氢冷发电机氢气湿度的技术要求.doc

K52 备案号：13631998中华人民共和国电力行业标准氢冷发电机氢气湿度的技术要求 DL/T6511998Requirements for hydrogen humidity of generators using hydrogen as a coolant中华人民共和国电力工业部 1998-03-19批准 1998-09-01实施前 言 氢冷发电机内氢气湿度过高，不仅危害发电机定子、转子绕组的绝缘强度，而且会使转子护环产生应力腐蚀裂纹；而氢气湿度过低，又可导致对某些部件产生有害的影响，如定子端部垫块的收缩和支撑环的裂纹。故随着电力生产规模的扩大和单机容量的不断提高，亟须对氢气湿度的表示方法、标准、测定和对氢气湿度计的要求予以明确规定。 1995年11月21日电力工业部科技司技综199544号文明确，发电机内氢气湿度标准为部下达的“1995年制定、修订电力行业标准计划项目”(第二批)之一。由于该标准内容中还应包含有提供发电机充氢、补氢用的新鲜氢气的湿度标准，故最终将标准定名为氢冷发电机氢气湿度的技术要求。 从本标准生效之日起，凡在其它涉及氢冷发电机氢气湿度的表示方法和定值等的电力行业规定中，有与本标准相抵触的，以本标准为准。 本标准的附录A是标准的附录，附录B是提示的附录。 本标准由中华人民共和国电力工业部安全监察及生产协调司和科学技术司提出并归口。 本标准的负责起草单位为华北电力科学研究院，参加起草单位为河北电力试验研究所。 本标准的主要起草人：张国权、王二福、白亚民、吕明、朱芳菲。 本标准由电力工业部电机标准化技术委员会负责解释。1 范围 本标准适用于运行中及充氢停运中的国产200MW及以上氢冷发电机。 对进口的氢冷发电机，应按制造厂规定的氢气湿度标准掌握；如制造厂无明确规定时，应按本标准执行。 200MW以下氢冷发电机的氢气湿度允许值，可参照本标准确定。2 引用标准 下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。 GB 1160589 湿度测量方法 GB/T70641996 透平型同步电机技术要求 JJG 100191 通用计量名词及定义 JJG 101287 常用湿度计量名词术语(试行) JJG 204690 湿度计量器具3 名词术语定义 本标准采用下列定义：3.1 水蒸气 water vapour 亦称水汽。水的气态，由水气化或冰升华而成。JJG101287中13.2 湿度 humidity 气体中水蒸气的含量。JJG101287中23.3 干气 dry gas 不含水蒸气的气体。JJG101287中4 注：绝对不含水蒸气的干气是不存在的，所谓干气仅仅是相对的。3.4 湿气 wet gas 干气和水蒸气组成的混合物。JJG101287中53.5 混合比 mixing ratio 湿气中水蒸气的质量与干气的质量之比。JJG101287中63.6 水蒸气压力 water vapour pressure 湿气(体积为V、温度为T)中的水蒸气于相同V、T条件下单独存在时的压力，亦称为水蒸气分压力。JJG101287中93.7 饱和水蒸气压 saturation water vapour pressure 水蒸气与水(或冰)面共处于相平衡时的水蒸气压。JJG101287中103.8 露点温度 dewpoint temperature 压力为p、温度为T、混合比为r的湿气，其热力学露点温度Td是指在此给定压力下，该湿气为水面所饱和时的温度。JJG101287中113.9 霜点温度 frostpoint temperature 压力为p、温度为T、混合比为r的湿气，其热力学霜点温度Tf是指在此给定压力下， 该湿气为冰面所饱和时的温度JJG101287中12。习惯上也可统称为露点温度。3.10 校准 calibration 在规定条件下，为确定计量器具示值误差的一组操作。JJG100191中 1913.11 量的真值 true valueof a quantity 当某量能被完善地确定并能排除所有测量上的缺陷时，通过测量所得到的量值。JJG100191中7 注： 1 当对某量的测量不完善时，通常就不能获得真值。 2 从测量的角度讲，真值不可能确切获知。一个量的真值，是在被观测时本身所具有的真实大小，它是一个理想的概念。3.12 测量不确定度 uncertainty of measurement 表征被测量的真值所处量值范围的评定。JJG100191中135 注：由于不确定度是测量结果中无法修正的部分，它反映了被测量值的真值不能肯定的误差范围的一种评定。3.13 响应时间 response time 激励受到规定的突变瞬间与响应达到其规定最终稳定值的90%瞬间的时间间隔。3.14 氢气湿度计 hydrogen humidity meter 能用来测定氢气中湿度的湿度计。4 氢气湿度的表示方法 发电机内氢气湿度和供发电机充氢、补氢用的新鲜氢气湿度，均规定以露点温度表示，通常采用摄氏温度t，单位为“摄氏度”。5 氢气湿度的标准5.1 发电机内氢气在运行氢压下的允许湿度的高限，应按发电机内的最低温度由表1查得；允许湿度的低限为露点温度td=-25。表 1 发电机内最低温度值与允许氢气湿度高限值的关系发电机内最低温度510发电机在运行氢压下的氢气允许湿度高限(露点温度td)-50 注：发电机内最低温度，可按如下规定确定： 稳定运行中的发电机：以冷氢温度和内冷水入口水温中的较低值，作为发电机内的最低温度值。 