考点06-介词-2018年中考英语语法考点纵览.doc

中考英语语法考点纵览 6介词一、介词概述1、介词的定义：介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语在句中与其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。2、介词的分类：时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词等。3. 介词短语的句法作用介词短语作为一个成分在句中可用作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。（1）作定语介词短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。The book on the desk is very interesting. 书桌上的那本书很有趣。China is a great country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。（2）作状语介词短语作状语时，一般放在动词后面或句末、句首。用来表示时间、地点、目的、方式和原因等。The basketball match will start at nine. 篮球比赛将在9点开始。（表示时间）He likes to swim in the river. 他喜欢去河里游泳。（表示地点）I went there to get my book back. 我去那里取回我的书。（表示目的）I came here by bike. 我骑自行车来到这里。（表示方式）She was trembling with fear. 她吓得直发抖。（表示原因）（3）作表语介词短语作表语时，一般放在be动词和连系动词之后。Im on duty today. 今天我值日。My English teacher is from Australia. 我的英语老师来自澳大利亚。（4）作宾语补足语介词短语作宾语补足语时，一般放在宾语之后。I found everything in good condition. 我发现一切状况良好。When he woke up, he found himself in the hospital.当他醒来时，他发现自己在医院里。二、介词考点纵览 考点一：表示时间的介词考点1：in 的 用 法 。 与morning, afternoon,evening连用表示在上午、下午、晚上。Theyalwaysplaybasketballintheafternoon.他们经常在下午打篮球。Donteattoomuchintheevening.晚上不要吃太多。 表示在某世纪、年代、年、月、季节的含义时。Shecametothisfactoryin1970.她是在1970年来到这个工厂工作的。Itoftensnowsheavilyhereinwinter. 这儿冬天经常下大雪。 表示从现在起一段时间以后。（这个用法常用将来时）TomwillbebackfromAmericainaweek. 汤姆一周之后将从美国回来。Iwillgotovisityouinamonth. 一个月后我将会去拜访你。典型例题 1Thetrainisstarting _fiveminutes.A.in B.at C.for D. of答案：A典型例题 2Mrs. BrowncametoChina_1996.A. on B.of C.to D.in答案：D典型例题 3I like making snowmen _ winter.A.in B.at C.for D. on答案：A考点2：at的用法。 表示某一具体时刻（几点几分时）。Shegetsupatsevenoclockinthemorning.她早晨七点钟起床。Bellagothomeateightyesterdayevening.Bella昨晚八点钟到家。 用在特定的时候（时节、时机）。Wewerehappyatthattime.我们那个时候很幸福。Ithinktheschoolhasbeenclosedatthistime.我想学校这个时间已经关门了。 与noon、night、weekends连用。Youcanseemanystarsintheskyatnight.在夜里你会看到天空有许多星星。Whatdoyoualwaysdoatnoon?你中午经常做些什么？ 表示“在岁”时。Attheageoftwo,thegirlcouldrun. 在2岁的时候，这个小女孩就会跑了。典型例题 1TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere_halfpastten.A in B.at C.on D.of答案：B典型例题 2Heoftengoes_school_sixthirty.A.for;to B.to;at C.to;for D,for;at答案：B典型例题 3I often have lunch _noon.A.for B.to C.in D. at答案：D考点3：on的用法。 表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。Jack was born on May 10th,1982.杰克生于1982年5月10日。 They left on a rainy morning.他们是在一个雨天的早上离开的。 表示“在星期几”或“在星期几的早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。 We dont go to school on Saturday and Sunday. 我们星期六和星期天不上学。 What time do you get up on weekdays? 你在平日什么时候起床？ I heard this story on Saturday morning. 我是在星期六的早晨听到这个故事的。 表示“在某一节日”时，须用介词on。 We usually eat mooncakes on Mid-autumn Festival. 我们通常在中秋节吃月饼。 Mr. Hu received a card on TeachersDay. 胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。 典型例题 1He went back to America a summer afternoon.A in B.at C.on D.of答案：C典型例题 2Heoftengoes to the library_Saturday morning.A.on B. at C.to D,for 答案：A典型例题 3I met him _the afternoon of September 12thA.for B.to C.on D. at答案：C考点4：before、after和from的用法。 before表示“在之前”。Wash your hands before dinner. 在晚餐之前你要洗手。I have to finish my homework before 10 o clock. 我不得不在十点之前完成家作。 after表示“在之后”。They often play football after class. 他们经常在下课后踢足球My father often watches TV after dinner. 我爸爸经常晚饭后看电视。 from表示时间时，常和to连用，构成fromto的结构，表示“从到”。He kept on working from seven to twelve last night. 