深圳中考重要语法点总结.docx

深圳中考重要语法点总结一、名词复习重点可数名词； 不可数名词； 名词所有格n 1.可数名词 A.复合名词的复数形式 a woman/man teacher-women/men teachersBoy students shoe shops book shops apple trees 特殊：sports clothesB.表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把S加后面 常考：Germans Frenchmen Englishmen C.单复同形 sheep deer Chinese JapaneseD.常以复数形式出现的名词 trousers pants(裤子) glasses clothes police people2.不可数名词 绝对不可数：news, weather, fun, advice, information, traffic, progress, music, work(工作)， room(空间)可具体化的： time, rain, snow, breakfast/lunch/dinner, hair; a success a surprise a pleasure; a worry a danger特殊情况的具体化：two coffees two teas考点：与感叹句、such/so结合n 既可作可数又可作不可数的名词 paper room exercise experience work word glass fish chicken 3.名词所有格A.时间所有格 todays newspaper; twenty minutes walk= a twenty-minute walk ; two days holiday =a two-day holiday B.双重所有格 a friend of mine many friends of Marys C.其他考点 Lily and Lucys room (二者共有与分别有) Lilys and Lucys rooms at my uncles = at my uncles house（表地点） go to the Greens二、冠词复习重点：不定冠词 a/an, 定冠词 the零冠词 /n 1.定冠词与不定冠词根本区别 An apple a day keep the doctor away . （同类中一个，不特定）I like the girl.(特指)2.a/an a useful European university union uniform an Mr. Li has one fox.3.序数词前用 a/an I live on _the_ third floor. (一般情况，序数词前用the)Dont give up! Just try _ second time. (a+序数词，表示又一，再一)n 口诀（定冠词） 特指双熟悉 上文已提及 世上独无二 序数最高级 形前一类人 姓前一家人 某些专有名 习语和乐器4.接触部位要用 theShe caught me by the arm.He hit her in the face /eye /stomach. She struck him on the head/shoulder. 5.零冠词：职位头衔前 Lin was made _ monitor of our class.A. a B.an C. the D. /6.冠代有仇不相见 1）He goes to school on his _ bike. A. a B.an C.the D./ 2）Today is his_ birthday. A. ninth B.nineth C.the ninth D.the nineth 3) There is a flower in his left hand. Whats in his _ hand. A. other B.the other C. another D. others 7.有the无the大不同 school/prison/church/hospital/bed/university1)at table在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁2)in class在上课； in the class在班级中3)go to school去上学; go to the school到那所学校去4)go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去5)in front of在的前面 ; in the front of在的前 n 口诀（零冠词）代词限定名词前 复数名词不可数学科球类三餐饭 两节星期月份前颜色语种和国名 称呼习语和头衔三、代词重要考点1. 人称代词 动词、介词+宾格 teach us English belong to him it 可指代天气、日期、距离、金钱 it 形式主语、形式宾语 it is+adj +for/of sb to do sth I think/find/believe it +adj +to do sth人称代词排序: 单数人称二三一；复数人称一二三 ，若把错误和责任担，第一人称排在前。2.物主代词 形容词性物主代词：my his/her/its our your their+名词名词性物主代词： mine his/hers/its ours yours theirs（不加名词）This is my bag. This bag is mine.3.反身代词 译为。 自己myself himself/ herself/ itself yourself ourselves themselves yourselves(注意人称的单复数)Help yourselves, children!Enjoy yourself, Tom. We are old enough to protect ourselves!Watch out! Youll hurt yourself! I made it by myself.4.不定代词二者三者及以上都BothAll都不 Neither none任一 Either any每个 either Each, every 两者One 一个The other 另一个The other + 数词其他Other +名词复数Others 剩下的全部The other +名词复数the others三者One 一个Another 另一个 The other 另一个彼此,互相Each other 二者One another 三者及以上任何一个Any +单数名词（不包含） Any other +单数名词（包含）补充either 、neither 做主语，谓语动词单数； Each of us/the students 做主语，谓语动词用单数， they each/ the students each 做主语，谓语动词用复数。 