停运和开、停机过程中的发电机：以冷氢温度、内冷水入口水温、定子线棒温度和定子铁芯温度中的最低值，作为发电机内的最低温度值5.2 供发电机充氢、补氢用的新鲜氢气在常压下的允许湿度：新建、扩建电厂(站)：露点温度td-50。已建电厂(站)：露点温度td-25。6 氢气湿度的测定6.1 测定方式对氢冷发电机内的氢气和供发电机充氢、补氢用的新鲜氢气的湿度应进行定时测量；对300MW及以上的氢冷发电机可采用连续监测方式。6.2 采样点及采样管道6.2.1 测定发电机内氢气湿度的采样点，在采用定时测量方式时，应选在通风良好且尽量靠近发电机本体处；在采用连续监测方式时，宜设置在发电机干燥装置的入口管段上。为在发电机干燥装置检修、停运时仍能连续监测发电机内氢气湿度和在氢气湿度计退出时仍能对氢气进行干燥，同时还为满足氢气湿度计对流量(流速)的要求， 可在采样处为氢气湿度计专门配设一条带隔离阀、调节阀的采样旁路。6.2.2 测定新鲜氢气湿度的采样点，宜设置在制氢站出口管段上。当采用连续监测方式时，为在氢气湿度计退出时制氢站仍能向氢冷发电机充氢、补氢，同时还为满足氢气湿度计对流量(流速)的要求，也可在采样处为氢气湿度计专门配设一条带隔离阀、调节阀的采样旁路。6.2.3 采样管道所经之处的环境温度，应均比被测气体湿度露点温度高出3以上。6.3 氢气湿度计的安装、使用6.3.1 氢气湿度计在氢系统上的安装、使用，应严格遵守有关在氢系统进行作业的各项规定并符合湿度计生产厂的要求。6.3.2 对氢气湿度计应进行定期校准，随时保证氢气湿度计的测量准确性。6.4 测定氢气湿度值时的压力修正 当氢气湿度计测湿元件所在处的氢气压力与本标准第5章中所规定的氢压不同时，应对测定的氢气湿度值进行压力修正(见附录A)。6.5 其它6.5.1 对采样点和连续监测氢气湿度计的安装位置，还应注意选择在干燥、通风、无尘土飞扬、无强磁场作用、防水、防油、采光照明好、便于安装维护和记录数据，并不易被碰撞的地方。6.5.2 在受较低环境温度影响而使流经管道的被测氢气温度有所降低时，应特别注意，只有在确认测湿元件前方流经被测氢气的管段内并未发生结露的前提下，测量方可进行。否则，应采取加强该管段保温或改变测湿元件位置等措施予以解决。6.5.3 在采用定时测量方式对氢气湿度进行测量时，应在排净采气管段内的积存氢气后，再进行测定。7 对氢气湿度计的要求7.1 技术性能7.1.1 若要同时满足对本标准第5章所示的氢气湿度标准值及根据目前国内外发电机内氢气和氢站所供新鲜氢气的实际湿度值的测定，则氢气湿度计的技术性能宜如表2所示。表 2 氢气湿度计的技术性能表项 目 氢气湿度计测湿元件所在处的氢压为运行氢压时 氢气湿度计测湿元件所在处的氢压为常压时测量范围(露点温度) 用于发电机内氢气湿度的测量-3030-5020 用于供发电机充氢、补氢的新鲜氢气湿度的测量 可根据常压下的湿度范围和氢站的氢气压力，参照附录A、B进行计算-6010测量不确定度(露点温度)2(在测量范围为-6020时)响应时间2min(在环境温度为20，露点温度为-20及以上时)校准周期一般为一年7.1.2 各电厂所需湿度计的具体测量范围，可按本厂发电机内氢气和新鲜氢气实际湿度的可能变化范围，参照表2确定。7.2 使用条件7.2.1 氢气湿度计承压部分应能承受的表压如下： 在发电机运行氢压下，用于监测发电机内氢气湿度的氢气湿度计，应能在运行氢压下长期运行，且须经0.8MPa历时15min的承压试验。 在氢站运行氢压下，用于监测供发电机充氢、补氢的新鲜氢气湿度的氢气湿度计，应能在采样点处最高工作表压下长期运行，且须经1.2倍最高工作表压(若该值小于0.8MPa，则应以0.8MPa为准)历时15min的承压试验。 在常压下，用于测量氢气湿度的氢气湿度计，无承压要求。7.2.2 氢气湿度计测湿元件应允许的被测氢气温度如下： 用于测量(监测)发电机氢气湿度时为070。 用于测量(监测)供发电机充氢、补氢的新鲜氢气湿度时为-4555。7.2.3 氢气湿度计应允许的环境温度为-1045。7.2.4 氢气湿度计应满足在氢气与空气混合成爆炸性气体环境下使用时，不会引发氢爆的防爆要求。7.2.5 氢气湿度计的测湿元件，应有防止氢气中的油气、尘埃等对其污染，从而影响测量准确性的有效措施。7.2.6 氢气湿度计宜对空气、二氧化碳和氮气中的湿度，也能进行测量。7.3 可靠性和运行维护氢气湿度计应能在生产现场条件下长期稳定可靠运行。对氢气湿度计的运行维护应简便易行。附录A(标准的附录)测定氢气湿度值的压力修正A1 已知： 氢气湿度计测定的氢气湿度露点温度值为t1()； 氢气湿度计测湿元件所在处的氢气绝对压力为p1(MPa)； 在氢气湿度标准中对被测对象氢气所规定的氢气绝对压力为p2(MPa)。A2 按附录B的表格，由t1查得与该露点温度值对应的饱和水蒸气压值es1(Pa)。 注： 1 若露点湿度计能区分露点和霜点时，则在t1为0以下时，应按露点湿度计镜面上是露还是霜来确定该从附录B的表B2(过冷却水的饱和水蒸气压)还是表B3(冰的饱和水蒸气压)中查取饱和水蒸气压值。 2 若露点湿度计不能区分露点或霜点时，则在t1为0以下时，宜由附录B的表B3(冰的饱和水蒸气压)查取对应的饱和水蒸气压值。A3 由es1、p2和p1，按如下公式求得被测对象氢气在p2下的饱和水蒸气压值es2(Pa)。es2=es1(p2/p1)A4 按附录B的表格，由es2查得与该饱和水蒸气压值对应的温度值t2()；该温度t2即为在氢气湿度标准中所规定的氢气绝对压力p2下的被测对象氢气湿度的露点温度值。注：此处当es2611Pa时，一般可由附录B的表B3查取与es2对应的温度值t2。严格地说，该t2应称为霜点温度，但习惯上也可统称为露点温度。