外文翻译--压力机.doc

附录英文翻译Lever body is a 500 t, 600 t, 800 t, 1300 t, 2000 t mechanical press on an important component mold clamping body parts, is the companys key project trial. Currently, foreign-made lever body is formed in the die forging hammer, forging internal quality and appearance than those of good quality. Forging abroad as domestic manufacturers do not have the condition, only in the free forging hammer on the shape, quality is hard to meet the design requirements. As the lever body parts surface more, if completely rely on forming, not only difficult process, and present material waste, processing cycles, high costs; In addition, as lever shaped body of work load is large, the mechanical performance requirements of materials higher. The process forming the lever body, the Central Department of fiber unreasonably difficult to guarantee quality of the work lever body. Thus, according to technical conditions existing programs to determine forging manufacturing with membranes and to identify with the local combination of forging and free forging methods.Using such a forging process has the following advantages:(1) leverage with the local body after the ring Die Department of fibers reasonable to ensure the quality forgings;(2), compared with the overall forging, die length, 1.9 times shorter, the module small size, low cost; (3) can gain leverage in the 400 kg pneumatic hammer directly on the molding, to improve efficiency. In contrast, the overall die forging hammer blow in the 400 kg pre-forging, pneumatic hammer, shaping the 3t, modules large high labor intensity, low efficiency; (4) plus the free use of local Forging Process, production preparation period is short, can quickly form a production capacity;(5) reduced cold difficulty, shortened processing cycles, saving processing costs. Therefore, the use of local plus free forging die forging process scheme can only guarantee the quality forgings, while head of production efficiency, and cost advantages. But the materials and manufacturing processes on the next blank requirements more stringent, through batch experiments, the final in the actual production has been successful.Punching device is a colossal, sophisticated national defense building, in particular the basis of currency such as the automotive industry to equip and strategic industry. Gear transmission system is a mechanical press stamping equipment, particularly in the important parts. In the mechanical press, the impact load is the main form loads, gear transmission system for the strength of this has important implications. Therefore, the impact of meshing gears under load by a lot of attention.Mechanical press mechanical transmission, mainly through pressure on the metals processing. The soil in the metal machining process is often accompanied by intense pressure changes, so that transmission system to withstand shock loading. Most mechanical press drive system composed by the gear. Undertaken in a variety of mechanical press processing, the soil pressure increase or a decrease with the trip, in the part of the work area will maintain a certain pressure. Which therefore legitimate soil shear processing the most intense pressure, measured experimentally in a series of measurement points to n times Lagrange interpolation polynomial curve fitting.Impact load is the stamping device suffered a major type of loading is an important factor affect the gear transmission system. This paper analyzes the form of stamping equipment load, and through the establishment of the impact load curve fitting expression. Hertz theory of elastic collision subsequently established on the basis of the impact loads of gear meshing force under the simulation model, simulation of the gear meshing force, and the impact of different peak loads meshing force were studied, and simulation results analysis. Simulation results show that the impact load of gear meshing force has a significant impact. Which showed a cyclical oscillation stable load characteristics, and impact loads type affected the form of the gear mesh, and Japan as the load increases, the amplitude of fast decay in the peak section, decay rate increases as the peak load speed. Meanwhile, the gear meshing force to enter and exit the work area at the stage of presentation of the oscillation peaks changes. Pressure characteristics of these oscillations for the gear strength greater impact. In the gear design process, according to the simulation results, combined with dynamic load calculation method to estimate can be more precise gear dynamic load factor, use factor and other gear strength calculation of key parameters, and thus 10 gear strength design is an important reference value. This is similar to the mechanical press to impact load-based gear transmission system, the design of the improved transmission system has an important reference.Although the product has the structure of the domestic mechanical press design has become relatively hot, but in its design and development, as the designers negligence and misunderstanding, as well as products used in the process of understanding of technical requirements and characteristics of small permeability, lack of knowledge. This will occur often a lack of consideration or error on the press and ultimately lead to quality problems. Design defects and improvements:(1). Press crankshaft support at the design flaw: the original design of the crankshaft is supported at both ends fixed.fig.1Improvement measures: conventional design, the general bearing of the support shaft with the rear axle can be free to consider the heat expansion. Therefore, a bearing is stationary and the other in the axial bearings must have the possibility of expansion. Similarly, the crankshaft, because the relationship between the temperature only at one end of the crankshaft bearing was limited to location, the other must be left asking the axial bearing gap, so the crankshaft can work in the long-term rise in temperature of press freedom after the expansion.