Each boy and each girl /every boy and every girl 做主语，谓语动词用单数； some常用于肯定句，或希望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句，如 would you give me some water? Any 常用于否定句，或疑问句；用于肯定句通常表示任何一个，如 Any day is ok. You can buy the book at any shop. Nobody/no one 没有人回答 who 的提问Nothing 什么都没有回答 what 的提问None 没有（人或物）侧重数量上没有5.指示代词 单数复数区别1区别2这个，这些This these近处的人、物下文将讲到的那个 ，那些Thatthose远处的人、物上文已提过的6.疑问代词: which who whom what 四、数词复习重点1.Lesson 3 (room, chapter, line, row )Lesson 3 = the third lesson Chapter 5= the fifth chapter Bus 11 room 1032.有数词无s（hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen） 12,345 twelve thousand, three hundred and forty-fiveThousands of stars in the sky 3.几个半 的表示 two and a half years= two and a half years4.分数的-与年代的可有可无 two-thirds in the 1960s= in the 1960s5.在某人几十岁的时候 in ones forties6. 另外的几个 another six people = six more people 7.日期 2014.3.15 March 15th, 20148.时间 8:55 five to eight 7:15 a quarter past seven 9.基数词 序数词变化 一二三特别记，(first, second, third) 八去t九去e , (eighth, ninth)五和十二 去变ve 为fth (fivefifth, twelvetwelfth)整十变 y为 ieth (20-90) twenty-twentieth 10. He is a six-year-old boy.(加连字符，量词去s, 后面加名词) He is six years old.五、形容词、副词复习重点1.形修名代 副修动形副 强调： 修饰动词 用副词， 一般情况形容词变副词加ly 感官动词+adj (主动语态，一般单数+s) He looks happy. It sounds good.2. old enough to do too old to do something important so clever a girl too clever a girl how clever a girl! such a clever girl quite a clever girl what a clever girl!3.so such So + adj +a +单数名词 So +many/much/little/few +名词 （注意little 表示少，数量）Such +a +adj +单数名词Such +adj+不可数名词/名词复数4. a little &little 不可数 a few & few 可数 （注意没有 a 的 表示几乎没有，否定） a little & a bit a little/ a bit + adj a little +不可数 a bit of +不可数名词not a little = very not a bit = not at all 5.much too+adj 动词+too much +不可数名词too many +可数名词复数6.肯定句中的结构：“A.as形容词原级asB”否定句中的结构：“A.notas/so形容词原级asB”7.比较级的用法 （1）可修饰比较级的词：much, far ,even, rather, still, any, no, a little, a bit ,a lot （2）The+比较级， the+比较级； 比较级and比较级 越来越（3）The+比较级+of the two ，特定两者作比较 （4）倍数优先原则：表示“A是B的倍”A.倍数as形容词原级asB； A.倍数+比较级thanB”；A.+倍数+ the size/weight/length/width of+Bas many +名词复数as much +不可数名词A+倍数+（5）用比较级表最高级 比较级+than +any other/any +单数名词(包含用any other ; 不包含用any)7.最高级(形容词最高级要加the ; 副词最高级不加)One of +最高级+名词复数 one of the most famous writersIt is +最高级+名词+that 从句 It is the best film that I have ever seen.注意: 1.my elder sister 我的姐姐 He is two years older than I. 2. further information further study3.few fewer-fewest7. some time 分开为一段（时间） sometime 合起为某时 some times 分开S为倍次 sometimes 合起S为有时（=at times=from time to time= now and then）at a time 一次 ；at one time 曾经； at times有时； in time 及时 on time按时8.adj的ed和ing 形式 We are excited at this exciting news.( 一般形容人用ed, 形容物用ing)To our surprise, he didnt come.He looked at me with a surprised look. (与人相关的物 可用ed)9. population/number: large small 问人口、地址用what price: high low 10.hard/ hardly 几乎不 late/lately 最近11.wide/widely广泛地 high/highly高度地 deep/deeply 深深地 close/closely 紧密地 紧紧地 （-ly形式指抽象的，程度上的）straight/straightly 一般只用straight 笔直的；直地12.good/well（adj 指身体好的） bad/badly （badly needed 非常需要）13.alone 独自的 /lonely 孤独的 a lonely house alive 活的 /live （on live 现场直播的）/lively 活跃的，生动的 aloud（出声地）/loud（speak louder ）/loudly(，大声地；喧闹地)14.