TPO-26听力解析.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除TPO 26 听力解析Conversation1(场景分类后勤问题)Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a university print shop employee.StudentHi. I saw your ad in the campus news paper.EmployeeOh. We dont have any job opening right now. StudentOh, no. I meant the other ad, about the services you provide for students. (1)You see, I have been working at the campus tutoring center as a math tutor. But things have changed, including my schedule. And now I want to start doing tutoring work independently. But in order to, basically, start my own business, I need to get the work out.EmployeeOK.StudentI was thinking I should get something printed up that I can hand out to people.EmployeeAh. Well, actually, I just printed up some great-looking flyers for someone doing the same thing.StudentFlyers. Yeah, thats an idea. I guess then I could post them around the campus.EmployeeYeah. And you can hand them out too. But, oh, you know what? I did something really neat for someone last week. She didnt want to go the traditional route, you know, business cards, flyers, so we customized pencils for her.StudentPencils?Employee(3)Yeah. You know, a little message printed on the pencil.StudentOh, thats cool.EmployeeYeah. But you should know, its not our cheapest option. (2)Oh, and you know those little sticky notes?StudentYou do those too?EmployeeWell, we did once. I think those bright pieces of paper would be real attention getters. You know, student use them all the time, so they should be good for business. I dont know why we havent done more.StudentWow.EmployeeSo youve got some options.StudentRight. Well, what about business cards? My friend has these business cards. She does tutoring too. And she got them at this place in town, but they were kind of expensive.EmployeeFor business card? Well, I dont know what your friend paid. But we could do something real simple and it wouldnt be much. Like for a batch of 250 for one of our standard designs, 20 dollars maybe.Student20 dollars sounds okay.EmployeeNow, there are some other choices thatll affect the cost. You know, like different background patters, using color ink, that sort of thing. And it also depends on how many words you want to include.StudentOK. Well, I know what I want them to say. (3)But I am just thinking, I kind of like that pencil idea.EmployeeYeah. I thought it was neat. Now, of course you can only fit your name and phone number, and like, in your case, math tutoring on it.StudentRight. (4)Well, I could custom design the business cards through, right? Thats what my friend did. She said she designed them at the computer right there at the print shop.EmployeeWell, you can do that here too. But a custom design would be a bigger investment for your business than one of our standard designs.StudentWell, I dont know. I am interested in business cards, so (5)can I look at the standard designs?词汇：此文档仅供学习与交流hand out 分发flyer n. 传单route n. 路线customize v. 定做sticky adj. 粘的getter 获得者custom design 定制设计standard design 标准设计题目：1. Why does the student go to speak to the man?A. To discuss a job opportunity she had heard aboutB. To learn about options for advertising her businessC. To see if she can change a previous print orderD. To discuss a design idea that she has for business cards2. What does the man imply about customized sticky notes?A. They require more time to produce than other print products.B. They are less effective at attracting business than business cards.C. They are not usually available at other print shops.D. They should be a more popular choice of advertising than they are.3. What does the man imply are the disadvantages of using pencils to advertise? Click on 2 answers.A. They are easy to lose.B. They might be more difficult to distribute.C. There is not much space for a message.D. They cost more than other methods.4. What did the student learn from her friends experience?A. The print shop in town processes orders quickly.B. Some print shops let customers design their own business cards.C. The university print shop has special discounts for students.D. Distributing business cards can attract a lot of attention to a tutoring business.5. What can be inferred about the student when she says this:A. She is concerned about the cost of a custom design.B. She thinks a simple design would attract more customers.C. She would like to invest more money in business cards.D. She would like to take advantage of the discount offered by the man.Lecture 1(学科分类社会学)Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an advertising class.Professor(6)Last class someone asked about green marketing. Green marketing refers to companies promoting the products as environmentally friendly. Companies often turn to advertising experts to help them do this.Green marketing seems recent, but advertising professionals grew interest in it several decades ago. The seeds for green marketing were probably planted in 1970, when the first Earth Day took place. Rallies all over the United States were organized to protest environmental degradation. Some 20 million demonstrators participated in that first Earth Day. And it helped spark dozens of environmental laws. The biggest was the Endangered Species Act of 1973, which protects imperiled animal species from extinction. There was also passage of the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act was strengthened.Earth Day, Environmental Laws, Environmental Issues in the news, Being Green was entering the mainstream. And business started saying, hey, we can get involved in this. So in 1975, a major advertising trade group held its first workshop on ecological marketing. A few years later, we began seeing ads tapping into peoples environmental concerns.