(2).Crankshaft stress concentration: Design flaw: the original design of the crankshaft stress concentration is very serious, especially in the crank and crank to move both sides then Office of the crankshaft bearing alternating load fatigue very bad.fig.2Improvement: For higher power transmission crankshaft, the bearing load mostly alternating fatigue load. In order to improve the fatigue strength of the crankshaft to reduce weight and small need to reduce its own rotary inertia, the general design of a small crank should take solid structure. Improved, with hollow structure, this structure allows a small but original stress concentration stress distribution, so rounding flat part of the stress, but also to the order of heat treatment induced residual stress elimination.Chinas press manufacturing is rapidly forward. Now, the domestic press a wide range of variety, the following describes a typical product usage and structural performance:J23 Series Open Back Inclinable PressPurpose and structure performance:The inclinable frame made of cast iron make the work piece or scrap to slide down from the die. The press adopts a rolling key clutch and has two operation modes: single stroke and continuous stroke. The friction brake is used. Fixed with the slide, the overload protector will be damaged to protect the machine from overloading. This press has wide range of application, high precision, reliable performance and easy operation. The press can realize semi-automation production if fixed with the automatic feeder 。 Users can choose emergency stop equipment for the press above 25 tons. JE Series C Type High Performance Press With Fix BedPurpose and structure performance:Square figure long guide with six friction faces makes abrasion resis; imported hydraulic overload protector has sensitive response and reli; wet clutch engages stably with low noise, which belongs to long-term; closed bevel gear, dipped in lube, which drives stably with low noise; slide with counter balancer, which will eliminate the clearance and; intermittent auto lubrication makes every point get fine and safe lu; infinite speed variation equipment is easy for die changing; PLC electric control system is safe and reliable; air cushion, photo guard, auto feeder, speed die changing are optional.SH Series Super High Speed PressPurpose and structure performance:The series of three-dimensional CAD design press, after the finite element stress analysis, modal analysis, to meet international standards. Especially suitable for the production of electrical connectors, EI core, the motor rotor and other small parts machining. This model is a continuous high-speed press for the purpose of automatic punch. Slider movement has a very high running accuracy, both the production of high precision and high-volume, quality, excellent products, they can mold to maintain good long-term accuracy. High-strength alloy cast body, after thermal treatment, has good rigidity, good shock absorption, deformation of small advantages. The form of slide-oriented three-round lead with column-free space in the static structure, solved the accuracy problem when high-speed operation using four-point supporting the crankshaft bearings, can guarantee high speed, high capacity and guarantee .Devices using dynamic balance (B type), installed in the crankshaft on the dynamic reverse device to reduce the machine before and after running up and down the vibration force, high-precision machines to facilitate the maintenance of long-circulating oil cooling device (B type), cooling agents and lubricants in the double tube reverse circulation and moderate, to control the oil temperature does not rise, oil would not be bad, and membership of various lubricants cycle control activities in parts of the machine temperature, so that changes in the machine to reduce thermal expansion minimum, to get the best and stable under the dead slider to adjust the precision hydraulic locking device, in high speed stamping operations, can be a highly accurate stability under the dead to life with products, precision die to achieve low inertia smooth clutch, brake quickly forced lubrication system, high-volume, continuous oil, pressure testing, to ensure the reliability of lubrication.JF75G Series H Type High Speed Precision PressPurpose and structure performance: Through finite element and mode analysis and 3D CAD design, JF75G series straight high speed precision has fine construction and is suitable for manufacturing motor rotor and microelectronic etc. Fixed with auto feeder, the press will realize high efficient and precision punching. The overall framework of the combined pre-bed, four screw preload up to twice the nominal power and better rigidity; Slide octahedral orientation, accuracy and stability by balancing structure; at the same time using the balance cylinder, spindle dynamic accuracy better support and more use of imported high-precision bearings, machine tool rigidity and improved running stability, reducing the total clearance and support parts of heat cooling, lubrication good CVT, touch screen human-computer interface, easy to operate micro-computer electric control system, external electrical components minimum, high stability, can replace them on their own board, easy maintenance.JE31 Series Closed Single Point PressPurpose and structure performance:This series of presses with the overall frame structure, good rigidity, high dynamic accuracy, spacious work space, is widely used in precision machining and automation. Welded steel body, frame semi-enclosed structure, small deformation, stiffness; Box 6 side rails, precision and good stability; Combined pneumatic friction clutch brake, motor lubrication; Hydraulic overload protection, electric can be equipped with PLC control another quick