示例：一台运行中的QFSN-200-2型发电机的运行氢气表压为0.3MPa，在常压下测得发电机的氢气湿度为露点温度-18.6，问此时该发电机在运行氢压下的氢气湿度为露点温度多少度?1)由题意已知：t1=-18.6，p1=0.1MPa和p2=0.3+0.1=0.4MPa；2)由t1在表B3中查得与-18.6对应的饱和水蒸气压es1=118.038Pa；3)由es1、p2和p1，求得在运行氢压下的饱和水蒸气压es2为es2=118.038(0.40.1)=472.152Pa4)由es2在表B3中查得与472.152Pa对应的温度值t2=-3.1，此温度即为该发电机在运行氢压下的氢气湿度露点温度值。附录B(提示的附录)饱和水蒸气压表表 B1 水的饱和水蒸气压(0100) Pa温度0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.90611.213615.667620.150624.662629.203633.774638.373643.003647.662652.3501657.069661.819666.598671.408676.249681.121686.024690.958695.923700.9202705.949711.010716.103721.228726.386731.576736.799742.055747.344752.6673758.023763.412768.836774.294779.786785.312790.873796.469802.100807.7664813.467819.204824.977830.786836.631842.512848.429854.384860.375866.4035872.469878.572884.713890.892897.109903.364909.658915.991922.362928.7736935.223941.712948.241954.810961.419968.069974.759981.490988.262995.07571001.931008.831015.761022.741029.771036.831043.941051.091058.291065.5281072.801080.131087.501094.911102.371109.871117.421125.011132.651140.3391148.061155.841163.661171.531179.451187.411195.421203.481211.581219.74101227.941236.191244.491252.841261.241269.681278.181286.731295.331303.97111312.671321.421330.221339.081347.981356.941365.951375.011384.121393.29121402.511411.791421.111430.501439.931449.431458.971468.581478.231487.95131497.721507.541517.431527.361537.361547.421557.531567.701577.931588.21141598.561608.961619.431629.951640.541651.181661.891672.651683.481694.37151705.321716.331727.411738.541749.751761.011772.341783.731795.181806.70161818.291829.941841.661853.441865.291877.201889.181901.231913.341925.53171937.781950.101962.481974.941987.472000.062012.732025.462038.272051.14182064.092077.112090.202103.372116.612129.922143.302156.752170.292183.89192197.572211.322225.152239.062253.042267.102281.232295.442309.732324.10202338.542353.072367.672382.352397.112411.952426.882441.882456.942472.13212487.372502.702518.112533.612549.182564.852580.592596.422612.332628.33222644.422660.592676.852693.192709.622726.142742.752759.452776.232793.10232810.062827.122844.262861.492878.822896.232913.742931.342949.042966.82242984.703002.683020.743038.913057.173075.523093.973112.523131.163149.90253168.743187.683206.713225.853245.083264.413283.853303.383323.023342.76263362.603382.543402.593422.733442.993463.343483.813504.373525.053545.83273566.713587.713608.813630.023651.333672.763694