初中英语被动语态讲解(1)

精品文档 1欢迎下载 初中英语被动语态讲解初中英语被动语态讲解 一 语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式 用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系 所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化 表现出来的 语态有两种 主动语态和被动语态 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态 主语是动作的接受 者为被动语态 如 They built the bridge The bridge was built by them 二 被动语态的构成 被动语态由 助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 人称 数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的 现以 teach 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成 一般现在时 am is are taught 一般过去时 was were taught 一般将来时 will shall be taught 现在进行时 am is are being taught 过去进行时 have has been taught 现在完成时 have has been taught 歌诀是 被动语态 be 字变 过去分词跟后面 情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点 情态动词 be 过去分词 三 被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 例如 Some new computers were stolen last night 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了 不知道电脑是谁偷的 This book was published in 1981 这本书出版于 1981 年 2 强调动作的承受者 而不强调动作的执行者 例如 the window was broken by Mike 窗户是迈克打破的 This book was written by him 这本书是他写的 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed 每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证 歌诀 谁做的动作不知道 说出谁做的没有必要 动作承受者需强调 被动语态运用到 四 主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 歌诀是 宾变主 主变宾 by 短语后面跟 谓语动词变被动 be 后 过分 来使用 1 通常的办法是 将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语 将主动结构中的谓语动词变为 be get 过去分词 形式 将主动结构中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语 若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省 略该 by 短语 如 Li Lei planted the tree last year The tree was planted by Li Lei last year 这棵树是李 蕾去年栽的 Workers made the machines in Changsha The machines were made in Changsha 这些机器是长 沙造的 2 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时 应将宾语变为被动结构的主语 而宾语的补足语则留在原 处成为主语补足语 如 He painted the door green yesterday The door was painted green yesterday 昨天门被漆成绿 色了 注意 表示 使 让 的动词 make have 等 以及感官动词 see watch observe feel hear listen to look at 等 在主动语态中 接不定式做宾语补足语时 不定式前的 to 要省略 而变为被动语态时 成为主语补足语的不定式 则必须带 to 如 I saw him go into the teachers office He was seen to go into the teachers office 看见他进入了教师办公室 3 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时 既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语 而在间接宾语前加 to 或 精品文档 2欢迎下载 for 留在动词之后 也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语 而直接宾语留在动词之后 但一般采用后一种 用法 如 He gave me the pen last year I was given the pen last year The pen was given to me last year 这支笔是去年给我的 说明 一般说来 间接宾语前带 to 的动词有 bring give hand lend offer pass post send show take teach tell write throw 等 间接宾语前带 for 的动词有 book buy call cook do get make save 等 4 动词 believe consider declare expect know report say suppose think 等的被动语态 常有两种结构形式 如 He was said to get hurt in the car accident 人们说他在车祸中受伤了 It was said that he got hurt in the car accident 人们说他在车祸中受伤了 5 短语动词变被动语态时 短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略 如 She has never been operated on before 她从未动过手术 The baby was looked after by her sister 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾 His plan was laughed at by everyone 他的计划大家都嘲笑 6 动词不定式的被动语态 即把 to do 变成 to be done 五 不用被动语态的情况 1 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态 appear die disappear end fail happen last lie remain sit spread stand break out come true fall asleep keep silence lose heart take place After the fire very little remained of my house 比较 rise fall happen 是不及物动词 raise seat 是及物动词 错 The price has been risen 对 The price has risen 错 The accident was happened last week 对 The accident happened last week 错 The price has raised 对 The price has been raised 错 Please seat 对 Please be seated 要想正确地使用被动语态 就须注意哪些动词是及物的 哪些是不及物的 特别是一词多义的动词 往往有两种用法 解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累 2 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语 fit have hold marry own wish cost notice watch agree with arrive at in shake hands with succeed in suffer from happen to take part in walk into belong to This key just fits the lock Your story agrees with what had already been heard 3 系动词无被动语态 appear be become fall feel get grow keep look remain seem smell sound stay taste turn It sounds good 4 带同源宾语的及物动词 反身代词 相互代词 不能用于被动语态 die death dream live life She