初中英语八种时态大全-最新版.doc

八种时态过去现在将来过去将来一般一般过去时did一般现在时 do(es)一般将来时 will do 一般过去将来时would do进行过去进行时was/were doing现在进行时 be doing将来进行时will be doing过去将来进行时 would be doing完成过去完成时 had done现在完成时have done将来完成时will have done过去将来完成时would have done一、一般现在时：概念：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 经常性、习惯性动作。常与频率副词连用。 Eg.：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） C) 客观事实和普遍真理。 Eg. The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转) Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) D) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 Eg.The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon. Eg.How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） E) 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。Eg.：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。1 We often _ (play) in the playground.2 _Mike_ (read) English everyday?3 Mike sometimes_ (go) to the park with her sister.4 She usually _ (watch) TV at 7 oclock.把下列句子变为否定句和一般疑问句。It is a fine day today.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：Jills father works in a factory.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答LHB and LHS share the same room.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答Her daughter is very young.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答Geography and physics are my favorite subjects.改错：Kitty have a good friend. Her name is Alice. They are both eleven years old. They live in the same housing estate, but in different blocks. Kitty live in Block 1 and Alice lives in Block 2.Kitty and Alice usually goes to school together. Sometimes they likes to eat their lunch together and share their food. They always play together after school. They is happy to be together.二、一般过去时：不规则动词表概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, the other day etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。a. 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态Eg.He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 She wasnt at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。 Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？ b表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得很早。 Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. 玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。练习：1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I_ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 11. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 12. Gao Shan _ (put) up the picture last night. 13. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday. 14. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?15. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.16. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. 17. I listened but _ (hear) nothing.18. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term? 改错题 1How is Jane yesterday? _ 2He go to school by bus last week. _ 3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _ 4I can fly kites seven years ago. _ 5.Did you saw him just now. _ 变换句型。 1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句） _ Frank _ an interesting book about history? 2. He cleaned his room just now. （划线提问）What_ he _? 3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book. 4. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问） _ _ _ family _ last week?三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。用法：a现在进行时表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。 Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？ He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我们现在正在帮助他 。 b在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。 The students are working on the farm there days. 这些天学生们正在农场劳动。 c在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。 He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了。 Mary is arriving here at 4 oclock this afternoon. 玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。 注意： 1）表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。 Stop, I am thinking. 停下来，我正在想问题呢。 2）无法延续动作的动词，如：jump, begin, start, stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。He is jumping up and down. 他一下一下地跳个不停。3)与always, continually, constantly，forever等连用表示经常性反复性的动作表示某种感情色彩。She is always changing her clothes.He is always doing things for other peopleShe is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back.【注意】不用于现在进行时的动词 表感觉、感官的动词。See、hear、smell、taste、feel. This cake smells wonderful. 表爱憎的动词。Like、love、dislike、hate、adore、mind、prefer、 表希望、意愿。Want、wish、desire 表知道、相信、猜想、理解。Know、believe、think、doubt、understand、wonder-The phone is ringing. -I know, I heard it. 表拥有、含有、所有Own、contain、belong to、have【练习】写出下列词的现在分词play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ski_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_1. Look! These boys _ happily in the swimming pool.A are dancing B are swimming C were singing D have swum 2. She _ (talk) about her new school at the moment.3. The Browns _ (watch) TV now.My father always _(come) back from work very late.4. The teacher is busy. He _ (sleep) six hours a day.5. -Tom is leaving for Disneyland for a holiday. -Really? When_ he _?A has gone B is leaving C did leave D does go 5. - Lets go shopping, shall we? - Sorry, I cant. I _ my clothes. A have washed B washed C am washing D wash6. Listen! the phone _. Please go to answer it. A is ringing B rings C rang D did ring7. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing8. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A.have B.having C.is having D.are having9. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries10. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing11. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep12.The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have13. My father always _(come) back from work very late.14. The teacher is busy. He _ (sleep) six hours a day.四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。1）构成 过去进行时由be动词的过去式加动词的现在分词构成。 肯定式疑问式否定式I was workingWere you working?I was not workingHe / She / it was working.Was he / she / it working?Yes, he / she / it was.No, he / she / it wasnt.He / she / it was not working.We were working.Were we working?We were not workingYou were workingWere you working?You were not workingThey were workingWere they working?They were not working2）用法 a. 过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。They were expecting you yesterday. 他们昨天一直在等待。b. 过去进行时可与soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等时间状语连用，表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。如：Soon the whole town was talking about it. 不久镇上的人就都谈论起这种事了。c. 过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口，这种用法常用在口语中。如：- Have you finished your homework, Mary? 玛丽，你作业做完了吗？