.293715.943737.693759.56283781.543803.633825.833848.143870.573893.113915.773938.543961.423984.42294007.544030.774054.124077.594101.184124.884148.714172.654196.714220.90304245.204269.634294.184318.854343.644368.564393.604418.774444.064469.48314495.024520.694546.494572.424598.474624.654650.964677.414703.984730.68324757.524784.484811.584838.814866.184893.684921.324949.094976.995005.04335033.225061.535089.995118.585147.325176.195205.205234.365263.655293.09345322.675352.395382.265412.275442.435472.735503.185533.785564.525595.41355626.455657.645688.975720.465752.105783.895815.835847.935880.175912.58365945.135977.846010.716043.736076.916110.256143.756177.406211.226245.19376279.336313.626348.086382.706417.486452.436487.546522.826558.266593.87386629.656665.596701.716737.996774.446811.066847.856884.826921.956959.26396996.757034.407072.247110.247148.437186.797225.337264.047302.947342.02407381.277420.717460.337500.137540.127580.287620.647661.187701.907742.81417783.917825.207866.677908.347950.197992.248034.478076.908119.538162.34表 B1(续) Pa温度0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9428205.368248.568291.968335.568379.368423.368467.558511.948556.548601.33438646.338691.538736.938782.548828.358874.378920.598967.029013.669060.51449107.579154.849202.329250.019297.979346.039394.369442.919491.679540.65459589.849639.259688.899738.749788.819839.119889.629940.369991.3210042.514610093.9210145.5610197.4310249.5210301.8410354.3910407.1810460.1910513.4310566.914710620.6210674.5710728.7510783.1610837.8210892.7110947.8411003.2111058.8211114.674811170.7611227.1011283.6811340.5011397.5711454.8811512.4511570.2611628.3211686.634911745.1911804.0011863.0711922.3811981.9612041.7812101.8712162.2112222.8112283.665012344.7812406.1612467.7912529.7012591.8612654.2912716.9812779.9412843.1712906.665112970.4213034.4613098.7613163.3313228.1813293.3013358.7013424.3713490.3213556.545213623.0413689.8213756.8813824.2313891.8513959.7614027.9514096.4314165.1914234.245314303.5714373.2014443.1114513.3214583.8214654.6114725.6914797.0714868.7414940.725415012.9815085.5515158.4215231.5915305.0615378.8315452.9015527.2815601.9715676.965515752.2615827.8715903.7915980.0216056.5716133.4216210.5916288.0716365.8716443.995616522.4316601.1816680.2616759.6516839.3716919.4116999.7817080.4717161.4917242.845717324.5117406.5217488.8617571.5217654.5317737.8617821.5317905.5417989.8818074.575818159.5918