他昨晚从7点一直工作到12点。I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我周一到周五要去学校。典型例题 1经理七点后回来。翻译：The manager will come back after seven oclock.典型例题 2三天后，我去参加了一个聚会。翻译：After three days I went to a party.典型例题 3她从早唱到晚。翻译：She is singing from morning to night.考点二：表示地点、方位的介词考点1：in的用法。 表示在较大的地方。in the factory 在工厂 in Shanghai 在上海 in China 在中国 表示“在里面”。There are many apples in the box. 盒子里有许多苹果。He put his hands in his pockets. 他把他的手放进口袋。典型例题 1Theyarrivedatthefamoustown _ SouthJiangsu.A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案：A典型例题 2Sheisliving _ Nanjing.A. on B. in C. at D. of 答案：B典型例题 3Can you see the book _ thebox?A. at B. in C. on D. of答案：B考点2：at的用法。 表示在较狭窄较小的地方。Shall we meet at the station？我们在车站见面好吗？ 用于门牌号码前。He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 他住在中山路115号典型例题 1Theyarrivedatthefamoustown _ SouthJiangsu.A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案：A典型例题 2Do you notice the bread _ the table? A. to B. in C. at D. of 答案：C典型例题 3My brother stayed _home last night.A. at B. in C. on D. Of答案：A考点3：on，over和above的用法。 on表示“在之上”（两物体接触）。There are some apples on the tree. 树上有一些苹果。There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。 over表示“在正上方”（两物体的表面没有接触）。The sky is over our heads. 天在我们的头顶上。 above表示“在之上”（不一定垂直，两物体的表面没有接触）。The plane is flying above clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。典型例题 1She put her coat _ the bed. A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案：D典型例题 2There is a bridge _ the sea A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案：B典型例题 3The bird is flying _ the water.A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案：C考点4：under和below的用法。 under表示“在正下方”（其反义词是over）。There is a ball under the desk. 在桌子下有一个球。 below表示“在下方”（不一定是正下方）。From the top of the hill, we could see the blue ocean below. 我们从山顶上能看到下边蓝色的大海。典型例句Write your name below the line在线下写上你的名字。The cat was under the table猫在桌子下面。She put the letter under the pillow她把信放在枕头下。考点5：behind、in front of、in the front of的用法。 behind表示“在后面”。There is a new car behind the house. 在房子后面有一辆新车。 in front of表示“在（一个整体的）前面”。 in the front of 表示“在（一个整体前半部分的）前面”。典型例句：The driver is usually in the front of the car. 司机通常坐在汽车前面。An old man is standing in front of the car. 车前面站着一位老人。There are many books behind the box. 箱子后面有很多书。考点6：between、among的用法。 between表示“在（两者）之间”。My bedroom is between my two sisters. 我的卧室在2个姐姐房间之间 among表示“在(三者或三者以上）之间”。There is a black bag among all these bags. 在这些书包之中有个黑书包。典型例题 1There is a bank _ two buildings.A. among B. between C. in D. of答案：B典型例题 2I am sitting _ my parentsA. among B. between C. in D. of答案：B典型例题 3I see a beautiful flower _ the trees.A. among B. between C. in D. of 答案：A考点三：表示动向的介词考点1：into、out of的用法。into表示从外到里；out of 表示从里到外。I saw them go into the house. 我看见他们都走进了房子里。Lily runs out of the classroom. Lily跑出了教室。典型例题 1一只兔子从箱子里跳了出来。翻译：A rabbit jumps out of the box.典型例题 2老师带着一本书走进了教室。翻译：The teacher walked into the classroom with a book.典型例题 3I went _ the cinema to watch a filmA. into B. out of C. in D. on 答案：A考点2：up、down的用法。up表示向上；down表示向下。We climbed up the mountain to the top. 我们爬上了山顶。She opened the door and went down the stairs. 她打开门然后走下楼梯。考点3：across、through的用法。 across表示“从（表面）穿过”He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地穿过马路。The duck is swimming across the river. 鸭子正游过那条河。 through表示“从（里面）穿过”She walked through the forest alone. 