形容词排序 美小圆旧黄 法国木书房 15. many, a number of/numbers of, a great/good many; 修饰可数名词 much, a great deal of, a huge amount of/huge amounts of, 修饰不可数名词 plenty of, a lot of/lots of, a large quantity of/large quantities of. 可数&不可数16.open 动词和形容词同形 /closed 关着的， 形容词； close 动词 17. 由连词符构成的形容词只能作定语。 a 11-year-old girl18. how=so=as=too+adj.+a/an+n. how beautiful a girl what=such=quite+a/an+adj.+n. what a beautiful girl19. no more=not. any more 侧重数量、程度上不再 no longer=not.any longer 时间上不再20.名词和形容词的转化 sun- sunny rain-rainy cloud-cloudy interest-interesting/interested care-careful/careless use-useful/uselessharm-harmful/harmless hope-hopeful/hopelessworth-worthy worthless(无价值的 price-priceless 无价的六、介词重要考点1.Its +adj+for/of sb to do 形容词指人时用of ，指物时用for2.on a sunny /Friday morning on the morning of April 1st , 2013 Congratulations on sth 恭喜某事 on ones own= by oneself 亲自，独自3.be of great value/use = valuable/ useful 4.leave for sp 前往某地5.Send for a doctor 派人去请医生6.feel sorry for sb 同情某人 be kind/friendly to sb 对某人友好thank sb for (doing ) sth 为某事感谢某人apologize to sb for sth 为某事向某人道歉7. At a speed/price 以。速度/价格8.Look up 向上看，查找 look over 仔细检查 look into=check sth by oneself 深入调查9.be known/famous as/for 因为/作为。而出名10.be made of/from/in 看得出原材料用 of 看不出用from in+产地 into +制成物11.besides（除了。还有） , except（除了；同类排除）, except for （非同类排除） 12.be married to sb marry sb 和某人结婚13. come across=run across=meet sb by chance 偶遇某人14.holes in the wall pictures on the wall anything interesting in the newspaper birds in the tree apples on the tree in 指在里面的； on 指表明的15. in the rain 在雨中16.beyond sb 超出某人（的能力） be for 支持/ be against 反对17.What do you think of sth= how do you like (about) sth 你认为某事怎么样18.Keep off sth 遮挡 keep in touch with sb 和。保持联系19. agree with sb agree to some plan 20. be surprised/disappointed at 对。吃惊/失望 be angry with sb 对某人生气 21.be made up of consist of (不用被动) 由。组成 22. keep/stop/prevent sb/sth from doing 23.be interested in be keen on =be fond of 喜欢。 be good at = do well in 24. in reply to 回答 25. require sth of sb 要求某人某事 26.be proud of =take pride in 27. to ones surprise in surprise / doubt /belief28.shout to（to 后跟接收对象）/at（有感情地喊叫）29.Beijing is in the north of China. In表示在其内部某方位 Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi. On 表接壤 Shenzhen is to the south of Beijing. To 不接壤30. in+ 大地点 at + 小地点 on the right/ left 七、连词复习重点1. 时间连词 when, while（延续性动作）, as until，since, before , after (1) When I arrived，they are having a meeting.When I was walking in the street, someone patted on the shoulder. 突然(2) While you are there, please get me some stamps.My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV. (两个进行时)(3) They danced as they sang. 他们边唱边跳。(4) 特殊用法： while 表转折，然而 As 表让步，尽管 Poor as he is , he is happy.(5) not until 直到。才 (6) since 后跟过去式或过去时间， 主句用现在完成时 It is three years since I came here. (特例)2.neithernor 两者都不 eitheror 要么。要么 not onlybut also（不仅 而且） notbut 不是而是 就近原则 bothand 两者都 3. and & or Work hard, and you will succeed. Hurry up, or you will be late.4表条件 if （如果，是否）& whether（是否） unless 除非 in case万一 条件句，主将从现 作是否讲，只用whether 的几种情况： （1）whether to do (2) 介词+whether (3) whetheror not 5.