(11)But some green marketers learned the hard way, green marketing must still involve all the same principles of a traditional marketing campaign. Your ad must attract attention, stimulate consumers interest, create a desire for your product, and motivate people to take action to buy your product.(8)So let me tell you about one green marketing campaign that failed at first and explain why. It was for a compact fluorescent light bulb. Well call it the eco-light. It was first introduced, I believe, in the late 90s. It cost far more than a regular incandescent bulb. The advertising message was basically, “use this eco-light and save the planet”. But that message wasnt effective. Research shows that consumers dont want to let go of any traditional product attributes, like convenience, price and quality. Even though surveys indicate that almost everybody cares about the environment. So the company reintroduced the eco-light with a new message, one that emphasized cost savings, that the eco-light lowers electric bills and lasts for years. So its good for earth, cost-effective and convenient because it doesnt have to be changed every few months. This ad campaign worked like a charm.(9)Something else, uh, the company that makes the co-light, researchers would consider it an extreme green company. Not only because its products are energy-efficient, but because the company tries to reduce its environmental impact in other ways, too. Like in addition to selling earthfriendly products, its offices and factories are designed to conserve energy and use all sorts of recycled materials. A company that only recycles office paper, researchers would classify as a lean green company. And there are other degrees of greenness in between. (10)So if your green marketing strategys gonna work, your message should be valid on all dimensions. When a company as a whole is credited for reducing its environmental impact, this can lead to brand loyalty. People will come back and buy your product more and more. However, lets say youre fine for violating the Clean Water Act while manufacturing products from recycled materials. The public would eventually find out. You cant just make the claim that a product is environmentally friendly and not follow through on. 词汇：seed n. 萌芽protest v. 抗议degradation n. 退化demonstrator n. 示威者imperiled adj. 陷于危险的mainstream n. 主流workshop n. 工场fluorescent adj. 荧光的light bulb 电灯泡incandescent bulb 白炽灯泡let go of 放弃valid adj. 有效的dimension n. 维brand n. 商标题目：6. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Reasons that environmentally friendly products often cost more than other productsB. Evidence that environmentally laws helped increase demand for environmentally friendly productsC. Differences between green marketing and traditional marketingD. The development of a trend to market products as environmentally friendly7. How does the professor organize the lecture?A. She gives some historical background, then she presents a case study.B. She describes several environmental friendly products, then she explains how the public responded to them.C. She describes a problem, then she proposes several possible solutions.D. She describes an approach to advertising, then she explains why it is often ineffective.8. According to the professor, why did the first effort to market the Eco-light fail?A. The ads did not explain that the Eco-light was environmentally friendly.B. The ads did not mention the long-term cost savings that result from using the Eco-light.C. The ads for the Eco-light were too long and detailed.D. The process used to manufacture the Eco-light damaged the environment.9. What does the professor imply when she mentions companies that are “extreme green” and “lean green”?A. Some companies have used the terms “extreme green” and “lean green” in their ads.B. A system is available to classify companies according to their environmental programs.C. There are important aspects of green marketing that have been neglected by researchers.D. Marketers need to be creative to keep people interested in environmental issues.10. What opinion does the professor express about companies that use green advertising campaigns?A. The companies should consult environmentalists when developing the campaigns.B. The companies should publicize research that supports the claims made in their advertisements.C. The companies should be fully committed to protecting the environment.D. The companies should find ways to lower the price of their environmentally friendly products.11. What does the professor imply when she says this: A. Some green marketing campaigns are difficult to implement.B. Some marketing principles need to be updated.C. The point she is making is difficult to explain.D. Some marketers had unpleasant experiences with green campaigns.Lecture2 (学科分类生物学)Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology classProfessorOK. Just before the end of the last class, we started talking about trace metals, metals found in living organisms in very small quantities that serve an important biological, important nutritive function in those organisms. And one trace metal that serves a nutritive function is zinc. (12)Zinc assists in a number of processes in humans, but we are going to focus on just one, one that applies to a number of organisms, not just humans. See, zinc plays a major role in carbon cycling, the conversion of various kinds of molecules with carbon, Iike carbon dioxide, into other kinds of molecules with carbon that organisms can use. So, take respiration. Our bodies, our cells produce carbon dioxide when they break down sugars. We need to get the CO2 out of our bodies, so the CO2 is converted into carbonic acid, which the blood is able to carry to the lungs. Once the carbonic acid reaches the lungs, its converted back into carbon dioxide so that we can breathe it out. Now, this whole conversion process relies on a particular enzyme. Uh, who remembers what an enzyme