《高级英语》第二册paraphrase整理.doc

第二课1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings). 3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. In a tropical landscape ones eye takes in everything except the human beings.If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas(for these trips would not be interesting).10. For nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people. With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil.11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community, that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal.12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible.People with brown skins are almost invisible.13. The splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniformsThe Senegales soldiers were wearing readymade khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful wellbuilt bodies.14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.Every white man, the onlookers, the officers on their horses and the white N. C. Os.marching with the black soldiers, had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind.第三课1. And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings. (Animals and birds are not capable of conversation.) 2. Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each others lives.5. It could still go ignorantly on.The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6. There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat. We call their meat beef.7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8. English had come royally into its own.The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classed.The phrase, the Kings English, has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.10. Te rebellion against a cultural dominance is still here.There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us.”There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to representFor example，the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal. We mustnt regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself.12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the Kings English slips and slides in conversation.Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard, formal English all the time in their conversation.第四课1. And yet the same revolutionary beliet for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world. 2. This much we pledge-and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more. 3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings. 4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries. 5. Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace.The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace. 6. To enlarge the area in which its writ may run.We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force. 7. Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place8. Yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankinds final war.Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankinds final war.9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness.So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.11. Each generation of American has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their countrys cause).12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.第七课1. Boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region. 2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was. 3. It reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke. 4. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region. 5. They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright. 6. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope. 7. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg. 8. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye. 9. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying. 10. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 11. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such mas