die, air, photoelectric protection device, automatic feeding device and transmission device.JK31 Series Semi H Type High Speed PressPurpose and structure performance: With AutoCAD, the designation of JK31 series presses are fully considering the dynamic precision at high speed, bottom dead center changing, vibration and noise, which makes sure of high quality products at high speed. The efficiency of JK21 series presses is 6-10 times of normal presses. The punched accessories has high precision, the die has long service life, while the press will also save human resource and material. This series presses are appropriate for precision punching and silicon, steel plate, chain, disc spring etc. It is widely used in the fields as electric motor, low voltage apparatus, instrument, light industry. The press is especially used for middle steel plate punching. Welded H straight frame with quality steel which means good rigidity and little distortion; Square figure and long guide with six friction-faces makes sure of abrasion resistant and stable precision; hydraulic overloading protector can give die more accurate and quick protection. And the press will recover in few seconds if overload; fixed with friction clutch and brake, closed bevel gear with dipped lube. Slide with counter balancer. Run smoothly and make low noises; intermittent auto lubrication makes every point get fine and safe lubrication. Long service life is saved; PLC controller makes sure of sensitive motion and reliable performance; speed die changing, air cushion, photo guard, auto feeder are optional; infinitely variable speed device is used for adjusting speed. The frame of A type is strengthening semi-closed structure. The bearings of main shaft and connecting rod adopt rolling bearings. The guide way adopts rolling six faces structure. A type press is more rigid, faster with high precision than standard products.JH31 Series Closed Single Point PressThe press, with steel structure frame of high strength and high precision is suitable for blanking, punching, bending, molding, amendment, pulling and stretching, hot trimming and other punching works. The press of JH31 series is widely used for the industry of automobile, tractor, agricultural machine, electric appliance, gauge, bearing, light industry, weave, mechanism, aviation and arm. Feature: the frame and slide all adopts welded steel; double helical gear driving; the press adopts import or self-made dry pneumatic clutch and brake; slide with foursquare and eight friction faces, which has the structure of guide pillar and guide bush, could assure high precision; import double safety valve of high quality could assure safe and stable operation; import hydraulic overload protector, components of sensitive response and quick reset; power-driven close height adjustment is easy for using and maintaining; PLC controller and double circuit electric system; standard pneumatic air cushion; hydraulic, electric and pneumatic components adopt famous products of good quality, which could assure low failure rate; intermittent power-driven thin oil lubrication assures safety and labor saving; the press could realize clutch angle, oil pressure, lubrication trouble, hydraulic overload protector and other complete machine automatic interlocking and monitoring.Eccentric load permissible: press the contents of eccentric load should be based on production, parts precision, die life to be considered in determining the die parallel degree and extent of bias after allowing it to withstand the press consider, so eccentric loading only allow the load to be considered by the press to judge is not desirable. Press in the actual production components (slider, table, with a beam frame, crankshaft, connecting rod and the press plate, etc.) to withstand eccentric loads as deformation, so the parallel degree will be various irregularities. But, for the general component, especially on the slider, table of deformation, the flexural deformation in thousandths, is negligible. For example, to tighten the slider bolt deflection pitch (1 / 6000 - 1 / 8000) L.Slider bearing eccentric load will result in torque, so do the slider tilt movement, and thus the resistance, double-action press resistance than the single-action press large, multi-point press than a large single point. Exercise regularly in the eccentric press the state will have the following effects:(1) affect the dynamic accuracy of the press, such as parallelism and perpendicularity.(2) the impact of mold life, blade gap more difficult to ensure the day.(3) increase the slider and guide the local pressure, speed up the local wear.(4) speed up the plunger driven set of lateral wear of copper, increase the gap caused by oil spills.(5) to accelerate the crank, gears, keys and other parts of the fatigue stress. Press eccentric load capacity of slider bearing slider and the guide to consider the shape and size, and frame strength and stiffness. Press manufacturers in the press have provided instructions in.中文翻译杠杆体是500 t, 600 t, 800 t, 1300 t, 2000 t机械压力机上模具夹紧机构的重要组成零件，是公司试制攻关项目。目前，在国外制造杠杆体是在模锻锤上成形，锻件内部质量及外观质量均较优良。由于国内不具备国外锻造厂制造条件，只能在自由锻锤上成形，质量难以符合设计要求。由于杠杆体零件曲面较多，如果完全依靠加工成形，不仅加工难度大，而目材料浪费严重，加工周期长，成本高;此外，由于杠杆体所受工作载荷较大，对材料的机械性能要求较高。而加工成形的杠杆体，其环部纤维极不合理，难以保证杠杆体的工作质量。因此，根据现有技术条件确定采用胎膜锻造方案进行制造，并确定采用局部模锻与自由锻相结合的方法进行锻造成形。采用此种锻造工艺具有以下优点：（1）采用局部模锻后杠杆体环部纤维分布合理，保证了锻件质量；（2）与整体模锻相比，模具长度缩短了1.9倍，模块体积小、费用低；（3）杠杆体可以在400 kg空气锤上直接成型，提高工作效率。相比而言，整体模锻击在400 kg锤上预锻，在3t空气锤上成型，模块大，劳动强度高，工作效率低； （4）采用局部模锻加自由锻成形工艺，生产准备周期短，能较快地形成生产能力； （5）降低冷加工难度，缩短加工周期，节约加工成本. 因此，采用局部模锻加自由锻的工艺方案不但可以保证锻件质量，而目生产效率高，具有成本优势，。但此工艺方法对下料及制坯要求比较严格，经过批量试验，最终在实际生产中获得了成功。冲压设备是关系国计民生、国防尖端建设、特别是汽车工业等的基础币要装备和战略性产业。齿轮传动系统是冲压设备特别是机械压力机中的重要部件。在机械压力机中，冲击载荷是其主要的负荷形式，这对于齿轮传动系统强度有重要的影响。因此，冲击载荷下的齿轮啮合力受到了广泛的关注。机械压力机主要通过机械传动对金属进行压力加工。而在金属的机械加土过程中往往都伴随着压力的激烈变化，使传动系统承受冲击载荷。机械压力机的传动系统大部分都是由齿轮组成。在机械压力机承担的各种加工中，加土压力随着行程增加或者一减少，在部分工作区域也会维持一定的压力。其中剪切加土中的加工压力变化最为剧烈，利用实