表目的 so that 以便于 in order to do so as to do in order that +从句 6. because与 so although 与but 不连用 7. as if / as though 好像 He looks at me as if he didnt know me.8.even if / even though 即使，尽管 Even if I apologized to him, he didnt forgive me.9. as soon as 一。就 As soon as I have time, I will go to Hangzhou. As long as 只要 As long as you work hard, you will succeed.10. 表结果 sothat 如此。以至于 Suchthat I got up so early that I could arrive on time.It was such fine weather that we all wanted to go out.八、动词和情态动词复习重点1. lie 位于，躺；撒谎 Shenzhen lies in the south of China. lie lied lied 规则的撒谎 lie lay lain 不规则的躺 lay laid laid 躺完了下蛋（放置）2. rise 不及物动词。 上升，提高 ；起立；起床 The sun rises. raise 及物动词 (可被动) 举起；养育；筹集（钱） raise your hands.3. borrow & lend borrow sth from sb lend sth to sb= lend sb sth 借出take & bring take 带走（从此处带走） bring 带来（从别处带来）receive & accept receive 客观收到某物 accept 主观上接收 6. reach& get to & arrive 到达 注意arrive in/at +地点 7.spend & cost & take & pay8.join & attend &take part in & enter for9.sit & seat 10.say& speak & tell & talk 11. prove spread12. hang (hanged hung ) 动词词组：1.used to do be used to do be used for doing be used to doing 2.look up & look into & look over &look through3.give up & give in& give off & give away4.put on & put off & put up & put through & put away 5.come true& come up with & come out &come across &come from6.set up & set out & set aside &set fire7.send for8.turn out& turn up & turn down &turn on & turn off &by turns & turn over9. leave for leave alone 10. stay up 11.call on call at drop in on drop in at 12.put out & go out 情态动词注意：情态动词 + 动词原形can &could 能够；可能will &would 将 shall & should 应该may& might 也许，大概must 必须ought to 应该need 需要dare 敢be able to 能够have to 必须 1. 表推测 肯定must 否定cant mustnt 表禁止，不允许2. 表推测 may 语气最弱 也许可能大概 He may come. May情态动词 He maybe is right. Maybe 副词He may be right. may be 可能是，也许是3. need sth. need do sth need to do neednt do sth dont need to do need doing =need to be done be needed 4. can/could have done 本来能够做某事，但实际上未做 should have done 本应该做某事，但实际上未做5. Must I do my homework now? Yes, you must. No , you neednt./you dont have to.6. May I use your bike? Yes, you can. No, you mustnt./ you cant.7. Our rooms should be cleaned every day.情态动词+be +动词过去分词九、时态复习重点1.一般现在时注意：1）数做主语，谓语动词要加s/es 2）客观是规律都用一般现在时2.一般过去时注意：1）情景设置（强调刚刚没看到，没认出；疑问句什么时候、什么地点做过某事。） 2）不规则动词的过去式特别记 think-thought teach-taught throw-threw 3） 时间标志：just now ; three days ago ; the other day3.一般将来时 will do ; be going to do ; be to do will do将去做某事; 将做某事（时间可近可远）be going to do 按计划或者即将发生的事情；There is going to be a heavy rain.时间标志： in + 一段时间 4.现在进行时 am/is/are +doing 标志： look, listen, now these days See/hear sb doing 看见、听见某人正在做某事 进行时表将来： come/ go /leave /begin/start He is always lying. 现在进行时和always 连用表示强烈感情色彩。5.过去进行时 was/were +doing 注意：强调在过去某段时间正在做某事 When I came in，they were talking. 时间标志：at 9:00 yesterday morning, at that time, then， this time yesterday6.现在完成时 have/has + 动词过去分词时间标志：in the past few years ，already, just, yet, ever, never, so far(till now/up to now), recently, before, since+时间点,for+时间段，how long 用法：从过去持续到现在； 过去发生的动作对现在有影响。I have stayed here for 2 hours.I have seen the film, so I dont want see it again.