介词加关系代词引导的定语从句(1).doc

“介词 + which / whom”引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如： The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成 1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。 （1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如： （1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.（2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。This is the pen that / which you are looking for.The patient whom she is looking after is her father. The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of.练习：Are these sentences right? (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (2) The man(who/that) you talked with is my friend. (3) The man with who/that you talked is my friend. (4) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. 2、 关系副词when，where，why可用“介词which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,during等）+which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which (1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词which来代替关系副词when。 I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when) (2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词which来代替关系副词where。 This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where) (3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。 There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)3、 关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)2. 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。This is my pair of glasses, _without which_I cannot see clearly.例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示一. 填空。1. This is the gun _ _ the hunter shot the antelope.2. The athletes _ _ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic.3. Hell never forget the day _ _ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time. 4. The musicians _ _ we have great interest toured Europe with us.5. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.6. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.7. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?8. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.9. The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.10. The room _ my family live used to be a garage.11. Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now?12. Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter?13. Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now? 注意：介词+关系代词1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。练习: 1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 2.She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. A. after thatB. from that C. from whichD. after which 3.Gun control is a subject _Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which4.Wind power is an ancient source of energy _we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which5.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people ,many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.whose6.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A for which B at which C in which D on which7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the s ailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which8. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 9. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which10.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 11.Eric received training in the computer for one year,_he found a job in a big company.A. after that B.after which C.after it D.after this 12.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,_there wont be much work.A. where B.that C.by which D.without which 13.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,_wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom 14. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm_，many people have gone home. A. whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time 15.Whenever I met her, _was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.A.who B.which C.when D.that 16.She brought with her three friends,none of _I had ever met before. A. them B.who C.whom D.these 17.Many children, _parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village. A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom 18.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _name will create a pi