- No, I was helping my mother is the kitchen all day yesterday. 还没呢，我昨天一天都帮妈妈在厨房干活。d. 过去进行时可用来为一个后一系列动作的发生提供背景。如：I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike. 我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。e. 过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，这时be动词was/were要重读。如：I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it. 我本该今天早上给他写信的，后来全给忘了。I was seeing her tomorrow. 我本来打算明天会见她。He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy. 他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。一般过去时和过去进行时的区别（1）一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如：I was sixteen yesterday old last year. 我去年16岁。He worked in a factory in 1986. 他1986年在一家工厂工作。I met her in the street the day before yesterday. 前天我在街上遇见了她。He often swam in the river when he was young. 他小时候常在河里游泳。（2）过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth.等时间状语从句。What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。（3）一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如：I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher. 你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us.2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in.3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it _ (move) away.4. We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off.5. She _ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _ (all, work) in the fields.6. While mother _ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell _ (ring).7. As I _ (walk) in the park, it _ (begin) to rain.8. Even when she _ (be) a child she _ _ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).9. It was quite late at night. George _ (read) and Amy _ (ply) her needle when they _ (hear) a knock at the door.10. There _ (be) a group round the fire when they _ (reach) it. An old woman _ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children _ (lie) near her; a donkey _ (bend) his head over a tall girl.1. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing.3. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV.4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes, he was. He _ (listen) to the radio.5. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.6. _ they _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom.7. _ it _(rain) when you left school? Yes, it _. (No, it _)8. What _ your father _ (do) when he was your age?9. One day, Edison _ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.10. He asked me if I _ (go) fishing that afternoon.11. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _ (leave) in five minutes.12. In a letter, john told us that he _ (come) to china next month.13. When the bell rang, jenny _ (wait) in her seat.14. She _ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.15. While my father _ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly _ a cry.三、 选择题。1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try3. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _ ready to fly to England.a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got7. Lei Feng _ always _ of others when he _ in the army.a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was8. A girl _ my pen fall off the table when she _ me.a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing9. We _ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait10. He _ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.a. helps b. would help c. was helping d. is helping11. While mother _ some washing, I _ a kite for Kate.a. did, made b. was doing, made c. was doing, was making d. did, was making12. “_ you angry then?” “they _ too much noise.”a. are, were making b. were, were making c. are, made d. were, made13. He _ some cooking at that time, so _ mea. did, heard b. did, didnt hear c. was doing, heard d. was doing, didnt hear14. This time yesterday jack _ his bike. He _ TVa. repaired, didnt watch b. was repairing, watched c. repaired, watched d. was repairing, wasnt watching五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：already、ever、yet、not yet、just、just before, in the past/last few years基本结构：否定形式：一般疑问句：动词过去分词的构成，这里只谈规则动词，既过去式与过去分词都是加-ed的。有下面四种情况：1一般的也是绝大多数的动词是直接在后面加-ed，例如，played2以e结尾的动词只加-d，例如，loved3以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加-ed4以一个辅音字母（r/w/y除外）结尾的重读闭音节，要双写这个辅音字母再加ed，例如，stopped，planned, preferred等。（三），不规则动词的变化规则：这些不规则动词有下面一些规律可循，1. AAA型：既动词原形。过去式，过去分词三者同形。例如：let, set. hit .cut. put, shut .cost. hurt, read. spread2. AAB型：只有一个，beat-beat-beaten3. ABA型：既过去式与过去分词不同，但过去分词与原形相同。如：run. come, become. overcome（克服）4ABB型：既过去式与过去分词相同，而两者与原形不同。可分为下面六组：第一组：feel. keep. sleep weep sweep meet leave smell. deal spoil spill它们都以t结尾.第二组：spend lend send build都是变d为t第三组：lose get win shine dig hang都是变其中的元音字母。第四组：bring buy fight think catch teach都以ught结尾,其中catch, teach以aught结尾。第五组：tell sell lay pay say 都以“d”结尾第六组：无规律组，必须硬记.find stand understand sit have make hold hear mean5.ABC型:既过去式，过去分词与动词原形三者各不相同。第一组：在过去式上加 -n （注：过去式都是以“o辅音字母+e”结尾的，但rise除外） break-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgotten(双写t) freeze-froze-frozen wake-woke-woken speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen 第二组 :在原形上加-n see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven take-took-taken draw-drew-drawn grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown blow-blew-blown show-showed-shown mistake-mistook-mistaken rise-rose-risen第三组：在原形上加 -en write-wrote-written(双写t) eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rode-ridden (双写d) hide-hid-hidden(双写d) be-was/were-been第四组：符合 i-a-u的原则，并且发音规律相同。 begin-began-begun ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk(沉 ) drink-drank-drunk 第五组：bear-bore-born wear-wore-worn tear-tore-torn（流泪）第六组：lie-lay-lain(躺 ) do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown现在完成时的含义：（一）、它是过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 1、表示过去发生的某一动作（该动作已经结束）对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：He has had his lunch.（强调结果，饱了）。又如：_-Have you done your homework?_-Yes, I have.（强调对现在的影响，其结果是作业已经完成了。）2、表示过去已经开始，并持续到现在的动作或状态，它往往与表示一段时间段for时间段，since过去的时间点连用I have taught here for more than two years. We have lived in this street since 1987. Since for的区别since后接时间点或表过去时的句子 如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间表“长达多久”如ten years, a while, two days等。 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 3. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 4. India has been an independent country _1974. 5. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes. 6. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.（二）、特点：既涉及过去又联系现在，动作是过去发生的，其结果是现在存在的例如：She has come.（她来了）这句话说明两点：）她是过去某一时候来的）她现在仍然在这里，而且主要是说她在这里，动词用了现在完成时表示现在还存在过去的某一动作的结果或影响，至于她是什么时候来的，是十分钟以前还是一个小时以前，并不是