过去分词作定语VIP

1 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式 从性质上讲 过去分词相当于形容词和 副词 因此它在句子中可以作定语 表语 宾补和状语 过去分词一般含有完 成或被动的意思 下面我们重点学习其作定语和表语的用法 一 过去分词作定语 1 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义 常作前置定语 有的过去分词如 given left 等习惯上后置 a lost animal 一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一根受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币 Complete the sentences with the words given 用所给的词完成句子 注意 过去分词作定语时 有时只表示被动含义 spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习 少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成含义 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the advanced countries 发达国家 a retired teacher 一名退休教师 2 过去分词短语作定语常常放在被修饰的名词之后 表示被动或完成意义 How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods 我多懊悔在树林里浪费的时光啊 I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服 The books written by Lu Xun are popular 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎 We 11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥 注意 过去分词短语作定语时在意义上相当于一个定语从句 The book bought yesterday cost me ten yuan The book that was bought yesterday cost me ten yuan 昨天买的这本书花了我十元钱 The houses built last year were destroyed by the earthquake The houses which were built last year were destroyed by the earthquake 去年建的房子被这场地震毁了 二 过去分词作表语 1 过去分词作表语 表示主语的特点或所处的状态 前面的系动词有包括 be 在内的多种形式 Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言 在场的所有人都很振奋 2 过去分词作表语 构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别 2 过去分词作表语 强调主语的特点或所处的状态 而被动语态中 主语是 动词所表示动作的承受者 This shop is now closed 这家商店现在已经关门了 状态 This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday 这家商店每天 6 点关门 动作 注意 当用作表语的过去分词表示人的某种感情或情绪时 含有 感 到 之意 常用来修饰人 He was excited at being admitted to Beijing University 他很高兴被北京大学录取了 My son was very disappointed when he heard the news 听到这个消息我的儿子非常失望 练习 1 From your voice I have to say that you are really A disappointed disappointed B disappointing disappointing C disappointed disappointing D disappointing disappointed 2 This is the problem at the meeting yesterday A being discussed B discussed C to be discussed D having discussed 3 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company as 3M A knowing B known C being known D to be known 4 Don t use words expression or phrases only to people with specific knowledge A being known B having been known C to be known D known 5 The Olympic Games in 776 BC did not include women players until 1912 A first played B to be first played C first playing D to be first playing 6 The flowers sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature A to smell B smelling C smelt D to be smelt 有关过去分词做定语用法 请注意以下几个问题 1 过去分词用作前 置定语 若是单个的过去分词或只带副词修饰的单个过去分词做定语 通常置 于所修饰的名词前 此时过去分词具有形容词的特点 侧重状态和比较永久的 特点 例如 a broken window 一扇坏了的窗户 a recently built house 最近 建造的一所房子 We need more experienced teachers 我们需要更多有经验的老师 3 温馨提示 有时为了强调 单个的过去分词做定语也可以置于被修饰的名 词后面 例如 Do you know the number of the books ordered 你知道订购了多 少书吗 Money spent is more than money earned 入不敷出 2 过去分词用作后置定语 若是过去分词短语做定语 则通常置于被 修饰的名词之后 此时过去分词既有形容词的特征 又有动词的特点 但主要 突出动词的特征 且不像前置定语那样具有永久性的特点 做后置定语的过去 分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分 在语法上相当于一个定语从句 例如 We ll talk about the problem discussed that which was discussed at the meeting yesterday 我们将谈谈昨天会议上讨论的问题 3 过去分词也可用作非限制性定语 前后用逗号隔开 相当于一个由 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 例如 The books written by Lu Xun which were written by Lu Xun are popular with many Chinese people 这些书是鲁迅写的 受到了 许多中国人的喜爱 The meeting attended by one thousand students which was attended by one thousand students was a great success 这次会议获得 很大的成功 共有一千名学生出席 4 过去分词做定语与所修饰的词之间存在两种关系 一是及物动词表 示被动或完成意义 有时也表示没有一定的时间性 二是不及物动词只表示 完成意义 不表被动 5 过去分词做定语与定语从句的关系 过去分词做定语相当于一个由 which that 或 who 引导的定语从句 若过 去分词是及物动词可以改为动词为被动形式的定语从句 如果过去分词是不及 物动词则可以改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句 例如 What s the language spoken which is spoken in Germany 德国说什么语言 Most of the guests invited who were invited to the evening party were college students 应邀参加晚会的客人大多数是大学生 a retired worker a worker who has retired 一名退休工人 a returned soldier a soldier who has returned 一位返乡的士兵 6 过去分词 现在分词一般式的被动式和动词不定式一般式的被动式 做定语的区别 过去分词 现在分词一般式的被动式和动词不定式一般式的被动式都可以 做后置定语 它们的共同点是都与所修饰的名词或代词存在逻辑上的动宾关系 即表示被动 但是过去分词强调动作已经完成 现在分词一般式的被动式 表示一个正在进行的被动动作 动词不定式一般式的被动式表示一个将来的被 动动作 请对比 The meeting held yesterday was very important 昨天开的会很重要 The meeting being held now is very important 现在正在开的会议很 重要 The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important 明天要召开的会 4 议很重要 练一练 1 After completing and signing it please return the form to us in the envelope 2012 山东卷 A providing B provided C having provided D provide 2 We re having a meeting in half an hour The decision at the meeting will influence the future of our company 2012 重庆 卷 A to be made B being made C made D having been made 3 It s such a nice place Mother said as she sat at the table for customers 2012 浙江卷 A to be reserved B having reserved C reserving D reserved 4 The club 25 years ago is holding a party for past and present members 2012 上海卷 A founded B founding C being founded D to be founded 5 Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour A pay B paying C paid D to pay 6 A great number of students said they were forced to practice the piano A to question B to be questioned C questioned D questioning 从 A B C D 四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案 1 The teachers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year A being carried out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out 5 2 We should keep them of what is going on here so we must keep in touch with them A informing B informed C to inform D being informed 3 The manager asked me whether I knew the man with his hair back A tied B tying C to cut D cutting 4 Many towns and villages had their water supply because there was no electricity A cutting in B to cut off C cut off D cut in 5 Without the job I wouldn t dare to go home A finishing B finished C to finish D being finished 6 He was disappointed to find his suggestion down so he had to keep silent A being turned B turned C to be turned D to turn 7 Jackson didn t get his bicycle soon enough at John s because John had a lot of bicycles A to repair repaired B to repair to be repaired C to be repaired to repair D repaired to repair 8 The manager said that no matter what happened he the work within 12 hours A would have finished B would have finish C might have end D would have do 9 Because of my poor English I m afraid I can t make myself A understand B to understand C understanding D understood 10 What s the language in Germany A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak 11 Most of the people to the party were famous scientists A invited B to invite C being invited D inviting 12 The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century A having written B to be written C being written D written 13 The Olympic Games in 776B C did not include women players until 1912 6 A first playing B to be first played C first played D to be first playing 14 Mr Smith of the speech started to read a