瞬间动词和延续性动词 若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：begin/startBe onGo thereBe thereleaveBe awayGet homeBe homedieBe deadopenBe openjoinBe in/be a member ofCloseBe closedget marriedBe married borrowKeepcome hereBe herebuyhave1) have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）They have gone to Europe.(They are not here.)2) have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）I have been to Europe.(I am not in Europe now.)3) have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。 I have been in Europe for three weeks.(I am now still in Europe .)7.过去完成时 had +动词过去分词注意：动作发生在过去的过去标志：by+ 过去时间； when + 过去动作 They had got married when he came back.8.过去将来时 would do sth Was/ were going to do 注意：宾语从句中He said that he would go to Shanghai.十、被动语态复习重点 1.时态+语态 be +动词过去分词1）现在am, is, are doneam, is, are being donehave/has been done2）过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done3）将来will be donewould be donewill have been donewould/should have been done2.主动表被动的几种情况1）不及物动词 take place/ happen 2）感官动词 听看闻摸尝 sound look smell feel taste3）表示性质的 The kind of books sells well. The pen writes well. The bike rides well. This kind of cloth washes easily.4) belong to 属于5) be worth doing 值得做某事6)need doing =need to be done 某事需要被做7)consist of 由。构成3.see/hear/notice/make sb do 主动变为被动时，要加 to He was often seen to run along the road.4.情态动词+be +动词过去分词This material can be made into cups.5. a boy named /called Tom 名叫汤姆的男孩 given name 名字 broken windowGiven more time, Sb is not allowed to do Sth is not allowed十一、主谓一致复习重点1. Both Lucy and Lily are beautiful.2. a teacher and writer 一个老师兼作家 a teacher and a writer 一个老师和一个作家3.就近原则 eitheror ; neithernor; not onlybut also; notbut; there be; or 4.就远原则 和包但 A with/together with/ along with/as well as/ including/ but/except B 谓语跟A一致5.the +姓氏复数 表示一家人 the +形容词 表示一类人 谓语动词 常用复数6.时间、金钱、距离等做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Three years has passed.7. a number of 许多 谓语动词用复数 The number of 的数量 谓语动词用单数8. people, police, cattle, crowd, clothes, glasses, trousers, pants 等做主语，谓语动词用复数A pair of ， a kind of 谓语动词单数9.形复意单 news; maths; physics; politics, economics 谓语动词单数10.单复数同形 sheep deer 11.谓语动词单数： many a +单数名词 Every +单数名词 and every +单数名词 Each +单数名词 and each +单数名词 12.each of 做主语，谓语动词单数 They each/the students each 做主语，谓语动词复数13. 分数 of +名词 ，谓语动词单复数取决于of后名词的形式Two-thirds of the students are girls.Three-fourths of the earth is covered with water.14. one of +名词复数+定语从句， 从句谓语用复数 The only one of +名词复数+定语从句， 从句谓语用单数十二、非谓语动词1.一个句子 一个谓语动词，其他动词以非谓语形式出现。非谓语形式：to do(表未做的事；目的); doing（正在进行的；主动）; done （被动）2. prefer to do rather than do would like to do rather than do prefer doing to doing 3.it is +adj for/of sb to do 4. decide to do plan to do afford to do ask to do 5. forget to do 忘记要去做的事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事 remember doing 记得做过某事 stop to do 停下来做另一件事 try to do 努力做某事 stop doing 停下一直在做的事 try doing 尝试做某事 be afraid to do 害怕做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 be afraid doing sth 担心某事会发生 go on doing 继续做同一件事6.hope to do hope that （易错） wish sb to do 7.疑问词+to do What to do what to do with it How to do it how to deal with it 8. tell sb to do ask sb to do advise sb to do teach sb to do