244.9518330.6618416.7118503.1018589.8418676.9218764.3518852.1318940.265919028.7419117.5819206.7619296.3019386.2019476.4519567.0619658.0319749.3519841.046019933.0920025.5120118.2920211.4320304.9520398.8220493.0720587.6920682.6820778.056120873.7820969.9021066.3921163.2521260.5021358.1221456.1321554.5121653.2821752.446221851.9821951.9122052.2322152.9322254.0322355.5222457.4022559.6822662.3522765.426322868.8922972.7523077.0223181.6923286.7623392.2323498.1223604.4023711.1023818.206423925.7224033.6524141.9924250.7424359.9124469.5024579.5124689.9324800.7824912.046525023.7425135.8525248.3925361.3625474.7625588.5825702.8425817.5325932.6626048.226626164.2126280.6426397.5226514.8326632.5826750.7826869.4226988.5127108.0427228.026727348.4627469.3427590.6827712.4627834.7127957.4128080.5728204.1928328.2628452.806828577.8128703.2828829.2128955.6129082.4829209.8229337.6429465.9229594.6829723.926929853.6329983.8230114.4930245.6530377.2830509.4030642.0130775.1030908.6831042.757031177.3231312.3731447.9231583.9731720.5131857.5531995.0932133.1432271.6832410.737132550.2932690.3532830.9332972.0133113.6133255.7133398.3433541.4833685.1333829.317233974.0134119.2334264.9734411.2434558.0334705.3634853.2135001.5935150.5135299.967335449.9535600.4735751.5435903.1436055.2936207.9836361.2136514.9936669.3236824.207436979.6337135.6137292.1537449.2437606.8937765.1037923.8738083.2138243.1038403.567538564.5938726.1938888.3639051.1039214.4139378.3039542.7639707.8039873.4240039.637640206.4140373.7840541.7440710.2840879.4241049.1441219.4641390.3741561.8841733.997741906.6942080.0042253.9142428.4242603.5442779.2742955.6143132.5543310.1143488.297843667.0843846.4844026.5144207.1644388.4344570.3344752.8544936.0045119.7745304.187945489.2345674.9145861.2246048.1746235.7646424.0046612.8746802.3946992.5647183.388047374.8547566.7947759.7447953.1748147.2548342.0048537.4048733.4748930.2049127.608149325.6749524.4049723.8149923.8950124.6450326.0850528.1950730.9850934.4551138.618251343.4551548.9851755.2051962.1152169.7252378.0152587.0152796.7053007.1053218.208353430.0053642.5053855.7254069.6454284.2854499.6354715.6954932.4755149.9755368.198455587.1355806.8056027.2056248.3256470.1756692.7656916.0857140.1357364.9257590.458557816.7358043.7458271.5158500.0258729.2758959.2859190.0559421.5759653.8459886.878660120.6760355.2360590.5560826.6461063.5061301.1261539.5261778.7062018.6562259.388762500.8962743.