她独自穿过森林。He wants to go out through the window. 他想从窗户出去。典型例题 1 Look left and right before you go _ the street.A. across B. through C. in D. on答案：A典型例题 2The sun goes _ the window.A. across B. through C. in D. on答案：B典型例题 3The train is going _ the tunnel.A. across B. through C. in D. on答案：B考点四：表示方式的介词考点1：表示方式的介词主要由by、 with、in等。 by表示“靠、用、以手段”。I always go to school by bus. 我总是坐公交车去上学。He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报纸营生。 with表示“使用（有形工具）、和一起、具有、带有”。He cut the cake with a knife. 他用到切蛋糕。I go to school with my friends. 我跟朋友一起去上学。The man with big eyes is my father. 这个大眼睛的男人是我爸。 in表示“用语言，以方式”。He can speak English. 他会说英语。典型例题 1He broke the window _ a stone.A. by B. with C. in D. from答案：B典型例题 2Whats this _ English?A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案：A典型例题 3My brother gets to school _ bus every day.A. in B. over C. by D. on 答案：C3、 巩固训练(2014常州市)1. It was really helpful him to take the cat to the animal center a rainy night.A. of; onB. of; atC. for; onD. for; at(2015常州市)2.-Would you like to visit the zoo with me now?-Sorry. Its_the visiting hours. Lets go there tomorrow.A. on B. over C. during D. beyond(2012连云港市)3. -Jack, is maths difficult to learn in High school?-Sure. No subject can be learned well _hard work.A. withoutB. throughC. byD. with(2013连云港市)4. - I d like a cup of black coffee. What about you, Maggie?- I prefer coffee _ sugar.A. than B. for C. with D. to(2015连云港市)5. -When is your birthday?-I was born _ December 17. This year Ill hold a birthday party for it at home.A. onB. atC. inD. by(2011南京市)6. TheweddingofPrinceWilliamwasheldinWestminsterCathedral_April29,2011.A. atB. inC. onD. by(2012南通市)7.In some western countries shops are closed_ weekends.A. in B. to C. at D. with(2016南通市)8.They went climbing the morning of May 1 and came back the afternoon.A.on；on B.in；in C.on；in D.in；on(2011苏州市)9.-When and where were you born?-I was born_ October 1st , 1998 _Suzhou.A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on(2014苏州市) 10.The castle stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the river.A.to B.for C.offD.out(2015苏州市)11. In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains zero all day. A. aboveB. belowC. overD. under(2016苏州市) 12. A good student connects what he reads what he sees around him .A. for B. with C. in D. on(2012泰州市)13. The moonlight is shining in the window. Everything in the room looks so nice.A. over B. across C. through D. past(2014泰州市)14. The 2014 Tournament Chess（国际象棋锦标赛）took place in Xinghua_March 11.A.in B.at C.on D.(2016泰州市)15. -As a nurse, her work goes taking care of her patients. -Yes, she always thinks of others.A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between(2011无锡市) 16.Books are made _ paper while paper is mainly made _ wood.A. of; of B. from; from C. of; from D. from; of(2012无锡市)17. Dont drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive _ the tunnel.A. past B. across C. over D. through(2013无锡市)18. Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays_zero.A. upB. downC. aboveD. below(2011宿迁市)19. I was born _ the morning _ February 25th, 1997.A. in; of B. on; in C. in; in D. on; of (2015宿迁市)20.-When will our guests arrive at the airport? -_ the evening of this Saturday.A. At B. Of C. In D. On(2012徐州市)21.The 30th London Olympic Games will begin _ 27th July 2012.A. in