is? Bob?StudentUh, its a protein, a specific kind of protein, one that speeds up chemical reactions.Professor(13)Exactly. Different enzymes assist in different chemical reactions. Now, the one that speeds up the conversion of carbon dioxide has zinc in it. So this zinc enzyme is critical for getting CO2 out of our bodies through the lungs. And its also extremely important for plants. Bob, can you tell us why?StudentFor making food, for photosynthesis?ProfessorExactly. For photosynthesis. Plants also convert carbon dioxide into different forms of carbon-containing molecules and the conversion process used relies on the very same enzyme that works in humans. So zinc is also important for plants. OK. (14)But zinc is scarce in certain environments. And its particularly scarce in waters near the surface of rivers and lakes and shallower parts of oceans, which might make us wonder how plants could live there at all. In fact, there are a lot of marine plants that survive, that grow and reproduce in surface waters. In particular, there are a lot of diatoms. Diatoms are microscopic, photosynthetic organisms and they are a major source of food for other organisms in the ocean. (15)There are a number of different types of diatoms, and, well, diatoms play a very important role in the carbon cycling process, because they help make carbon available to other organisms in deeper parts of the ocean. The carbon that these diatoms use in photosynthesis is transferred to other parts of the ocean when the diatoms are eaten, say, by a fish that absorbs the carbon and then swims to another part of the ocean, or when diatoms die and fall to the ocean floor.So how did diatoms survive if zinc is so scarce? Well, recently researchers discovered that a specific type of diatom makes a different enzyme that serves the same purpose. But this enzyme doesnt contain zinc. Instead this new enzyme incorporates another trace metal, cadmium. Kelly, youve got a question?StudentYeah. I thought cadmium was toxic. Didnt you say that?Professor(16)It is poisonous to humans. Uh. actually, we used to think that it was toxic to all biological life, that it didnt serve any biological purpose. But new study suggests that cadmium can actually substitute for zinc, that organisms can use it instead of zinc when there isnt enough zinc in their environment. (17)Now, the discovery of this cadmiumbased enzyme is really important for a number of reasons. Its actually the first enzyme we have discovered that uses cadmium. So its possible that other not so typical trace metals may be used in chemical processes, that marine organisms might make enzymes from other trace metals when the essential one is scarce. And there may be other types of diatoms that use cadmium to cycle carbon. But theres something else to think about. What is one of the most common greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, one of the major culprits in global warming. Carbon dioxide, right? Now, if all these diatoms are taking carbon dioxide from the surface, converting it and transporting it to the bottom of the ocean, well, maybe theres more to that whole process, that cycle, something that weve overlooked. So further research might tell us more about these warming cycles too. 词汇：trace metal 微量金属nutritive adj. 有营养的zinc n. 锌conversion n. 转变 molecule n. 微粒respiration n. 呼吸作用break down 分解carbonic acid 碳酸lung n. 肺enzyme n. 酶photosynthesis n. 光合作用scarce adj. 缺乏的diatom n. 硅藻microscopic adj. 微观的cadmium n. 镉toxic adj. 中毒的substitute n. 代用品culprit n. 罪犯题目：12. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The discovery of a previously unknown trace metalB. The role trace metals play in carbon cyclingC. Ways that living organisms rid themselves of trace metalsD. Ways that zinc interacts with carbon dioxide13. What does the professor imply about the conversion of carbon dioxide molecules in plants?A. It is an unusually complex chemical process.B. It only takes place in full sunlight.C. It proceeds slowly when cadmium is present.D. It is regulated by an enzyme that may contain zinc 14.14. According to the professor, why is it surprising that many marine plants are able to survive near the surface of oceans?A. Weather conditions near the surface disrupt certain life processes.B. The salt content of surface waters is constantly changing.C. Surface waters contain low quantities of zinc.D. Surface waters absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.15. According to the professor, what important function do diatoms serve?A. They alter cadmium so it is less toxic to humans.B. They help cycle zinc in places where it is scarce.C. They distribute carbon throughout the ocean.D. They remove cadmium from the ocean floor.16. What point does the professor make when she talks about cadmium being poisonous to humans?A. That cadmium and zinc can serve a similar function in plant enzymesB. That both cadmium and zinc are rare in plant enzymesC. That most trace metals are poisonous to humansD. That cadmium does not serve any biological purpose17. The professor states that the discovery of an enzyme containing cadmium is important. What are two reasons that this discovery is important?Click on 2 answers.A. It may lead to the discovery of new enzymes that use other trace metals.B. It may explain the oceans increased level of carbon dioxide.C. It may explain the scarcity of some elements in the ocean.D. It may help scientist better understand global warming.Conversation2(场景分类老师办公室)Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and her biology professor. Professor(2)Hi, Jean. How was theuh, the conference, right? The conference on volunteerism? Thats where you were last week. StudentYeah. It was great. I met a lot of people from some really amazing organizations that are working in the area. Now it would be a lot easier to get students to volunteer in the commu