1862986.2663230.1263474.7863720.2263966.4564213.4864461.3164709.938864959.3565209.5865460.6165712.4565965.0966218.5566472.8266727.9066983.8067240.528967498.0667756.4268015.6068275.6268536.4668798.1369060.6469323.9869588.1569853.179070119.0370385.7370653.2870921.6771190.9171461.0171731.9672003.7672276.4272549.959172824.3373099.5873375.7073652.6873930.5474209.2774488.8774769.3575050.7175332.959275616.0775900.0876184.9876470.7776757.4477045.0277333.4977622.8677913.1378204.309378496.3878789.3679083.2679378.0679673.7879970.4280267.9780566.4580865.8581166.179481467.4281769.6082072.7182376.7582681.7382987.6583294.5183602.3183911.0684220.759584531.4084842.9985155.5485469.0585783.5186098.9486415.3386732.6887051.0087370.299687690.5688011.8088334.0188657.2088981.3889306.5489632.6889959.8290287.9490617.069790947.1791278.2891610.3991943.5092277.6292612.7492948.8793286.0293624.1893963.359894303.5494644.7694986.9995330.2695674.5596019.8796366.2396713.6297062.0597411.519997762.0298113.5898466.1898819.8399174.5499530.3099887.11100244.99100603.93100963.93100101324.99表 B2 过冷却水的饱和水蒸气压 (0-50) Pa温度0.0-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.4-0.5-0.6-0.7-0.8-0.90611.21606.79602.39598.02593.68589.37585.08580.82576.60527.39-1568.22564.07559.95555.85551.78547.74543.73539.74535.78531.84-2527.93524.04520.18516.34512.54508.75504.99501.25497.54493.86-3490.19486.56482.94479.35475.78472.24468.72465.23461.75458.30-4454.88451.47448.09444.73441.40438.08434.79431.52428.27425.04-5421.84418.66415.49412.35409.23406.14403.06400.00396.96393.95-6390.95387.98385.02382.09379.18376.28373.40370.55367.71364.90-7362.10359.32356.56353.82351.10348.40345.71343.04340.40337.77-8335.16332.56329.99327.43324.89322.37319.86317.38314.90312.45-9310.02307.60305.19302.81300.44298.09295.75293.43291.13288.84-10286.57284.32282.08279.85277.64275.45273.28271.11268.97266.84-11264.72262.62260.53258.46256.40254.36252.34250.32248.32246.34-12244.37242.41240.47238.54236.63234.73232.84230.97229.11227.26-13225.43223.61221.80220.01218.23216.46214.71212.96211.24209.52-14207.81206.12204.44202.77201.12199.48197.84196.22194.62193.02-15191.44189.87188.31186.76185.22183.69182.18180.67179.18177.70-16176.23174.77173.32171.88170.45169.04167.63166.24164.85163.48-17162.11160.76159.41158.08156.75155.44154.13152.84151.56150.28-18149.01147.76146.51145.28144.05142.83141.62140.42139.23138.05-19136.88135.71134.56133.4