2014高考英语突破(二十三).doc

2014高考英语突破（二十三）A 必会基础.单词速记A识记单词1_(adj.)在前的；早先的2_(n.)指导；向导；导游(vt.)指引；指导3_(vt.)容忍；忍受4_(vi.&vt.)缺乏；没有(n.)缺乏；短缺的东西5_(n.)开关；转换(vt.)转换6_(adj.)贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的B联想串记7_(n.)印象；感想；印记_(v.)使留下深刻印象_(adj.)给人深刻印象的8_(adj.)时常发生的；连续不断的_(adv.)不断地9_(n.)周围的事物；环境_(adj.)周围的_(vt.)围绕10_(n.)调整；调节_(vt.)调整；使适应11_(vi.&vt.)按；压；逼迫(n.)按；压；印刷；新闻_(n.)压力12_(adj.)乐观(主义)的_(反义词，adj.)悲观(主义)的13_(n.)瞬间；片刻(adj.)立即的；立刻的_(adv.)马上14_(n.)代表；典型人物(adj.)典型的；有代表性的_(v.)代表15_(n.)定居；解决_(v.)定居；解决答案：1.previous2.guide3.tolerate4.lack5.switch6greedy7.impression；impress；impressive8.constant；constantly9.surroundings；surrounding；surround10.adjustment；adjust11.press；pressure12.optimistic；pessimistic13.instant；instantly14.representative；represent15.settlement；settle.短语互译1拿起；接受；开始；继续_2(困境后)恢复；完全复原_3打扫；横扫_4(快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进_5加速_6losesightof_7beoptimisticabout_8besimilarto._9inalldirections_10underrepair_答案：1.takeup2.bebackononesfeet3.sweepup4slideinto5.speedup6.看不见7.对感到乐观8.与相似9.向四面八方10.在修理中.典句忆析A完成句子1特殊疑问词插入语(doyouthink/suppose/expect/believe等)陈述语序Whichproblems_(你认为)peoplewillhaveovercomeinonethousandyears?2形容词不定式(作状语)Atfirstmynewsurroundingswere_(难以忍受)3过去分词短语作状语_(由于缺少新鲜空气),myheadached.4what引导的名词性从句However,IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereached_(看上去像个大市场)becauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.5where引导定语从句Well,nowtheresasystem_(废弃物被处理)usingtheprinciplesofecology.B典句仿写1你为什么认为他们不会按时到呢？_2他的理论很难懂。_3受到老师责备，女孩开始哭了起来。_4他在会上说的话令每个与会者震惊。_5你能设想这个单词被使用的场合吗？_答案：A.1.doyouthink2.difficulttotolerate3.Hitbyalackoffreshair4.whatlookedlikealargemarket5.wherethewasteisdisposedofB1.Whydontyouthinktheywillarriveontime?2Histheoryisverydifficulttounderstand.3Scoldedbytheteacher,thegirlbegantocry.4Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.5Canyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?.要点串记运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵之。Hiswholemorning1._(被占据)withthemeetingandhisheadachedwhenitwasfinallyover.Justatthattime,theassistantcameinand2._(提醒)himthatitwastimeforhimtomeetthecustomerattheairport.Lookingathiswatch,he3._(突然站起来)andrushedoutofhisofficeintohiscar.Worriedabout4._(留下不好的印象)thecustomer,he5._(加速)hiscaronthewaybutgottheresomeminuteslate.Amongallthepeople6._(在四面八方),he7._(看见)thecustomerwhowaswaitingforhim,8._(没有)patience.Hehurriedtotheman,thinkingofthecomingholiday.答案：1.wastakenup2.reminded3.jumpedtohisfeet4makingapoorimpressionon5.speededup6.inalldirections7.caughtsightof8.lackingB 巩固提高.单词拼写1Weare_(乐观的)thatthemainlandandTaiwanwillunifyinthenearfuture.2Hecanhardlyfindajobinthecanteen,becausehehasno_(先前的)experienceofthiskindofjob.3ThepeopleinIraqlivedahardlife,becauseitwas_(不断地)hitbywar.4The_(周围的)sceneryisverybeautiful.5Theprojectfaileddueto_(缺乏)ofmoney.6Ifyou_(按)thebutton,themachinewillstart.7He_(带领)usthroughthenarrowstreetstothecentralmosque.8Shecaughthiseyesforan_(瞬间)9Hiswonderfulspeechmadeastrong_(印象)onhisaudience.10Theworkersandthebosshavereacheda_(协议)overnewworkingconditions.答案：1.optimistic2.previous3.constantly4.surrounding5lack6.press7.guided8.instant9.impression10settlement.完成句子1Themanstoodatthebankwavingtohisfriendsuntilhe_(看不见他们的船只)2Bobswifeinsistedthatheshouldbuyherabagwhich_(与她朋友的类似)3Thethief_(加速)whenherealizedthathewasbeingfollowedbyapolicecar.4Tomthoughtcarefullyforseveraldaysanddecidedto_(接受工作)5Irecognizedher_(我一看见她)答案：1.lostsightoftheirboat2.wassimilartoherfriends3.spedup4.takeupthejob5.theinstantIsawher.