.A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats( )10.If the letter to me, I will read it at once.A. send B. is sent C. is send D. will be sent( )11. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work( )12.Hundreds of jobs _if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost( )13.A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered( )14. When _ the car _?A. did, invent B. was, invented C. does, invent D. in, invented( )15.My father for his boss last year.A. made work B. was made to work C. was made work D. was made worked( )16. Who the window ？A. does, break B. is, broken C. was, broken by D. was, broken练习2、把下列句子改为被动语态1. The wind blew down the big tree last night.The big tree the wind last night.2. They didnt take him to Beijing.He to