初中英语状语从句和定语从句.doc

初中英语状语从句和定语从句【状语从句】状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。 各类状语从句连接词和相关例句： 时间状语从句：when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, beforeWhen she was a little child, she could do a lot to help her mother.当她还是个小孩时，她就可以帮她母亲做许多事了。 条件状语从句：if, unless,as/so long as(只要) As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着，我就要学习。原因状语从句：as, because, sinceSince we live near the sea, we can enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。地点状语从句：where Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。目的状语从句：so that(为了), in order that Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，（为了）你可以开始另一个。结果状语从句：sothat, suchthat He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了。让步状语从句：though, although, even if, however Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。方式状语从句：asStudents do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。比较状语从句：than, (not)asas,The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。1. 易混引导词while, when, as的区别：when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while只能和延续性动词连用。如：When he came in, his mother was cooking.When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有随着或一边一边之意。如：As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。2Because,as,since 的区别：because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；as用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成由于；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成既然。如：Water is very important because we cant live without it.He didnt come yesterday as his mother was ill.Ill do it for you since you are busy.3suchthat, sothat, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that 3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that。如：This was such a good film that I went to see it several times.These were such good books that they sell well.It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.=He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.注：在形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so。如：She made so many mistakes that she didnt pass the exam.so that 既可以引导目的状语从句又可以引导结果状语从句引导目的状语从句时可译为为了 ,引导结果状语从句时可译为以便 如I speak loudly so that all the students can hear me clearly.(目的状语从句) Maria likes the woolen dress so much that she decides to buy it at once .(结果状语从句) so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词。引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词。 状语从句练习1. Teresa is _ nervous _ she cant talk in front of the class.A. such, that B. too, to C. so, that2. - Whats your plan for the summer holidays?-Ill go to Beijing_ the school term ends.A. in order that B. so that C. as soon as D. even though3. - Well go for a picnic if it _ this Sunday.- Wish you a lovely weekend.A. rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain D. isnt raining 4. If our government _attention to controlling food safety now, our health _in danger.A. wont pay, is B. doesnt pay, is C. wont pay, will be D. doesnt pay, will be5. Excuse me Could you wake me up when my friend_ here? Of course. But we still dont know when your friend _ here.A. comes; will come B. comes； comesC. will come; comes D. will come； will come6. I want to know when Mr. Brown will arrive. When he _ , I will tell you.A. will arrive B. arrived C. arrives 7. _ I was in the US, I made a lot of American friends.A. While B. Although C. Unless D. Until8. What would happen if he _ back home?A. go B. goes C. went9.-Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday? -I think we will if we _ any classes.A. won t have B. didnt t have C. dont have D. aren t having10.The bus driver always says to us ,“Dont get off_ the bus stops.”A. when B. while C .until D. if 11. _ he has little knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A. Although. B. Because. C. If【宾语从句】（一） 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you w I can get to zoo? Please tell me when wetell me holl have the meeting.（三）宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如： I dont think (that) you are right. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?Do you think he will come tomorrow?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.宾语从句练习1、Do you know how much hot water _?AMum is needed Bdoes Mum needCMum needsDdid Mum need2、Can you tell me_?Awhere he is Bwhere is heChe is whereDwhat is he3、I didnt know how_to London?Awould they goBare they goingCthey would goDthey are going4、I want to know how long_Ahas he been back Bhas he come backChe has been back Dhe has come back5、Do you know_?Awhat the news are Bwhat is the newsCwhat the news isDwhat are the news6、He said he would help me with my maths if he_freeAwas Bwill be Cwould beDis7、He will write to you as soon as he _to ShanghaiAgets Bis getting Cwill getDshall get8、Father_music when he_youngAlikedwasBlikedisClikeswasDlikesis9、I liked sports_I was youngAso much asBso much thatCvery much when Dvery much because10、_ mother got home， I was tidying my roomAAfterBWhenCAs soon as DBefore11、The teacher didnt begin her class_the students stopped talkingAuntilBbecauseCafter Dwhen12、If it_tomorrow， well go to t