作文练笔先将下面几个句子翻译成英语，然后连成一篇小短文。1我对未来的生活感到非常乐观。到那时我们生存的环境将更加舒适漂亮。2人们再也不会为缺乏能源而发愁，因为到那时，太阳能、风能、潮汐能(tidalenergy)已经得到充分利用，海水将取代石油转化成能源。3家家都有机器人。机器人可以帮助人们打扫卫生、做饭、照看孩子等。4只需按一下开关，悬浮汽车(hovercars)就可以飞往四面八方。5这就是我们未来的生活。_答案：Imoptimisticaboutlifeinthefuture.Bythattimethesurroundingswherewelivewillbemoreconvenientandbeautiful.Peoplewillnotworryaboutlackofenergyanylongerbecausesolarenergy,windenergyandtidalenergywillhavebeenmadefulluseofandseawaterwillbeswitchedintoenergyaswell,takingtheplaceofoil.Therewillberobotsineveryfamily,whichcanhelppeoplesweepupthehouses,cookmeals,lookafterthebabiesandsoon.Onlybypressingaswitchcanhovercarsflyinalldirections.Thisiswhatourlifewillbelikeinthefuture.方法与思考本节聚焦：阅读理解答题策略(四)如何提炼主旨大意“mainidea”型主旨大意题也属于阅读理解中的深层理解题。这种题型中的干扰项通常和文章中的某一细节有关，因此许多考生往往只根据文中的某一信息盲目确定答案。(1)运用略读法迅速浏览全文，特别注意文章的首句、尾句，或各段落的首句和尾句。(2)找准主题句。主题句通常是在一个段落的段首或段尾，偶尔在段落的中间。有的文章无明显的主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，文章中往往会反复出现某个中心词，即高频词，也称主题词。抓住主题词，对于理解文章的主旨大意会很有帮助。典例(2011北京高考)AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelectricalgenerating(发电)andtransmission(输送)systemforthe21stcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesurroundingcommunity.Thesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround.The19thcenturysawlandgrants(政府拨地)offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.InmuchoftheWest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement,withthecompletionoftheinterstatehighwaysystemmanyofthesmalltownswhichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.BigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintintheWest,thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthem.Weneedalternativeenergybadly,andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.Sotrade?offswillhavetobemade.Somescenicsportswillbesacrificed.Somespecies(物种)willbeforcedtomove,orwillbecarefullymovedtospecialaccommodations.Dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade?offsareanothermatter.The21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanWestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneyintheregion.Therearechancesforthatpowerandmoneytodoalotofgood.Butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliketherailroadsandthehighways.Themoneysetasideinnegotiatedtrade?offsandtheinstitutionsthatcontrolitwillshapetheWestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsandtransmissionlines.Soletsremembertheeffectsoftherailroadsandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsinthewest.1Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?AThetransmissionofpower. B.Theuseofmoneyandpower.CTheconservationofsolarenergy.D.Theselectionofanidealplace.解析：主旨大意题。文章或段落的主题作者往往会反复论述。根据文章倒数第二段The21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanWestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneyintheregion.Therearechancesforthatpowerandmoneytodoalotofgood.不难看出powerandmoney是其主要关注的问题，因此B项正确。答案：B2Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?AHowtheRailwaysHaveAffectedtheWest.BHowSolarEnergyCouldReshapetheWest.CHowtheEffectsofPowerPlantsCanBeReduced.DHowtheProblemsoftheHighwaysHaveBeenSettled.解析：选择标题考查主旨大意的方法之一。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式，它短小、恰当且醒目。通读全文，特别是从文章首句我们不难看出本文主要讲述美国西部建设中存在的电力问题以及在西部建造太阳能发电站的可行性问题，故B项为最佳选项。答案：B误区警示：对于主旨大意题，我们要准确地把握短文的主要内容，既不能以局部细节代替全部，也不能表达得太宽泛或涵盖范围过大，贴切准确是最主要的。比如选择标题性题目，我们可以采用逆向思维法去验证，即通过你选的题目，能否想到本文的主要内容。/www68uoo/http:/www.xmn